Kangxi gave the name Yunlin Temple.
Kangxi not only promoted China culture through administration, but also personally practiced it and was immersed in China culture every day. He loves calligraphy and has been diligent in copying calligraphy in his spare time. Although Kangxi's calligraphy is not first-class, it contains gentle and beautiful handwriting in the dignified and straight word structure, which fully shows the politician who built the largest and richest empire, and on the other hand, he was deeply baptized by China culture.
Scholars yearn for Jiangnan, and Kangxi is no exception. Kangxi visited his spiritual hometown many times during his reign. Anecdote: On one occasion, the literati emperor visited the West Lake in Hangzhou. The West Lake has always been a people's literature, pavilions and pavilions, and it is full of the ink of literati in past dynasties. Kangxi, who loves calligraphy, was infected by this brushwork and pen and ink, so his fingers itched. Because of the identity of the emperor, it is not convenient to dance and write in the West Lake. He must deal with business first, and then go on a trip.
Kangxi then came to Lingyin Temple, but when he saw the beautiful mountains next to the temple, the trees were green, the ancient temple was faint, the statutes were solemn, and his heart was full of cultural feelings. So he called his entourage and prepared Four Treasures of the Study. Kangxi dipped in ink and put pen to paper. I didn't expect the word "rain" on the top of the word "spirit" in Lingyin Temple to be too big, so it would be too far-fetched to squeeze into the second half of the word.
What should I do? When I was writing excitedly, I didn't think it over, so I made this mistake. If you are in the imperial study at ordinary times, you can start all over again, but at this moment, it would be too shameful to give a plaque and change the paper.
Kangxi hesitated for a moment. Suddenly, his eyes lit up, he calmly took up his pen and wrote the word "Yunlin Temple". Why was it named "Yunlin Temple" when it was clearly "Lingyin Temple"? It turned out that when Kangxi wrote the inscription, Lingyin Temple was shrouded in a vast fog, and "Yunlin" was the best portrayal of this scene. At present, the giant monument of Yunlin Temple in front of Tianwang Temple of Lingyin Temple was the imperial pen of Emperor Kangxi at that time.
Whether Yunlin Temple is really a masterpiece caused by the wrong title of Lingyin Temple is probably only known by Kangxi himself. In any case, future generations will think of this Manchu emperor when they see this plaque, and will appreciate his efforts to promote Chinese culture.
The life of Kangxi characters
Early experience
Michelle Ye is the third son of Fu Lin, the emperor shunzhi. His mother, Tong Jiashi, the queen of Zhang Kang, is an ordinary princess. Before Shunzhi's death, the prince was not canonized. In the eighteenth year of Shunzhi, the emperor shunzhi accepted Tang Ruowang's suggestion and chose Michelle Ye as his successor, because he had smallpox immunity, and made Michelle Ye the Crown Prince in the form of testamentary edict. In the 18th year of Shunzhi, Michelle Ye was only 6 years old when he ascended the throne (8 years old in nominal age), and the first month of the following year (1662 February) was changed to Kangxi. At the same time, the testamentary edict appointed Sony, Suksaha, Zieba Bilong and Ao Bai as assistant ministers.
Michelle Ye lost his father at the age of 8 (uncertain) and his mother at the age of 10. When my mother was seriously ill, Michelle Ye? Serve food in the morning and evening, taste soup, open your eyes and get dressed? ; After her mother died, Michelle Ye stayed up all night, unable to go home and kept crying. Kangxi later recalled that when he was young? Parents kneeling on their knees, not a day's work? .
Ao Bai's ingenious capture
In June of the 6th year of Kangxi (1667), Sony died of illness. On the seventh day of July, Emperor Kangxi, who was 14 years old, officially took charge of state affairs, was congratulated in the Hall of Supreme Harmony and granted amnesty to the world. However, only ten days after Ao Bai led the government, he killed Suksaha, who was also the assistant minister, and became a first-class public with Zhu Anbilong a few days later. The actual political situation was not directly controlled by Emperor Kangxi.
In the eighth year of Kangxi (1669), Emperor Kangxi often called young guards to make a surprise attack in the palace, but on May 16 (14 June), he suddenly ordered the arrest of these guards while touring Ao Bai. The priest discussed Ao Bai's top 30 sins and asked him to punish his family. Emperor Kangxi saw Ao Bai's contribution, pardoned his death sentence and detained him, but he killed many brothers and nephews of Ao Bai and his henchmen. Soon, Ao Bai died in the forbidden area. The only remaining minister of Fuzheng, Qin Bilong, was cut into a surname and a first-class public because of his long-term collusion with Ao Bai. Emperor Kangxi thus completely regained the power of the imperial court and began the real pro-government stage.
Pacify San Francisco
In March of the 12th year of Kangxi (1673), Wang Shangkexi of Pingnan requested to return to the old Liaodong, but asked to leave his son's letters to continue guarding Guangdong, which triggered a heated debate on whether to quit the vassal. Finally, Emperor Kangxi thought? The buffer zone is heavily guarded for a long time, which is not good for the country. Have you decided to order? Quit the clan? .
In November of the same year, Wu Sangui launched a rebellion in Yunnan, proposing to fight against the Qing Dynasty and regain sight. The following year, he sent troops to attack Hunan and captured Changde, Changsha, Yuezhou, Lizhou and Hengzhou. He also sent people to launch a campaign to denounce the Qing Dynasty. Guangxi Sun Yanling, Sichuan Governor Rosen and many other local officials turned against the Qing Dynasty. Subsequently, Geng and Fujian also expressed their opposition. In just a few months, Yunnan, Guizhou, Hunan, Guangxi, Fujian and Sichuan provinces fell, and the Qing Empire was in danger for a time. Subsequently, Shaanxi prefect Wang and Guangdong Shangzhixin rebelled one after another, and the rebellion spread to Guangdong, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Gansu and other provinces.
Emperor Kangxi's countermeasure was to resolutely crack down on Wu Sangui and never give him a chance to compromise and make peace; And open the door to other traitors to divide the rebels, weaken Wu Sangui's wings and isolate Wu Sangui. Under this policy, Emperor Kangxi took Hunan as the focus of military attack, ordered Le Jin and others to lead troops to Jingzhou and Wuchang, confronted Wu Sangui, attacked Hunan, and ordered Yue Le to attack Hunan from Jiangxi to Changsha. In addition, Emperor Kangxi let go of Han generals and Han soldiers to fight.
In the 15th year of Kangxi (1676), Wang He of Shaanxi and Geng of Fujian surrendered successively under the attack of the Qing army. Shang Zhixin of Guangdong also surrendered in the 16th year of Kangxi (1677). Shaanxi, Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi have all been pacified. Wu Sangui is confined to a corner of Hunan, and its foreign aid is decreasing. The Qing army has moved from Jiangxi to Changsha, and failure has become a reality.
In the seventeenth year of Kangxi (1678), in March, Wu Sangui proclaimed himself emperor in Hengzhou, with the title of Zhou. A few days later, he fell ill with anxiety and died in August. After Wu Sangui's death, his ministry will welcome his grandson Wu Shizhen to the throne and retire to Yunnan and Guizhou. Since then, the Qing army has successively recovered Hunan, Guangxi and Sichuan.
In the winter of the 21st year of Kangxi (168 1), the Qing army invaded Kunming and Wu Shifan committed suicide.
Reunification with Taiwan Province
In the 20th year of Kangxi (168 1), Zheng Jing died of a stroke, and a coup took place in Zheng's family in Taiwan Province province. Zheng Keshuang, who was only 12 years old, succeeded to King Yanping, and the power was actually in the hands of Feng Xifan and Liu Guoxuan. The centripetal force of Zheng officials began to shake, and Fu, who was in charge of making peace with the Qing Dynasty, even wanted to become an insider. Yao Qisheng thought it was a good opportunity to attack Taiwan Province Province and recommended Shi Lang to Emperor Kangxi.
In the 22nd year of Kangxi (1683), Kangxi took Shi Lang as the prefect of Fujian Navy, sent troops to attack Taiwan, defeated Zheng Navy led by him in Penghu, and recovered Taiwan Province Province. In the 23rd year of Kangxi (1684), the Qing government set up a government (Taiwan government) and three counties in Taiwan Province province, namely, Taiwan county (now Tainan), Fengshan county (now Kaohsiung) and Zhuluo county (now Chiayi), which were placed under Fujian province, and set up a governor 1 name and company commander/kloc-0 in Taiwan Province province. There is a deputy general in Penghu with two thousand soldiers. So as to strengthen the central government's jurisdiction over Taiwan Province Province and promote the economic and cultural development of Taiwan Province Province.
Expel Russia
Since the end of the Ming Dynasty, Russian expeditionary forces have invaded the Heilongjiang River basin many times, burning, killing and looting everywhere. In September of the 22nd year of Kangxi (1683), the Qing Dynasty ordered the Russian invaders entrenched in Chayu and other places to leave the territory of the Qing Dynasty. The invading army ignored it, but led troops to flee to the beloved Hui for looting. The Qing dynasty defeated Sabusu and burned all the strongholds established by the invading army in the lower reaches of Heilongjiang, making jaxa an isolated city. However, the invading army retreated. In the twenty-fourth year of Kangxi (1685), on the 23rd day of the first month, in order to completely eliminate Russian aggression, Kangxi ordered Peng Chun, commander in chief, to go to Aihui, and a few days after he conquered Yaxar, he immediately returned to Li, leaving some troops stationed in Aihui and Muergen (now Nenjiang, Heilongjiang) to strengthen the defense of Heilongjiang.
In the autumn of the 24th year of Kangxi (1685), Russia made a comeback and occupied Jacques again. This treacherous behavior of the Russian army aroused great indignation of the Qing government. At the beginning of the second year, Kangxi received a report and ordered a counterattack. In the 25th year of Kangxi (1686), on July 24th, more than 2,000 Qing troops arrived at the gates of Jacques, besieged the city and ordered the invading Russian troops to surrender. Tolbuzin ignored it. In August, the Qing army began to attack the city, and Tolbuzin was shot and killed. He was replaced by Petain and went on fighting. On August 25th, considering that Russian troops were holding on to jaxa, waiting for reinforcements, and considering the inconvenience caused by freezing in the middle of winter to ship movement and horse food supply, the Qing army dug trenches in the south, north and east of jaxa Province, and sent warships to patrol the Xijiang River to cut off foreign aid on the defensive. The invading army was besieged and many people died in the battlefield. There were 826 Russian troops, and only 66 were left in the end. The city of Jacques was in danger, and Russian Regent Sophia hurriedly asked Qing for evacuation and sent a special envoy to discuss the border. The Qing army promised to let the remnants of the invading army withdraw to Nebuchadnezzar Chu.
After the Sino-Russian War of 1894-1895, the two sides concluded the Sino-Russian Nebuchadnezzar Chu Treaty on July 24th, the 28th year of Kangxi (1689), which stipulated that the outer Xing 'anling to haegele Beach River and Ergon River were the eastern borders of China and Russia, and the areas north of Heilongjiang, south of outer Xing 'anling and east of Wusuli River were all clear territories.
Dabo Junggar
In the early Qing Dynasty, Mongolia living in the northwest was divided into three parts: Monan Mongolia, Mobei Kharka Mongolia and Moxi Elut Mongolia. Inner Mongolia in Mobei Halka is divided into three parts: ZhaSaquetoux, Tuxietu and Chechnya, and Inner Mongolia in Moxi Erut is divided into four parts: Junggar, Hoxute, Dorbod and Turkut. Before the Qing army entered the Shanhaiguan Pass, Monan Mongolia had always belonged to various ministries of the Qing Dynasty, Khalkha Mongolia and Elut Mongolia, and was also closely related to the Qing government.
At the end of the 26th year of Kangxi (1687), Golovin, the plenipotentiary of Russia to participate in the Sino-Russian border negotiations, specially met with Gordan's representative in Irkutsk, conspired to instigate Gordan's rebellion and supported him to attack Kharka Mongolia. At the instigation of Russia, galdan finally led his troops to attack Khalkha Mongolia.
In the 27th year of Kangxi (1688), galdan led 30,000 cavalry eastward from Yili, crossed Hang 'ai Mountain, attacked Gurkha, and occupied the whole Gurkha area. Hundreds of thousands of people led by the leaders of the three departments of Kerkha fled to the area of Wuzhumuqin Banner (now Wuzhumuqin Banner, Inner Mongolia) south of the desert and asked the Qing court for protection. Kangxi put them in Horqin (now Horqin Banner in Inner Mongolia) to graze and ordered galdan to stop fighting and return to the west. However, Gordan was arrogant and ignored it. Instead, he led his troops to take advantage of the situation and go deep into Uzbekistan. As for galdan's rampant crime in the south, Kangxi ordered the local troops to gather together to strictly counter the blockade, and transferred troops to prepare for the north to meet, and successively defeated Junggar in Wulan and Zhao Mo. In the thirty-sixth year of Kangxi (1698), in February, in view of galdan's refusal to surrender, Kangxi once again wrote a letter to personally expedition. Gordan committed suicide by taking poison in the case of betraying others. At this point, the war to quell the rebellion in galdan during the reign of Kangxi came to an end, and the Gurkha region was reunified with the Qing Dynasty.
After Galdin's death, Alabo Tan became the ruler of Junggar. With the consolidation of his ruling position and the continuous expansion of his territory, his ambition to split the separatist regime is growing, and tsarist Russia also actively supports his rebellion. With the support of Russia, Alabotan constantly attacked the military towns such as Cobdo, Barkol (now Barkol, Xinjiang) and Hami, which were held by the Qing army, and sent troops into Tibet to carry out separatist and rebel activities. Because Kangxi sent troops into Tibet in time and cooperated with the Tibetan army to carry out encirclement and suppression, the rebel forces of Alabo and Tanzania were driven out of Tibet.
Nine sons seized power
In the 14th year of Kangxi (1675), Kang Xili's second brother was the Crown Prince (2 years old). Later, the crown prince became arrogant and formed a clique for personal interests. In the forty-second year of Kangxi (1703), Kangxi killed Sotu, and the relationship between father and son was tense. In the forty-seventh year of Kangxi (1708), Emperor Kangxi conferred the crown prince in Bulhasu Palace in Mulan paddock. Illegal Zude, not following my instructions, but insulting the public, violent and promiscuous? Reason, announced the abolition of the prince. Later, many bosses began to covet the throne.
The eldest brother Yin Zhai is the eldest son of an ordinary family and has never been liked by Kangxi. He knew there was no hope, so he asked Kangxi to wish Yin Si. What is the reason? Will it be expensive for warlock Zhang Mingde to taste Yun Si? He also said that he would kill Yin Ren for his father, which made Kangxi extremely chilling and severely reprimanded him, and at the same time he was prepared for Yin Si. At this time, Yin Zhi, the third brother, exposed that the mobile phone harmed Yin Mi in Yan Town, and Kangxi imprisoned the mobile phone. Kangxi was disgusted with Yin Si's collusion, so he was also detained and released.
In the forty-eighth year of Kangxi (1709), Yin Yong was restored as Prince in March. At the end of the fiftieth year of Kangxi, the defendant colluded with Qi Shiwu, the minister of punishments, Tuo Heqi, the commander of infantry, and Geng, the minister of war. In the fifty-first year of Kangxi (17 12), the prince was deposed again in September. After that, the abandoned prince was imprisoned to death. Yin Zhi, the third brother, saw this mess and voluntarily withdrew from the competition.
In May, Yin Si turned to support the May 4th Movement (the mother and brother of the May 4th Movement) and the governors on May 9th and 10th. May 13 was a vassal of Huang Hongfa, and May 4 was a vassal of Yin Zhen. Yin Zhen is a princeling. After the prince was just abolished, he dared to put in a good word for Yin. After the second abolition of Yin Yong, Yin Zhen saw that Yin Yong could never be rebuilt, and began to engage in cronyism and peep into the storage space. At this time, the Quartet Party headed by Yin Zhen and the Eight-leaf Party headed by Yin Si were formed.
Kangxi died in Qingxi Bookstore, Changchun Garden, Beijing on 6th1year (1722)1month13rd at the age of 69. In June1year and1October (166 1 February 5th-1722 12 February 20th). At that time, the May 4th Movement, supported by the Eight-Ye Party, was in the northwest and stayed in Beijing. Long Keduo, the commander of Kangxi's recent minister, announced that Kangxi's will announced that Yin Zhen would inherit the throne for Yong Zhengdi.
20 13 The new Liaoning Provincial Archives was exhibited for the first time on August 29th? Kangxi's will? , it says:? Yin Zhen, the fourth son of Prince Yong, is a man of noble character. He bowed deeply to me and will inherit the great unification. When I became emperor after I ascended the throne, I just followed the rules. On the 27th, he released his clothes and announced them to the world, and Xianshi heard about it. ?
The son of Emperor Kangxi
Yin Yan, the eldest brother, offended the emperor's father during the abolition of the prince, was knighted and lived in seclusion in the mansion. Emperor Kangxi sent Belle Yanshou and others to guard the prison in turn, and strictly ordered that those who were negligent in their duties should be ruled by their families. Yin Zhai has become a dead tiger and will never see the light of day again. In the twelfth year of Yongzheng (1734), he died and was buried with a gift from Beizi.
Second brother, abandoned Prince Yin Ren, was imprisoned in Xian 'an Palace. Yongzheng is still not at ease. On the one hand, he was named king of the county, on the other hand, he ordered to build a house in Zhengjiazhuang, Qixian County, Shanxi Province, and moved the Yin people to confinement. In the second year of Yongzheng (1724), Yin Ren died.
Yin Zhi, the third brother, was not very enthusiastic about the Crown Prince and devoted himself to compiling books, but he was also implicated. After Yongzheng ascended the throne, right? Are you close to the prince? Because of the reason, life? Guard Jingling? , sent to Zunhua as Kangxi Shouling. Yin Zhi is unhappy, and it is inevitable that she will complain privately. Yongzheng know, simply took the title of Yin Zhijun, imprisoned in jingshan yongan pavilion. In the tenth year of Yongzheng (1732), Yin Zhi died.
The fifth brother, Yin Qi, led Zhenghuangqi Camp when Emperor Kangxi personally marched into galdan, and was later named Prince Heng. Yin Qi did not form a political party, nor did it fight for storage. After Yongzheng ascended the throne, he used this as an excuse to cut his son's title. In the tenth year of Yongzheng (1732), Yin Qi died.
Seven elder brothers Ewing died in the eighth year of Yongzheng (1630).
Yin Gui, the eighth brother, is the best and most talented of the Yongzheng brothers. But? Sejong deeply regrets the attempt to abolish the Crown Prince and his succession. . After Yongzheng succeeded to the throne, Yin Gui and his followers were regarded as a thorn in the side and a thorn in the flesh. Yin CuO knows that he is often unhappy. Yongzheng succeeded to the throne and played a two-faced game: first named Yin Gui as the prince? His Fujin said to those who came to congratulate him: What is it? Worry inevitably leads the ear! ? This spread to Yongzheng and ordered Fujin to return to her family. Soon, under an excuse, Ginza knelt in front of the ancestral temple for a day and a night. Later, he was ordered to behead the crown prince, and the high wall circle was banned, so it was renamed? Aquinas? . ? Aquinas? Scholars have different interpretations of this word. What did they think before? Pigs? Recently, some scholars interpret it as? Shameless? . Ginza was imprisoned again, tortured and eventually killed.
Yin Gui, the ninth brother, was not allowed by Yongzheng because of his subordinate relationship with Yin Gui. Yin Yan knew it and said privately? I want to become a monk, go to hell! ? Yongzheng can't allow Yi Yin to become a monk! He arrested and imprisoned him on the pretext of removing the yellow belt and cutting down the genealogy. Change the name to? Seth Black? . ? Seth Black? What was this word before? Dogs? Recently, some scholars have interpreted it as? Shameless? . Soon, Yi Yin was sentenced to 28 counts, escorted to Baoding, locked mechanically, and ordered the governor of Zhili, Guli, to imprison him. Yin Yan was tortured in Baoding prison. Died of abdominal disease in a secluded place? Legend has it that it was poisoned.
The tenth brother, Yi Yin, was hated by Yongzheng because the party attached Yi Yin. In the first year of Yongzheng (1723), Zhebuzun Danba Hutuketu came to Beijing and died. He sent the shrine (kān) to Gurkha (now Mongolia * * * and China) and ordered Yin Zhi (j: and) to print books and give wine. Yin said that he was ill and could not move forward, so he lived in Zhangjiakou. In the same year, he was stripped of his title and brought back to the capital for detention. It was not until the second year of Qianlong (1737) that he was released and died.
Yin Jia, the twelfth brother, was appointed commander-in-chief of Manchuria with Huang Qi in the last years of Kangxi. He is highly valued and powerful, but he did not form a political party to seek a position. As soon as Yongzheng ascended the throne, he was named king of the county. Soon, the excuse was reduced to? Walking on a lonely mountain shell? That is, from the county king to Beizi, it is lower than Baylor, and it is not given a real title, but only enjoys Beizi treatment. Soon, he was reduced to Zhen Guogong. After Qianlong ascended the throne, he was named Prince by Jin. Compared with other brothers, this Yin family lived to be 78 years old in the 28th year of Qianlong (1763).
Yin Gui, the 14th brother, though a compatriot with Yongzheng, was rumored to have died before Kangxi died because of Yin Gui of his party? Hey? And Yongzheng party tampered with it? Yin Zhen? So they became sworn brothers. Yongzheng ascended the throne. First, he was not allowed to go to the city to mourn, and he was ordered to guard the mausoleum of Emperor Zunhua, and then his father and son were imprisoned around the Shouhuang Hall in Jingshan. After Gan Long succeeded to the throne, he was released.
The fifteenth brother Yin Zhen was ordered by Yongzheng to guard Jingling after the death of Emperor Kangxi.