It goes without saying that both Daxue and The Doctrine of the Mean advocate "a gentleman is cautious about independence", and Mawangdui's silk book and Guodian bamboo slips "Five Elements" also emphasize "a gentleman is cautious about independence".
Neo-Confucianism in Song and Ming Dynasties directly used the word "cautious independence".
Zheng Xuan interprets The Doctrine of the Mean, and interprets "cautious independence" as "cautious independence for what it does and what it doesn't do", while Zhu thinks that "independence" is "a place where people don't know but only know".
Mr. Liang Shuming believes that "Confucianism is only a cautious independence", which is even worse than Zhu and Yang Ming and even the most cautious independence.
In recent years, the research on "cautious independence" has attracted the attention of scholars, and Zheng Xuan and Zhu's comments on "cautious independence" are even more controversial. In my opinion, besides The Great Learning, The Doctrine of the Mean, Bamboo Slips and Five Elements, we should also look at four places: First, the original meaning of the word "cautious independence"; Second, the discussion of prudence and independence in other works; Third, other thoughts related to prudence and independence; Fourthly, exegesis outside Zheng Xuan and Zhu. After careful investigation, we will find that the "independence" of a gentleman does not refer to his situation, but refers to his personality: "inaction", "powerless" and "unchanging", which transcends his own situation and is not ashamed even in the face of his own shadow.
Cuckoo's "children" are hatched and raised by hosts such as sparrows and grey magpies, but their nature cannot be changed, let alone a gentleman! "Treating independence cautiously" means "valuing" that independence, "conforming" that independence, "guarding" that independence and "worrying" that independence-in short, we should take our personality seriously.
"Cautious" is not cautious, burdensome, timid, and forward-looking, but just does not talk about conditions, is hearty, does not seek outside, and moves forward lightly.
Investigate the theory of cautious independence, which will affect the whole body.
I don't want to be superficial today, I just want to make a statement. Cautious, smooth, heavy, thoughtful, sincere and serious.
Be careful between the two ends. Caution means caution, but there is a subtle difference between caution and weight.
The earliest Confucian scholars taught "prudence" to be "shun".
Zhu's Shuo Wen Tong Xun Ding Sheng Kun Bu said: "Be careful and learn from it.
"Shun" means "heavy", which means that value is the premise of success. "Cautious" training is "attention", which has its origin.
Xunzi flies: "Treasure, treasure, preciousness and divinity.
"Yang Qi notes" God ":"I dare not slow down.
"Er Ya Shi": "Shen Shen".
Hao Yixing's Er Ya Yi Shu quoted Yang Shu as saying: "If you don't dare to slow down, you should be cautious".
"Dare not slow down" means paying attention and being serious.
It can be seen that "slow" is the antonym of "cautious".
Wang Niansun used "valuing and valuing" to explain what Xunzi ChristianRandPhillips said.
Interpretation of Erya: "God, ratio, impulse and empathy".
Wang Niansun and other scholars believe that "weight" is the weight of respect and severe weight.
It can be seen that it is no problem to train caution with "key points". The so-called caution or caution, its premise must be value.
"Caution" means from "heart" to "truth", and the word "earnest" is the most appropriate explanation.
This is not invented by the author, but can be quoted from the classic judgment.
Jade Heart: "Caution, thinking also".
Dialect Volume 1: "Cautious, thinking, Qin Jin is still cautious.
The way of thinking is also cautious.
"Thinking" itself is a serious, cautious and prudent attitude, but its focus lies in "mind", that is, understanding.
And "caution" has a "true" or "sincere" side.
"Shi Xiaoya's Clever Words" has the words of "being cautious but not guilty" and "being cautious but not guilty".
Mao Chuan: "Prudence, sincerity".
Yu Yue's "Group Classics": "The combination of abstinence, truth and antiquity.
Learning the Analects of Confucius contains Ceng Zi's words: "Be cautious and pursue the future, and people's morality will return to thick.
Liu Baonan's The Analects of Justice: "Er Ya Shi": "Caution, sincerity.
Shuowen:' Caution, sincerity'.
"Sincerity" and "sincerity" are the same meaning.
Ceng Zi also said in the Book of Rites: "Anyone who is buried for three days must be sincere and trustworthy, and cannot regret it.
Buried in March, whoever attaches the coffin is sincere, believe it, and don't regret it.
"Liu Baonan's" The Analects of Justice "thinks that this is" cautious. "
"That is to say, we should treat burial, burial and other funeral matters seriously and sincerely, but we should not get twice the result with half the effort and be insincere, so that the virtue of ordinary people will also become kind.
The combination of "thinking" and "being true" means "being serious".
Caution and carelessness often lead to diametrically opposite results. "A gentleman thinks he knows a word, but actually thinks he doesn't know a word. Do not be careless. "
"Words and deeds, the gentleman cardinal, cardinal, Lord of honor and disgrace.
Words and deeds, the reason why a gentleman moves heaven and earth can be sloppy. "Therefore," be careful between the two ends. "
"Huai Nan Zi Miao Zi said": "The poem says:' The only son flatters Hou Shende'.
Shen Dewei is big, but one person is small.
If you can be good at small things, you can be good at big things.
"
Independent, unique and unique personality that people don't have.
See "independence" at both ends.
Everyone says "independence" and "Shuowen": "Alone, dogs fight each other.
Sheep are a group, and dogs are the only one.
"Duan Yucai's Note:" Dogs are aggressive, but aggressiveness is unique.
"This is probably not the original meaning of" independence ".
Because dogs don't live in groups, but "dogs fight against people" is the least independent.
"Orthography is all about": "viceroy, Lei Hu.
Like an ape but a little bigger.
Gender groups are unique.
"
Unique and especially synonymous.
Guang Ya Shi is "special and unique".
"Zhuangzi's Theory of All Things": "I will travel far and stop now; Sit down today and get up.
Why is there no special exercise? "This is the shadow asking why there is no independent ethics.
A book: "special, unique".
"The Book of Rites": "The son of heaven has no interface and sacrifices to heaven.
Chen Geng said, "special, unique", "courtesy, courtesy" and "Gui Zhang, special".
Chen Geng said, "Jade is precious, and it is not valued by other things, so it is called special and used alone."