The calligraphy of the Song Dynasty "shangyi" changed from the traditional calligraphy style of "shangfa" since the Tang Dynasty, which focused on the expression of personal style and personality. This era created the four great masters of the Northern Song Dynasty, known as "Cai Su Huangmi". Su Shi is natural, Huang Tingjian is vigorous, Mi Fu is elegant, and Cai Xiang is subtle. Each has its own demeanor and can be called a masterpiece. The four schools of the Song Dynasty drew heavily on the heritage of the Jin and Tang Dynasties, and were determined to innovate, each with its own strengths. The beauty of the four families is fully revealed here.
Su Shi Su Shi, courtesy name Zizhan, also known as Dongpo Jushi, was a native of Meishan (now part of Sichuan). He, his father Su Xun, and his younger brother Su Zhe are famous for their poetry and prose, and are known as the "Three Sus" in the world. His calligraphy absorbed nutrients from the "Two Kings", Yan Zhenqing, Liu Gongquan, Chu Suiliang, Xu Hao, Li Beihai and Yang Ningshi, and worked hard to innovate on the basis of inheriting the tradition. When he talked about his calligraphy, he said: "The method of writing calligraphy requires limited knowledge and limited knowledge. In the end, the three cannot be perfect. I have both mind, eye and hand." When he talked about his calligraphy art creation process, he said: "I calligraphy There is no way to create what you want, so the dots and paintings can be made by hand." He focused on writing "meaning" and expressed his feelings in the dots and paintings written by "hands of hand".
Huang Tingjian Huang Tingjian, courtesy name Luzhi, also known as Valley Taoist, Fu Weng, was born in Fenning, Hongzhou (now Xiushui, Jiangxi), and was known as "Huangshan Valley" in the world. The poet of the Northern Song Dynasty, together with Zhang Lei, Chao Buzhi and Qin Guan, traveled to study under Su Shi's family. He was known as the "Four Scholars of the Su family" in the world and founded the Jiangxi Poetry School. Cursive calligraphy is highly praised by Zhang Xu and Huai Su for its flying and free charm, but also has its own style. The writing style is tight and sharp, with sharp and thin strength, strong momentum, and varied structure.
"Jing Fubo Shrine"
Huang Tingjian's calligraphy volume. It was written when Gu Gu was fifty-seven years old in the first year of Jingguo's reign. The title at the end of the volume says: "When I arrived in Huainan, I saw the old things and showed them. How can I compare with Huang Luzhi's calligraphy written by Yuan You?" This reflects his proud writing in his later years. Wen Zhengming of the Ming Dynasty commented on it: "It is really wonderful to break hairpins and leak holes in houses." There is a photocopy of it.
Mi Fu Mi Fu, courtesy name Yuan Zhang, lived in Taiyuan for a long time and later settled in Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province. Huizong was awarded a doctorate in calligraphy and painting, and was known as "Mi Nanguan". He was also known as "Mi Dian" because of his crazy behavior. "History of the Song Dynasty·Wenyuan Biography" said: "Fu Te is better than calligraphy and ink, calm and flying, and captures Wang Xian's brushstrokes." "Xuanhe Shupu" says of him: "Most of his calligraphy is imitated by Xizhi, his poetry is after Li Bai, and the seal script is a historical hoop, which is suitable for the master. Official; he said, "Those who are good at calligraphy only have one stroke, and I only have four sides." Those who knew it understood this. When Fang Fu was writing, people were trying to sell them as treasures." He was inheriting the calligraphy tradition of "Two Kings". After hard work, one can enter the palace. He can write in Zhen, Cao, Li, Zhuan and Xing, but is particularly good at Xing'an.
Cai Xiang Cai Xiang, courtesy name Junmo. He was originally from Guangzhou, lived in Xianyou (now part of Fujian Province), and moved to Futian. He became a bachelor in Duanming Palace and knew Hangzhou. He was given the posthumous title Zhonghui. Gong Zheng, Xing, Cao, Li Shu, and can also fly white script. He tried to use loose brush to make cursive script, which is called "San Cao" or "Fei Cao". The world ranks Cai Xiang first in running script, second in small regular script, and third in cursive script.