First of all, let's look at what "Wen" is in posthumous title.
Let's see what "positive" is.
There is even a generation of famous minister Sima Guang who suggested that "the beauty of death is better than literary talent". He believes that literature is morally knowledgeable, brilliant and the acme of literati morality. After his propaganda, Zheng Wen has always been regarded as a very beautiful person and minister of posthumous title.
In addition, Fan Zhongyan, the most famous writer who won the "Zheng Wen", is the benchmark for future generations of civil servants to "worry about the world first, and enjoy the world later". He not only ate sandwiches, but also presided over the celebration of the New Deal. There are also martial arts, and the Qiang people in Xixia called him "Laozi"; In addition, he is generous, kind and rigorous in his studies. However, Wang Zeng, a famous minister in the Northern Song Dynasty, was the first person in posthumous title's "Zheng Wen".
Therefore, for Zheng Wen's posthumous title, the emperor naturally refused to give it easily.
In fact, the first word is the most expensive, and the "text" is not fixed. It is a great honor to get it. There were Bai Juyi, Han Yu, Li Ao, Quan Deyu and Lu Xisheng in the Tang Dynasty. In the Northern Song Dynasty, there were Yang Yi and Wang Anshi (although there were criticisms about this); There was only Zhu in the Southern Song Dynasty; In the Yuan Dynasty, there were Ouyang Xuan and Yao Sui; Since the Ming Dynasty, there have been different views on the use of memorial ceremonies. Officials are not all two words, only the prince. Posthumous title became infinitely long in the Tang Dynasty, so since the Tang Dynasty, emperors have called temples by their names more and more, and it is a great honor for civil servants to get "Wen Zhen" posthumous title.
There are several short stories about Shi Wenzhen-
In the Tang Dynasty, Zhang claimed that he had been canonized, which also triggered a debate among ministers. Finally, Xuanzong wrote a letter to end the argument. Tang Daizong wanted to designate posthumous title proposed by Prime Minister Yang Wan as "Wen Zhen", but Su Duan strongly opposed it, so he finally had to demote Su Duan to Guangzhou and seal Yang Wan as Wen Jian.
There were Wei Zhi, Lu Xiangxian, Song Jing, Zhang Shuo, Su Gui, Niu Sengru and others in the Tang Dynasty, and Liu Yun, Wang Dan and others in the early Song Dynasty.
But in Song Renzong's time, the boss's name was Zhao Zhen, so you must avoid it. Otherwise, the emperor kept sneezing, so Wen Zhen was changed to Zheng Wen, and Wen Zhen was restored to the Yuan Dynasty under the rule of Zheng Wen.
In fact, only 28 people regard the history of China as a complete literature!
Song Dynasty: Wang Zeng (first person), Fan Zhongyan, Sima Guang, Huang, Zheng Zhongzhong, Cai Shen.
Jin Dynasty: Yu He.
Yuan Dynasty: Wu Cheng, Ye Luchu, Cai, Liu, Xu Heng and Lian Xixian.
In the Ming Dynasty, there were Fang Xiaoru, Li Dongyang, Liu, Ni, etc.
There is also a story about Zheng Wen, posthumous title Li Dongyang. Li Dongyang, who was dying, listened to the posthumous title given to him by Yang Yiqing, a great scholar, and struggled to kowtow to Yang Yiqing in bed. Someone wrote a poem sarcastically: "Zheng Wen never praised Wang Fan, but now Zheng Wen is in trouble. The wind blows on the plane tree, and others say it is short. "
During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, (Zheng) Harmony was the prototype active in Jin Yong's novels and TV plays.
There were eight people in Qing Dynasty: Tang Bin (ratified 50 years after his death), Liu Tongxun, Zhu Gui, Cao Zhenyong, Du Shoutian, Zeng Guofan, Li Hongzao and Sun Jianai.
Zhu Gui, Du Shoutian, Li Hongzao and Sun Jianai are all emperors; Zeng Guofan saved the day, ranking first among the famous officials of Zhongxing in Tongzhi, worthy of being called "Zheng Wen"; Liu Tongxun was a famous minister in Qianlong Dynasty, honest and clean, with extraordinary achievements, and was deeply loved by the people. Cao Zhenyong, however, was obedient and cautious to Nuo Nuo all his life. His "kowtowing more and talking less" and "honesty" have been criticized by later generations.
Personally, I think the most veritable Wen Gong Zheng are Fan Zhongyan, Sima Guang and Zeng Guofan. Who is the most controversial? Cao Zhenyong, of course.
Zheng Wen is a posthumous title, which was very important in ancient times. After the death of the ancients in China, only a few dozen people were posthumously given to Zheng Wen. There were Han Yu, Bai Juyi, Wang Anshi, Li Ao, Lu Xisheng and Quan Deyu in the Tang Dynasty.
There were Wang Anshi, Yang Yi, Fan Zhongyan, Wang Zeng, Sima Guang, Huang, etc.
There were two people in the Southern Song Dynasty: Zhu and Cai Shen.
Jin dynasty was more than harmonious;
In the Yuan Dynasty, there were Ouyang Xuan, Yao Sui, Wu Cheng, Ye Luchu, Cai, Liu and Lian Xixian.
In the Ming Dynasty, there were five people, including Fang Xiaoru, Liu and so on.
Zhu Gui, Zeng Guofan and Cao Zhenyong were eight masters in Qing Dynasty.
But among these people, I think Fan Zhongyan is the most suitable and Cao Zhenyong is the most controversial.
Fan Zhongyan deserves Fan Zhongyan. I believe everyone knows that he was a famous politician, strategist and thinker in the Northern Song Dynasty. He once wrote such a sentence: "Fill your troubles first, and the world will be happy." Worried about the country, the people and the world, the characters are vividly on the paper, which makes people cry.
Fan Zhongyan made great contributions to the Northern Song Dynasty. Politically, he was in power for the people with outstanding achievements; In military thought, he strengthened frontier defense and put forward the strategy of "active defense".
Cao Zhenyong is a controversial figure in Cao Zhenyong, and he is the most trusted courtier of Daoguang. His highest rank is the Minister of War. But as far as Cao Zhenyong's life is concerned, it is mediocre.
The above is my personal opinion. If there are any mistakes or shortcomings, please criticize and correct them. Finally, thank you for reading. Welcome to follow me! According to funeral etiquette, what matters is not the truth but the words, but the words seem to be a little higher than others. Wei Zhi got posthumous title in Wen Zhen in the Tang Dynasty, and later changed it to Zheng Wen to avoid Zhao Zhen's taboo.
As for who is worth watching, Fan Zhongyan is definitely worth it, because he may be the reason why Zheng Wen became the most wanted scholar. So that Sima Guang's "writing style is extremely beautiful and hard to see." It's a bit boastful, but I don't recognize it anyway. Except Sima Guang, all the people who did not meet the requirements in the Qing Dynasty had them. The first literary standard came into being during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty. Because it is the dead who died fifty years ago, that is, only the literati who followed me in the Qing Dynasty, whose literary talent is "positive". Otherwise, like Lv Liuliang, his writing is crooked and he will be beheaded. In this sense, Zheng Wen in this period was obviously enslaved by Han intellectuals. Zeng Guofan contributed a lot, but there was encouragement. Later, it was the last famous instrument, and it was not expensive.
Li Dongyang this person zha say, is there any reason to get him alone, because I really appreciate this person, the emperor has a crush on talented women is not much, Yan Shu in her arms, there is no such honor. But Li Dongyang has this item, and who is praising him, Jingdi? A rare normal emperor in the Ming Dynasty didn't like alchemy, didn't like not going to court, and didn't trust eunuchs. What did this man say? The article is well written. posthumous title, a literary leader for a while, is quite appropriate. I am attached to Liu Jin, but I am trying to set things right, which is nothing. After all, history will remember, and the key is that I am not guaranteed at night. Yang Yiqing saw him, told him to give him posthumous title Zheng Wen and kowtowed to him, because they had a personal relationship. Finally, someone wrote a poem that was never used to praise Wang Fan, but now Zheng Wen is in trouble. The wind blows on the plane tree, and others say it is short. Anyway, what can I say? I think we can give it, but in the end, there is no guarantee that others will gossip.
How many people have been blocked? This article goes directly to Baidu to search for "Who has been blocked in history" and knows it in great detail.
As far as the name Zheng Wen is concerned, I think Sima Guang, Su Shi and Zeng Guofan are the most deserving. Needless to say, their influence on the people of China not only covered time, but also lasted for a long time. What I like most and admire most is Su Dongpo, who is known as the perfect old man. On the material level, he might say so. However, compared with the depth and breadth of life experience, Su Shi can be said to be perfect and materially richer than Li Bai, but one is a poet and the other is a poet. More profound than the spirit of Qianlong, one is the statue of the Ninth Five-Year Plan and the other is the prime minister of the dynasty. "Old chat young crazy. Left leads to yellow. Right Qing Cang, in order to report the whole city with the satrap, thousands of riding volumes Hiraoka, we can see Su Dongpo's fresh clothes and angry horses. "Life is full of ups and downs, and it can have a good ending. Books, paintings and ci can be said to be the top literary circles in China, and politics can also influence the situation. Living with such famous officials as Sima Guang and Wang Anshi is also a model for officials. In particular, Wang Anshi's political reform still had great influence at that time and today. As a conservative, Su Shi's political demands were in line with the historical limitations at that time, pragmatic and clear. Sometimes it is either reform or good, so we must be realistic and take a long-term view.
There are too many controversies. Influenced by powerful people and political considerations at that time, it is useless to say that there is no name in it.
Zheng Wen is the highest honor that countless civil servants have dreamed of since ancient times. According to Yi Shi Fa Jie, only civil servants with outstanding achievements can use Wen and Zheng as posthumous title. Sima Guang once said:
Therefore, both books and the pursuit of "literary spirit" were the objects admired by literati at that time. According to statistics, since the Han Dynasty, more than10,000 courtiers have been awarded posthumously, but only 40 of them have been awarded the title of "Zheng Wen", which is the highest posthumously awarded official.
There are 40 "Zheng Wen" posthumous title in past dynasties. The distribution and names of dynasties are as follows: Tang Dynasty (4 persons): Wei Zhi, Lv Xiangxian, Song Jing and Zhang Shuo.
Song Dynasty (9 people): Li Yun, Fan Zhongyan, Sima Guang, Wang Dan, Wang Zeng, Huang, Zheng Zhongzhong, Cai Shen.
Yuan Dynasty (5 people): Wu Cheng, Ye Luchu, Cai, Liu, Xu Heng and Lian Xixian.
Ming Dynasty (4 people): Fang Xiaoru, Li Dongyang, Ni.
Qing Dynasty (8 persons): Tang Bin, Liu Tongxun, Zhu Gui, Cao Zhenyong, Du Shoutian, Zeng Guofan, Li Hongzao and Sun Jianai.
The most veritable "literary spirit"-Fan Zhongyan
Most "Zheng Wen" can bear this posthumous title, and the first one is Fan Zhongyan. He is both civil and military, wise and resourceful. On the military side, combined with the long-term redundancy and disadvantages of the Northern Song Dynasty, the policy of long-term frontier defense and active defense was put forward. Politically, we reformed the bureaucratic system, got rid of the drawbacks, and implemented the "Qingli New Deal". Moreover, he has made great achievements in calligraphy, education, poetry and prose. In particular, his thought of "worrying about the world first, and enjoying the world later" has far-reaching influence, transcending the limitations of the times and still has an extremely important practical role.
The most unworthy "Zheng Wen"-four Manchu emperors and eight Manchu emperors, is known as "Zheng Wen", but four of them are known as "Zheng Wen" for teaching a good student. Since Jiaqing period of Qing Dynasty, it has become a common practice that an imperial envoy was awarded "Zheng Wen". Zhu Gui was the teacher of Emperor Jiaqing, Du Shoutian was the teacher of Emperor Xianfeng, Li Hongzao was the teacher of Emperor Tongzhi, and Sun Jianai was the teacher of Emperor Guangxu. Their own morality and achievements were not outstanding at that time, which was far from other "Zheng Wen" in history. It's really the right place at the right time.
Zeng Guofan is not worthy of posthumous title of Zheng Wen. Although he has the credit of "Zhongxing" Manchu Dynasty, he is inferior to others in character, knowledge, military achievements and political achievements. Personality is not as good as Fan Zhongyan, knowledge is not as good as Sima Guang, military exploits are not as good as Wang Shouren, and political achievements are not as good as Liu Tongxun. Wang Shouren is the leader of the next generation, but he is only a man with literary achievements. How can Zeng Guofan become a man with literary achievements? !
There are quite a few Zheng Wen. There were nine in the Song Dynasty and eight in the Qing Dynasty. I don't remember clearly in the Yuan Dynasty, about five, and four or three in the Ming Dynasty. I forgot, Wei Zhi was the first person to be turned into Zheng Wen in history, and Wen Zhen was changed to Zheng Wen in the Song Dynasty because of Zhao Zhen.
Fan Wenzheng is of course the moral benchmark of DaSong.
Only Fan Zhongyan deserves it, and the rest are gifts.
Fan Wenzheng. Wen Tao's military strategy is second to none among his courtiers.