Daofen's disciple, Zong Yan, was born in Xing Wu (now Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province). He is quite aware of the samadhi of Taoism, Fen Shu Shi, and his brushwork is vigorous and impressive when painting. "Famous Paintings of Past Dynasties" is also recorded.
Zhihui, a painting monk who was a little later than Daofen, was born in Shaanxi. He was a monk in Luoyang Zhongtan Bathroom.
There was also Daojun, a landscape painting monk. Zhu Jingxuan's Records of Famous Paintings in the Tang Dynasty said that his landscapes could be natural.
Faming, a painting monk in Tongzhou (now Dali County) in Shaanxi, was good at writing appearances and was once called into the forbidden city by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. See "Famous Paintings of Past Dynasties".
The painter Zhi Yan and Gui Shi, who live in Kaifeng, are famous for their paintings of Buddhist group portraits in Sokokuji. Zhi Yan's Three-way Causal Path Diagram, Master Gui's Nine-door Interpretation of Van di wang, and the Inner Wall of the East Gallery's Twenty-eight Grades of Merits and Virtues, all of which are called a unique skill of Sokokuji by contemporary people because of their colorful characters and wonderful pictures. Guo Ruoxu's "Picturesque" contains his story.
The painting monks in the late Tang Dynasty were quite unique, such as Jiang Monks, and were famous for being good at painting pine trees. When Nuo Zong (reigned in 1983-1988), he painted giant pine murals for the Chuanjing Academy, which made people feel like the sound of Wen Songtao. Zheng Gu, a famous poet, is full of poetry. In Yuntai Compilation, there is a poem praising the exquisite painting skills of monk Jiang.
The monk emblem of the South China Sea (now Guangzhou, Guangdong Province) is famous for painting dragons, and the painted head hides the tail, which is quite fascinating.
In the Tang Dynasty, there were also some painting monks who were versatile and good at mathematics, such as Zhi Gui. The Book of Famous Paintings in Past Dynasties said that he was good at landscapes, ghosts and gods, and his paintings were neat. Another example is Chu 'an, a native of Shifang (now Sichuan Province) in Shuzhou. He is not only good at drawing figures and pavilions, but also great and small. For example, there are large-scale murals and small pieces of round fans in the Summer Palace of Ming Emperor Xing Hua Qing Palace and the Suzhou Terrace of Wu Wang Banquet. Although the size is different, but the kung fu is not reduced, it is praised by the princes as a wonderful pen. See Huang Xiufu's Yizhou Painting Record; Another example is Ming Jie, a monk from Puguang Temple in the capital, whose common surname is Yao. Shi Daoxuan's Biography of Continued Monks says that he is good at piano, chess, calligraphy and painting, and is famous in Beijing. All of the above shows the activity of painting monks in the Tang Dynasty.
Ju Ran in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms is the most famous. According to Xuan He Hua Pu, he is a native of Jiangning (now Nanjing, Jiangsu Province), lives in Kaiyuan Temple in Jinling (now Nanjing, Jiangsu Province), and is a disciple of Dong Yuan, a master of landscape painting. When the Southern Tang Dynasty was destroyed in the Song Dynasty (1975), he followed Li Houzhu to Bianjing (now Kaifeng City, Henan Province) and lived in Kaibao Temple, where he became famous for his superb painting skills. He was invited to create the mural of "The Little Scenery of Yan Lan" for the Bachelor's College.
Hui Jian, a landscape painter in Houshu, was a monk of the Third College in Guangzheng (938-965). He was invited by Chengdu Dasheng Ci Temple to paint the mural "The Picture of the King of Wu Banquet in Gusutai", which was full of people, beautiful scenery, magnificent momentum and very peaceful. "Yizhou Famous Paintings Record" is about it.
after that, the envoys of the post-Shu dynasty were also better at Buddhist portraits. He is a native of Guanghan, Sichuan. He painted large murals for xingguo temple Bathroom Hospital, Third College of Dasheng Ci Temple, Jiedi Hall, etc., and is famous for the figure of Damocles.
Hui Chong, a landscape painter in the early Northern Song Dynasty, was the best. He is a native of Jianyang, Fujian, and is good at writing poems. He is known as the "Nine Poets Monk" with Zanning and Yuanwu. Hui Chong is good at painters, especially outstanding. The paintings of Hanting Yuanzhu and Yanyu Luyan show the image of desolation and emptiness in the rural areas of the south of the Yangtze River, which is full of ease.
In the early Song Dynasty, there was also a monk Xiufan who was famous for painting Taihu Stone. He was from Runzhou (now Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province). The painted lake stones are like clouds, or like waves, strange and changeable, but exquisite and unique. It contains Deng Chun's "Painting Following".
In the middle of Northern Song Dynasty, Jiangyin was famous for being good at painting water. He once painted a water picture for the lintel of the Fatang in Guangfu Temple, Jiangyin. According to "Jiangyin Xinzhi", the water he painted was either whitewashed and surging; Or rippling in the waves, spring water is like the sky, and there is a kind of cleverness and informality, which is called "like micro-water".
The landscape painting monks in the late Northern Song Dynasty were Dezheng from Liyang (now a county in Anhui Province), then moved to Wuxian (now a city in Suzhou, Jiangsu Province) and lived in Leishi Temple in Lushan Mountain in his later years. I like to visit famous mountains and rivers, and when I return home, I paint what I see as a lying tour, with elegant painting style and poetic flavor. He works as a sketch artist, and he has the charm of Li Gonglin. See Wu County Records for details.
b, figure painting monk
The direction of figure painting is the strength of painting monks, and the Northern Song Dynasty is no exception. Monks who are good at painting portraits are those who lived in the capital in the early Song Dynasty, and they were from the time of Zhenzong (reigned in 1998-122). Lin Bu, a hermit in Gushan, West Lake, wrote Poems of Lin Hejing, which praised his painting skills:
Forbidden monasteries for offering sacrifices, such as learning from teachers.
Another painter, Pingshangren, once painted a portrait of Li Gou, a great scholar, which was very charming. Li Gou's Xu Jiang Ji has a poem to thank it.
The emperors of the Northern Song Dynasty liked to ask painters to paint the imperial capacity. When Emperor Taizong was in power from 1976 to 1997, Sokokuji, a monk in Beijing, was called to take a picture of the emperor, and was praised by Emperor Taizong for his skill. He also painted bamboo, and Liu Daochun's Review of Famous Paintings in the Holy (Song) Dynasty said that he was a pioneer in bamboo painting with Tang Xiya and Dong Yu of the Five Dynasties.
When Injong was in power from 123 to 163, Wei Zhen, a monk from Jiahe (now Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province), was called to Beijing to paint the imperial capacity, saying that he was very generous, and at that time, celebrities and dignitaries were proud of his portrait. For details, please refer to "Pictures and Stories". According to Painting Following, Miao Shan, a monk, also ordered a portrait of the emperor, and Su Dongpo gave it a poem. According to the Records of Gengyin's Plays on the Main Road, when Zhezong was in power from 186 to 111, a monk in Chengdu was auspicious, and his common surname was Su Dongpo, and Su loved it, and his topic was like a cloud:
If his eyes were newborn calves, his heart was like a boat that was not tied to it.
if you want to ask about your life's achievements, you can learn from Yazhou, Huizhou, Huangzhou.
Buddhist figure painting monks in the Northern Song Dynasty are also very skilled. Tansu, a native of Jiangyin, once painted "Liang Wudi Calling Zhang Sengyou to Write a Disguised Map of Zhigong" for the back wall of Xiyuan Hall in Guangfu Temple, Jiangyin in Jiayou (156-163). His brushwork was vigorous and he was full of pride, and the audience was amazed. It contained "Jiangyin New Records". Wuxian people are good at drawing arhats, and there is a picture of 5 arhats, which is vivid in form and has its own personality. Qin Guan compared him to Dai Kui, a great painter in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, who wrote Wu County Records. Zhiping, a monk of Qingliang Temple in Chengdu, is famous for his good at painting Guanyin. He once painted Guanyin statue for Pu Xian Pavilion of the Land and Water Institute, which was quite kind and dignified. The monks in Chengdu Bailing Institute are empty, and they also make murals for the Pu Xian Pavilion of the Land and Water Institute. Besides the figures, they also work as landscapes; Huayang, Chengdu (now Chengdu, Sichuan Province) painted Zhou Chun, a monk, and Li Gonglin, a Buddha master, without Zhu Bifu's dyeing, but with a sketch; He also has flowers, birds and mountains, and puts forward the theory that painting and calligraphy are interlinked. For the above three paintings of monks, see Painting Succession.
Third, the monk who painted flowers and birds
In the early Northern Song Dynasty, the monk who painted flowers and birds flourished in Jiangnan. For example, Meng Xiu, who has the same name as a monk in the late Tang Dynasty, can make flowers, birds and bamboo stones with a trembling posture, flying to Bai Mo for fun, alternating between reality and reality, and being particularly smart, giving people a beautiful enjoyment; Another example is Piling (now Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province), where people live in Ning, and the grass insects painted are vigorous and elegant, simple and interesting. There is a poem in Mei Yaochen's Collection of Mr. Wan Ling, which says:
Ning Xin is truly endowed by God, and sitting makes people fall.
In the middle and late Northern Song Dynasty, the monk who painted flowers and birds was not in a corner of the south of the Yangtze River, but there was a Jianyang man who was good at painting flowers and birds as described in Painting. Yunzhou (now Gao 'an County, Jiangxi Province), which is good at painting Mei Zhu, is good at painting the history of Mo Zhu (now Jiading City, Sichuan Province) and humane, and Jiajiang, who is good at painting insects, is conscious. Xi Bai, a Changsha native who is good at drawing lotus flowers, etc., contained in "Painting History Meeting"; Zhong Ren, a good painter of plum blossoms in Huang Tingjian's Valley Collection, is the best among his peers.
Zhongren lived in Huaguang Temple in Hengzhou (now Hengyang City, Hunan Province), so it was named Huaguang. He loves the nobleness of plum blossoms, so he plants plum trees all around the temple. Every time the flowers are in full bloom, he moves his bed under the plum blossoms and recites them all day. Occasionally, I saw the thin shadow in front of the window on a moonlit night, which was so lovely that I spread paper and ink to draw the shape of plum blossoms, so my painting skills made great progress and became higher and higher. Zhongren painted plums, changing Fu Cai into ink and wash, and it was very elegant. Huazhen was very appreciative of this unique initiative, and he wrote in Yunxi Jushi Collection? The poem titled Zhong Ren Mo Juan Plum Blossoms says:
The world paints Mei Fudan powder, while the monk paints Mei Yun ink and wash;
the shallow cage is dyed high and low, and the cigarette glue is turned in Yao Hua color.
The program of Cold Branches and Scales is old, and it seems that the war is high and the wind is falling.
Three Cang and two pens are not annoying, and the letter is half open as the sun.
It's dangerous to sparse the powder and yellow, and sweep the incense lightly and forcefully.
Write the spring news clearly without waiting for the solitary root to warm up.
Zhong Ren's works spread to Japan, and Juntai Temple contains his plum and bamboo paintings. See Japan's Account of Juntai Temple. There are also many artists in Zhongren, such as Yang Buzhi, a native of Qingjiang, Jiangxi Province, who painted a monk, Song Qi, and called a gentleman. Yang Buzhi's disciple painted a monk Renji, whose word is Ze Weng, whose common surname is Tong, and he is good at ink and plum. He can be called Zhongren's second disciple, and he also works as a landscape bamboo stone, which has a blue victory. For details, see Pictorial Treasures and so on.
Ding and other painting monks
Among the painting monks in the Northern Song Dynasty, there was a master painter of dragon water who passed down from ancient times. He was a native of Siming (now Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province). Because he lived on the seashore, he learned a lot about the waves, and his pen and ink were brilliant, and he was good at winding like a dragon. Jianlong (196-1962) was famous for a while. The Imperial Academy has its painted dragon water screen, which seems to have the sound of dragons and waves, and the time number is the last word. According to Xuan He Hua Pu, there are as many as 31 frames in the imperial house alone. The ancient dharma followers were merciful, uncolored and graceful, and all of them were good at painting dragon water, each with its own beauty and sound in the painting world.
4. A painting monk in the Southern Song Dynasty
A landscape painting monk
After Song Nandu, the political situation was a little peaceful, and the imperial court resumed the painting academy in Lin 'an (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province). After more than 1 years, because there was no war in the south, the economy was prosperous, and religion and painting also developed to a certain extent. In the early days, landscape painting monks were famous for their long teachers. His style of painting is simple, and his intention wins, which is recorded in Zheng Gangzhong's Collected Works of Beishan. In Chunxi (1174-189), Lao Wu, a monk, painted mountains and rivers like Ju Ran, which was plain and naive. There was a poem in Qiu Zhuzhai's Poems.
Dezhi, a landscape painting monk in the mid-Southern Song Dynasty, was born in Jiangxi Province. He was proficient in calligraphy, painting and poetry. He once painted landscape paintings for the left and right walls of Lushan Mountain, and Zhu Xi wrote poems for it. For details, see Painting History Meeting.
in the late southern song dynasty, ruofen was the most influential monk in landscape painting. his name was Zhongshi, and he was from Wuzhou (now Jinhua, Zhejiang). A teenager has been a monk, traveling in rivers and lakes for forty years, and the mountains and rivers are all over the place. In his later years, he lived in Shangtianzhu Temple, Hangzhou, and poured his heart and soul into the pen. His works were bold and unrestrained, concise and dripping with ink, and turned into magnificent and shocking. Jin Luxiang's Collected Works of Renshan, Wang Bai's Collection of Luzhai and Wu Shidao's Collection of Wu Li Bu all contain poems. Ruofen's paintings "Lushan Mountain Map" and "Yuan Pu Gui Fan Map" are now hidden in Japan and are deeply loved by Japanese audiences.
The monk in Huiji is detached, and he is a landscape painter in the late Song Dynasty. The peaks and peaks of his paintings are like Guo Xi's, and many of them are majestic in the north. Shuikou, houses, forests and rocks, and sloping beaches are all caused by scattered hills in the south, and people are like Ju Ran. Also draw figures and bamboo pictures, see "Drawing a Treasure".
b, figure painting monk
Xing Wu monk Fan Long was a famous figure painter in the Southern Song Dynasty. He is a prolific poet, and he has no name to live in. The Buddha statues he painted win with a high-profile hairspring, and his pen and ink are far away, which is quite like Li Gonglin. Song Gaozong (reigned in 1127-1162) was very fond of his paintings. Every time he saw them, he wrote something about them, and gave the nunnery a place in Wansongling Jindi Mountain near the Forbidden Garden. Lu You recorded it in Weinan Anthology.
Deyuan, a monk who painted in Jiangxi a little later than Van Loon, is also good at drawing figures. He has a picture of the third birthday, which depicts the old man's high life and gives people a sense of happiness and kindness. Prime Minister Zhou Bida's "Pingyuan Collection" has a gift to the cloud:
The portrait of Dan Qing has been written in Xiangshan, and the recitation of Luo is still handed down by the auxiliary ink.
Another painting monk from Jiangxi, Master Hui, was seated in nanzenji, Jishui. He studied painting in Hangzhou and was famous for being good at protecting the statue of the heavenly king. See Wen Tianxiang's Wenshan Collection.
Third, the monk who painted flowers and birds
In the early Southern Song Dynasty, the monk who painted flowers and fruits was famous for his skill in painting flowers and fruits. The grapes he made were crystal clear and fresh, which made people salivate. Chen Zao was presented with the poem "The Picture of Pu Tao by the Title Master", which contained Chen's "Longevity Collection in Jianghu". Tongxi (now Shengxian County, Zhejiang Province) painted a monk, Ying Shangren, famous for his good painting of plum blossoms, and praised Lu You for his poems. Guangren, who lives in Nanyue (now Hengyang City, Hunan Province), is also famous for painting plums, and Zhang Wei, a master of Taoism, has painted paintings for them, all of which can be found in Poems with Paintings.
The monk Fa, who painted flowers and birds in the late Southern Song Dynasty, was always outstanding. His name was muxi, and his common surname was Xue. He was from Sichuan and lived in Wannian Temple in Tiantai Mountain, Zhejiang Province. Rich in a sense of justice, he was persecuted for attacking Jia Sidao, the power minister, for his mistake in his country. Dharma is often a disciple who is not allowed to draw monks. He is good at drawing apes and cranes, dragons and tigers, landscapes and figures, all of which are written with essays and works. The interest is simple and far-reaching, and the shape is perfect. Sketching fruit is especially skillful and interesting. Wu Taisu's "Song Zhai Mei Pu" and Zhuang Su's "Painting Following and Supplementing" all narrate the matter. The works of Master and Apprentice, which were not allowed, were spread to Japan during the reign of Nalizong (1225-11264). Today, Dade Temple in Tokyo has the Buddhist paintings of Apes and Guanyin Statue. Fa Chang's paintings have a great influence on Japanese Zen paintings, so they are listed as national treasures or important cultural property in Japan.
Luo Chuang, who lives in Liutong Temple in West Lake, Hangzhou, is similar in painting and meaning to Fa Chang, and has a lot of Zen interest, and its influence has spread far and wide to Japan. The Japanese monarch watches and collects his works. See "Notes on the Left and Right Account of Juntai View".
In addition, there is a monk who is good at painting plum blossoms. Zhao Mengjian's Plum Tree called it plum blossom, with thick branches and beautiful flowers, which is very interesting for both work and intention. Tie Jian is good at painting ink bamboo. Peng Yuncan's Notes on Geng Yan Tian Zhai said that poets in Song and Yuan Dynasties chanted many questions about his ink bamboo. Yuanwu,no. Kuya, a native of Fuzhou, lives in Kai Shan Yuan in Chong 'an, and is friendly with Zhu Xi. His paintings of bamboo stones are often praised by Zhu Xi. For details, see Fuzhou Official Records.
Ding, other painting monks
Lou Key's Collection of Attacking Roses, a monk from Lingyin Temple in Hangzhou, Zhirong was a painting monk in the early Southern Song Dynasty, with a common surname of Xing and a name of Yun, who was born in Kaifeng. After crossing the south, he became a monk, and he was good at painting dragons, cows, etc., with only a few strokes, but he saw both form and spirit. Niutu is especially lively and lovely, so it is named "Old Niu".
There were many painting monks in the Song Dynasty who were active in painting circles. For example, the monk of landscape painting has the ambition of Sichuan, the wisdom of Chengdu's four heavenly palaces, the wisdom of Suining, the true wisdom of Hangzhou, Zhejiang, and the Ming River of lost nationality; Monks in figure painting include Daohong of Emei, Sichuan, Shaozu of Daojiang (now Guanxian County, Sichuan Province), Zhiping and his disciples of Qingliang Temple in Chengdu, Zuying of Immortal Zunyuan in Chengdu, Minxing of Pengcheng (now Tongshan County, Jiangsu Province), Renxuan of Yongjia, Zhejiang Province, Zhishi, Yanshen, and Shangzuo. The flower-and-bird painting monk has the true benefit of losing his family, and the Huizhou boat of Changqing Temple in West Lake, Hangzhou, etc., because the literature only contains its events, but does not detail its southern and northern song dynasties, so it is listed here to see the prosperity of the painting monk in the Song Dynasty.
5. Painting Monks in the Yuan Dynasty
Although the Yuan Dynasty was less than a hundred years ago,