Lishu is a Chinese font, including Qin Lishu and Han Li. It is generally believed that it is developed from seal script, with wide and flat font, long horizontal painting and short vertical painting, and pays attention to "swallow tail of silkworm head" and "twists and turns".
According to the unearthed bamboo slips, official script originated in Qin Dynasty, and Cheng Miao was also called official script. Han Li reached its peak in the Eastern Han Dynasty, inherited the tradition of seal script, and opened the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, which had a great influence on later calligraphy. The calligraphy circle is known as "Tang Kai of Han Li".
Since the mid-Western Han Dynasty, an independent official script form without seal script (including structure and strokes) has been completely formed. Typical examples are the first year of Wufeng (the first 57 years) of Xuandi in the Western Han Dynasty and the first year of Heping (the first 28 years) of Chengdi, which appeared in Liusha, Xixiang in this century.
Painted inscriptions on bamboo slips in the first year of Tianfeng (14), in the fourth year of Pingping in the Western Han Dynasty (4 years) and in the twelfth year of Yongping in the Eastern Han Dynasty (69 years) unearthed from Han tombs in Le Lang have not only completely changed their structures, but also are square or oblate in shape, and their strokes are more natural and horizontal, which is quite different from the vertical shape close to seal script.
Structural features of official script;
1, the glyph is divided left and right, which is contrary to the normal vertical trend of seal script, and changed to horizontal trend, resulting in the glyph still being flat, the strokes shrinking vertically, and strengthening the horizontal distribution.
2. Swallowtail of silkworm head is a typical feature of official script pen, especially in official script, the main pen is horizontal, and painting is almost always used in this way.
3. Turning a circle into a square and an arc into a straight are two basic methods to simplify seal script in official script. But if you don't know the circle of seal script, it is not easy to master the side of official script.
4. Change the painting into dots and break it. We know that there is no point in seal script, that is, the point used is just a dot. However, the points in the official script have been independent and no longer attached to painting, and the point method is increasingly rich, including flat points, vertical points, left and right points, 3.4 points and so on.
5. When writing seal script, there is no trace of vertical pen, while official script deliberately emphasizes the action of lifting pen, resulting in obvious changes in the thickness and inheritance of stroke trajectory, which is clearly reflected in the three processes of starting, walking and collecting pen.