: (1) Dahua reform (1 point); (2) Arabic numerals (1 point); Ancient Indians (1 point) (3) Peaceful exchanges (friendly exchanges); (1 point) War (violent conflict) (1 point)
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Test question analysis:
(1) This question is a picture material analysis question, testing students to learn from pictures Ability to gather information. According to Figure 1 and the title, it can be seen that it is a Japanese calligraphy work from the 9th century. This work is similar to Chinese calligraphy, reflecting the influence of Chinese culture on Japanese culture. This question is posed to examine Japan's Dahua reforms following China's Sui and Tang Dynasty systems. If you answer the question according to the meaning of the question, you can get points.
(2) This question is a picture material analysis question, which tests students’ ability to collect information from pictures. According to Figure 2 and the meaning of the question, it can be seen that it is an ancient Arabic numeral symbol. Arabic numerals are ten numerical symbols from 0 to 9 created by ancient Indians based on Sanskrit prefixes. They were later introduced to Europe by the Arabs and were called Arabic numerals by Europeans. According to this answer, the symbols in Figure 2 are Arabic numerals, which were invented by ancient Indians.
(3) This question is a summary of the analysis of picture materials. This question tests students’ comprehensive ability from the perspective of ancient civilization communication methods. There are two ways of ancient civilization communication, one is peaceful exchanges, and the other is It is war and conquest. According to Figures 1 and 2, it reflects that the way ancient civilization spread was the result of peaceful and friendly exchanges. This was the mainstream of ancient civilization exchanges. According to the question, answer Figures 1 and 2. It reflects that the way ancient civilization spread was peaceful. Friendly exchanges, in addition to war and conquest, were also the main ways of spreading ancient civilizations.