Novices often use the experience of writing brush characters, and use the pen to go straight, not paying attention to priorities, hiding the front and revealing the front. The written words are like sticks, which are the result of not knowing how to use a pen. It can be seen that the pen is the most important content in calligraphy learning.
Zhao Meng said, "The foundation of calligraphy is to use a pen". (The Thirteen Postscripts of Lanting) Because the stippling of calligraphy is directly produced with a pen, learning to use a pen will also master the key to calligraphy.
There was a lot of discussion about using pens before, but some of them were mysterious. In fact, using a pen is only a means to control stippling lines, and training with a pen is to cultivate the ability to control strokes. As long as we analyze the following brushwork, we will understand that using a pen is not as unfathomable as the ancients said.
First, start the pen and collect the pen:
Starting a pen, writing a pen and collecting a pen refer to the whole process of writing pen tip movement. Writing any kind of stippling has to go through three stages, namely "twists and turns". The so-called "reverse entry, unsmooth lines and tight closing" is the key to these three pen methods.
To start the pen backwards means to start the pen backwards, thinking left first and then right, thinking down first. That is, draw horizontally and write vertically, and draw vertically and write horizontally. Even if you write some color, you have to go against the trend. Like long jump, you have to advance and retreat, like boxing, you have to stretch first and then shrink, so the pen is particularly powerful. Calligraphy is the most taboo and straightforward.
Writing "not smooth" means that the writer artificially creates a force that hinders the movement of the pen tip, and at the same time overcomes this force to move forward. The ancients vividly compared this brushwork to "leak marks". If the front floats on the paper and there are too many letters, the ink will not enter the paper, and the stippling will be slippery and weak.
The pen should be "tightly closed", that is, the front of the pen should be tightly wrapped to close the pen, that is, the pen should be drooped and contracted, and the pen should be closed from right to left. Even if the front of the pen is exposed when the pen is closed, the pen should be controlled and the strength should reach the end of the pen.
Second, pen to pen:
To lift a pen is to lift it with the tip of a pen, but it does not leave the paper. The stippling lines written are thinner and more uniform.
Pressing the pen, as opposed to lifting the pen, means that the pen tip is pressed down, so that the stippling written by injecting paper under the ink becomes thicker.
Lifting and pressing are vertical movements of the pen tip. There is a press in the pen, and there is a lift in the press; Press it, press it. This change of lifting and pressing is rapid, coherent and alternating, and the action is very subtle. The conversion and adjustment of brush strokes, the lightness and fineness of stippling, depend on the cooperation of lifting and pressing. With good brushstrokes, the stippling written is clear in weight, positive and energetic, with a strong sense of rhythm and full of feelings. Calligraphy is the most taboo, regardless of weight, stiff and inflexible.
Third, turn the pen and fold the pen:
Turning the pen means turning the pen tip horizontally instead of turning the pen tube. At the turning point of a pen, a pen or a pen, the pen is kept upright, and the force is uniform, and a round stippling without square edges and corners is written when it turns.
The action form of folding the front is similar to that of turning the front, except that at the turning point of starting, closing or writing, you have to fold the front and write a square and sharp stippling.
Rotating pen and folding pen are two forms of rotating motion that change the running direction of the pen tip. "Rounding" and "Folding": Turn the front face into a round pen and fold the front face into a Fang Bi. Round pen stippling does not expose edges and corners; Fang Bi stippling is square and angular; Both of them are the basic forms of calligraphy in appearance, and they are also important features that distinguish calligraphy styles. energy
"Continued Book Spectrum" said: "Those who participate in the book should be round, and those who are round should be square, which is wonderful." When using a pen, "there must be a turning point". When using a pen, it is best to be hard with both hands in Fiona Fang.
Fourth, the late stage of the disease:
Writing must not be a mechanical uniform motion, the pen is fast and slow. Writing fast and writing late refers to the speed at which the pen tip moves. The stippling effect written at different stroke speeds is also different. For example, the hasty stroke position is awkward, but the later strokes are tight.
State of war. However, the writing speed is relative, and its speed depends on stippling and font, which cannot be generalized. Generally speaking, skimming is faster than pressing, and writing horizontally is slower than writing vertically. Writing official script is faster than seal script, and writing regular script is slower than writing cursive script. The speed of the pen should be measured and used flexibly. Zhu Yunming said: "It is not too late to use a pen, but it is slow and arrogant; Don't be too sick. If you are sick, you are afraid that you will have no momentum. " (Quoted from Calligraphy Research) It is best to practice calligraphy for the first time "rather late than fast", otherwise "haste makes waste".
5. Center winger
Center, also known as forward, refers to a form of movement in which the tip is at the center of stippling. The central stroke is straight and upright, "making the pen center always move in stippling", and the stippling written by ink evenly permeates is round, three-dimensional and three-dimensional. The so-called "painting sand like a cone" by the ancients is a metaphor for this image. Seal script and regular script are often written like this.
Lateral front, also known as oblique front, refers to a form of movement in which the pen tip is placed obliquely on the paper when writing. When writing, or from side to middle, or from middle to side, or from side to end, so the stippling written is full of ups and downs, which is common in cursive works.
Center and flank are two basic strokes that depend on each other and coexist. Without wings, there is no center. But always emphasize the center and avoid the winger. Some even require "the pen is centered" and regard the winger as a "failure". However, it is often difficult to meet this requirement in the actual process of using pens, especially for cursive scripts with fast strokes. Judging from the writing effect, looking at the pen and ink of famous calligraphers in the past dynasties, its intriguing point is often in the comparative use of the center and the flank (Figure 55). Therefore, we think it is biased to overemphasize the center and completely exclude the winger. Professor Shang Chengzuo also thinks: "The emphasis on the central restricted area should be broken." ("My Experience in Learning Calligraphy")
Six, the Tibetan front exposed front:
Hidden front is to write stippling, hide the head and protect the tail, and not show the edge. The pen tip is hidden in stippling, that is, the pen is written against the front, the pen is written from the center, and the pen is collected from the back. "The pen is neat and the front end is hidden." Be sure to pay attention to the pen tube when using a pen. "hiding the front to cover up its qi" gives people a feeling of spiritual connotation.
Expose the front, refers to the written stippling, brush strokes exposed, such as skimming, taking, hooking, lifting and other brush strokes. Lu Feng is also used to express the echo relationship between painting and line payment. "Exposing the front and keeping the spirit straight" gives people a feeling of spiritual exposure.