Example 1:
I still remember that 10 years ago, a university teacher organized the whole class to go to a museum in Shanghai to see an exhibition. The collection in the museum is very exciting, and everyone raised their cameras to choose angles and take pictures of details. At this time, several security guards came over.
My classmates and I put away our cameras in a panic. Unexpectedly, the security guards smiled at us and raised their hands: "That one looks good. Go take a picture!" "At that moment, I really felt flattered.
Ten years have passed. As mobile phones have gradually replaced cameras, and as people have gradually developed the habit of visiting museums, whether they should take photos in museums has become a hot topic in society. Recently, the British National Gallery broke a long-standing ban and began to allow visitors to take photos in the venue. Sarah Crompton, editor-in-chief of the art section of The Daily Telegraph, wrote an article on the matter, criticizing the museum’s policy. “The policy of allowing photography in the exhibition hall caters to passers-by, but betrays all those who long to gaze and contemplate. Audiences."
Everyone has different opinions on the topic of whether photography is allowed in museums. Some viewers believe that, as a public space, the museum should certainly be allowed to take photos, provided that the sound and flash are turned off. Some people also believe that even if the flash is turned off, taking pictures will still damage the cultural relics and cause inconvenience to other viewers. Some high-definition pictures can be posted on the museum's website for those in need to download. However, due to various reasons, the pictures on the Internet are often not accurate, and the exhibition albums are expensive. For those who have research needs, they may prefer to record them with their own cameras.
In fact, today, when most museums have allowed photography, whether to take a photo or not is not just a matter of policy, but a matter of personal choice. If we observe for a while in the museum, it is not difficult to find that there are three types of visitors. One is just looking at the flowers, coming and going in a hurry, rushing to take a picture in front of the "treasure of the museum" , and then use scissor hands to take a selfie of yourself and cultural relics, and post it on your circle of friends "Here
Take a tour"; the second is to select multiple angles for a work with a specific research purpose. , take pictures of the entire scenery and details, and take them home to appreciate them carefully; third, simply don’t bring a camera, just stop and linger, watch quietly or have a heated discussion, and leave with satisfaction after watching.
When we come to a museum and before raising the camera and pressing the shutter, should we first ask ourselves, what kind of audience do I belong to?
Example 2: Taking pictures is also a visit
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Wang Chuan (Vice Chairman of Jiangsu Zhenjiang Federation of Literary and Art Circles and Painter)
A few days ago, I just came back from the Mogao Grottoes Museum, where I had a negotiation with them about taking pictures. . You are not allowed to take pictures in the cave, I understand, and you are not allowed to take pictures of the replicas either. I said it was for research, but it didn't work; I wanted to write a manuscript, but it didn't work; it didn't work even if I turned off the flash; I wasn't allowed to take pictures, so I got really angry.
Of course, this is not only true at home, but also abroad. Most museums allow photography, but there are also many that do not. The Louvre is allowed, even if you take pictures of the "Mona Lisa", but the Musee d'Orsay is not allowed. The "Van Gogh Exhibition" is being held inside, but you are not allowed to bring a camera. , only allowed to take long-distance shots in the cafe outside the exhibition hall. Not even the Prado Gallery in Madrid, even though it is holding a "Goya Special Exhibition". It's okay to take pictures at the National Gallery in Washington and the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York. However, the Art Gallery of Ontario, which is smaller than them, is much stricter. As long as you take out your camera, it is equivalent to committing a crime. The law must be taken back immediately. I was forced to draw and write quickly.
It seems that not all museums or art galleries in the world do not allow photography. The standards for not allowing photography are set arbitrarily. Photography is not allowed in the Egyptian National Museum in Cairo, but the National Museums in India and Greece are completely open, so no matter how many pictures you take, there is no problem. When it comes to the preciousness of the exhibits, no one dares to compare with these countries, but they have a huge amount for you to take pictures of! The Hermitage allows you to take pictures, but the Tretyakov Gallery does not.
Actually
In a museum in Nepal, the rules are much stricter. The administrator is like a prison guard, watching you all the time. As soon as you raise your camera, you will say NO immediately!
< p>Generally speaking, some museums allow photography, but photography is not allowed for exhibitions in temporary exhibition halls, and there may even be additional charges. Some stipulate that photography is allowed in museums with sculptures, bronzes, furniture and other hard objects, but photography is not allowed in painting galleries and document galleries, and of course no flash is allowed. Some countries have formulated special regulations. If you want to take pictures, you have to buy a photo ticket. People who have paid and people who have not paid are mixed together, and they all take pictures in a big way. Who can tell the difference? And taking pictures is allowed abroad.There are many museums in China, but few in China allow photography. Large museums allow photography, but some small museums do not. It is really strange!
Because of personal preferences, also Due to professional needs,
Every time I go to a museum, in addition to carefully looking at the rare treasures, I also need to take photos of the exhibits. Although there are picture albums and CDs for sale, they are never as good as the angles I choose. Just like I never listen to the explanations of the commentator
I will take some details and some pictures according to my own needs. Things that others don’t notice are not found in many printed materials.
Of course, the reason why we are not allowed to take pictures is because those foreign and Chinese aunts who went in with their cameras and casually took pictures in front of famous paintings are those who regard watching the exhibition as a The tourists who visit the park are the photographers who take pictures everywhere. What they take pictures of is their visit here and their photos with the masterpieces.
No matter how strict the regulations are, it is difficult to resist their prying eyes and mobile phones, and they will take photos whenever they find an opportunity. Not only taking photos, but also flashing lights. It would be difficult for any astute administrator to distinguish a researcher from an ordinary visitor.
I was very angry because of taking pictures.
If the audience is not allowed to take photos because there are photographers, and if you are not allowed to take photos because there are albums for sale, then it is like throwing the baby out with the bathwater go out. Although my motives for taking photos are different from those of the aunts, and I am not a secular person, I firmly oppose the rule that no photography is allowed in museums. Since there is a museum, visiting and taking photos are equal rights. We have no reason to deprive the audience of this right, as long as they can abide by the rules and not destroy the exhibits. Because taking pictures is also a visit.
In addition, just like the rating of the film, maybe buying tickets and taking pictures is also a way?
Example 3: The audience needs a sense of presence
Peng De (Professor of Xi'an Academy of Fine Arts , critic)
Photos, albums and media all reveal an exhibition relatively fully, but for the audience, he needs a feeling of presence, because photos are external For him, it is reasonable for the audience to pursue this feeling of presence. We
we have been to some foreign art museums where taking pictures is not allowed. There are two main reasons: one is that the flash can damage the oil paintings; the other is that some works involve copyrights and the photos will be very difficult to capture. Be careful, and worry about being plagiarized and imitated when there is no complete promotion.
I think such a method can be adopted. Museums and art galleries provide the audience with the opportunity to download exhibition images. All the works have been photographed in advance. The audience can quickly copy the relevant information with their mobile phones. It is necessary to establish Such a mechanism. In addition to the requirement of being present, many viewers are also very concerned about the works themselves, especially those in the art circle. They really need clearer pictures of the works. If the exhibition hall can provide them free of charge, this contradiction will be solved.
As an artist, I hope that all art galleries and museums can take pictures without any obstruction without using flash. Some viewers are fans of the artist. They may not necessarily know the artist, and the artist is even less likely to know them, but they like the artist. If the artist is present and next to the work, some viewers are particularly willing to take photos with him. Or use him as a backdrop. This mentality should be considered. If the exhibition shuts out these enthusiastic viewers, it seems a bit unkind. This is a feeling I have when visiting art museums in the United States and Europe.
China’s art museums have just started and should be more open. They should arouse ordinary people’s interest in art through a tolerant approach and arouse their attention. Before improving the quality of the audience, they should allow or encourage the audience to participate in art activities. I think it's more important. It is recommended that each exhibition or each exhibition hall hire volunteers, with the painters paying their fees and them cooperating with the art museum to manage the site. This will make the visit orderly and prevent any surprises. The museum will appear more popular if there are more visitors. Nowadays, there are many exhibitions where there may be some people at the opening ceremony on the first day, but the second day is empty, which is not a good effect.
Professional appeal: no photography allowed
Respect others: no photography
Chen Lusheng (Deputy Director of the National Museum of China)
Regarding the question of whether museums can take photos, judging from the current world, most museums and art galleries can take photos, but there are also a considerable number of museums and art galleries that cannot take photos. I think there are reasons for allowing taking photos
and there are reasons for not allowing taking photos. It is difficult to make unified regulations within a professional scope. Because all museum managers are based on the situation of their own museums and their different responses to the audience's requirements, they will consider whether museums and art galleries can take photos from a professional perspective. What does a museum do? What are the functions of a museum? Obviously we can’t explain it fully in a few words
However, it can be said with certainty that a museum is not a place that attracts countless people to take pictures, like a park. That way. Museums are for viewing exhibitions and appreciating exhibits. Therefore, in the museum, I hope that the audience will stay in front of the historical relics and artworks they appreciate, rather than taking the historical relics and artworks as their own photos. a background.
As far as photography itself is concerned, most museums now have their own official
websites and corresponding publications. The images published on the official website are much higher than the photos taken by myself, especially the most important museums affiliated with the Smithsonian Institution in the United States, which have released high-definition images of millions of collections
< p>Images are for academic research use. For example, oil paintings and important cultural relics displayed through glass cabinets, the quality of pictures taken by non-professionals or with ordinary mobile phones is far from comparable to the quality of these images published by museums.Therefore, no matter what major you study or what kind of hobbies you have, when you go to the museum, you should focus on the works you admire, instead of wasting precious opportunities and precious time on the museum.
Focus and framing composition, or spend time looking to eliminate all kinds of reflections.
Of course, as far as the ethics of taking pictures are concerned, first of all, it should not affect other people’s viewing. I often have this experience, when I want to see a work, and someone happens to be taking a picture; in order to respect the person taking the picture, I have to get out of the way and let him take the picture. This brings great inconvenience to other viewers and will have an impact on others. Therefore, except for the special needs of museums, there is no need for the general public to waste precious time and precious opportunities on taking photos. At the same time, I think the most important thing to express the respect for historical relics and art is the appreciation and interpretation of these historical relics and works of art, rather than taking pictures. Because the precious cultural relics and important works of art in various museums also have many pictures and albums published. Take Renoir's "Dance at the Moulin de la Pancake" as an example. It is in the collection of the Musée d'Orsay. There are pictures of this work in all the albums. Even if the Musée d'Orsay allows photography, 95% The above people used amateur mobile phones or ordinary cameras to take pictures. Its clarity and imaging are difficult to compare with published albums and printed pictures, or even with souvenir shops. Compared with the quality of the postcards sold, why bother taking pictures yourself? Moreover, there are crowds of people in front of these masterpieces. Instead of being crowded among the crowds of cameras, it is better to put down your own camera and enjoy it patiently. Even if it is a partial part, the gain is far better than obtaining a low-quality image.
Therefore, some other museums such as the Musée d'Orsay do not allow photography, and every visitor has an equal opportunity to view and visit, which is in line with the values ??of the museum.
Therefore, I very much appreciate
this decision of some museums such as the Musée d'Orsay that do not allow photography. Of course, I also have my own opinion about the fact that photography is not allowed in the Musée d'Orsay. For example, I went to the Musée d'Orsay several times to study its architectural space and related professional issues, because it is an old train station after all. It was renovated and photography is not allowed, which is very inconvenient for professional researchers like me. Of course, we have special professional channels where you can get photo opportunities
. But even if I get the opportunity to take pictures, I will not spend my precious time taking pictures of the exhibits. Therefore, different museums make different decisions about whether to take photos. The most important thing is that museum managers must have an understanding of their own museum's audiences and collections, and have a good understanding of the museum's values. Shaping, etc. must have their own stand. I don’t agree with what others say, nor do I agree with letting the public vote like the French Association of Museums does. It is conceivable that more than 90% of the public votes are to allow photography, because everyone has their own needs. After all, a considerable number of people are confused after entering the museum, and a considerable number of people have no idea about those who have been there in the past.
The classic masterpieces they see in books retain some of their original impulses, so it is understandable that they will use habitual actions to obtain images as souvenirs. For the general public to do this, professional units should provide appropriate guidance and tell the public how to visit museums and how to stay in front of those masterpieces instead of getting a photo.
For a museum like the National Museum of China, which has an average of more than 20,000 visitors a day, the quality of our public is actually mixed. In the exhibition commemorating the 50th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and France , due to the interaction between the audience taking pictures, a physical conflict occurred. The mobile phone taking pictures was knocked away and hit the frame, which almost affected the safety of the exhibits. This led to our The decision was made the next day not to take photos. At present, a public cultural venue like a museum is not a park, nor is it some ordinary public cultural venue. It is a highly professional professional unit. In such a professional unit You should establish your own professional appeal. We must not only ensure
that the audience has a good visiting order, but also ensure the safety of the exhibits. Of course, this does not include the impact of dazzling flash lights on some sensitive materials.
In terms of the degree of civilization of citizens and their quality of civilization
the disputes caused by taking pictures, the possible interference to others while taking pictures, and the possible interference caused by taking pictures Physical conflicts, etc., may brew into an important accident in the exhibition hall, or cause damage to the collections in the museum. For example, in a relatively narrow space, especially in many foreign museums where there are no guardrails, in order to get a good angle, you may unknowingly take a step or a few steps back
When the angle is obtained, it may damage the exhibits behind, and it may also affect other viewers when obtaining the angle. In museums and art galleries, there is no need to have unified guidelines on whether photography can or cannot be taken. Each museum can establish its own professional guidelines and formulate a set of rules that the audience must abide by based on its own professional guidelines. The basic principle is that you are allowed to take pictures, you may or may not take pictures; however, when you are not allowed to take pictures, you must not take pictures. This is respect for the museum and the values ??of the museum. Respect, respect for cultural relics and artworks, and respect for other viewers.
Example 4: Art museums should be more humane
Pan Jialai (Deputy Secretary-General of Zhejiang Art Criticism Research Association)
If It is said that customers are the gods of businesses, then the audience is the gods of art galleries. All the work of art galleries and museums is to provide high-quality services to audiences at all levels, and to put the reasonable needs of audiences at the top of the work of art galleries and museums, including display, explanation and reproduction. (Photography) Make convenient arrangements in all aspects of the collection to maximize the social benefits of the art and cultural relics in the collection. This is determined by the nature of art galleries and museums as public welfare undertakings, and also by the country. The original intention of investing huge sums of money in building art galleries and museums.
Reflecting on ourselves, we do still have a lot of room for improvement in this field. For example, many domestic art galleries and museums have regulations prohibiting photography of exhibits. The author thinks that this The regulations don't make sense. Domestic audiences have relatively few opportunities to come into contact with original works of fine art and precious cultural relics. Visitors’ request to photograph (copy) exhibits for further study and research is completely legitimate without damaging the exhibits
, reasonable, the library should not prohibit it, but should try its best to provide convenience.
In this regard, abroad
Some art galleries and museums have done better, such as the Louvre in France. There is only a sign prohibiting flash in the Louvre. If your camera is equipped with a flash, the staff will politely explain it. Otherwise, there is no obstacle to the audience's shooting. Art works from the period, including world famous works commonly seen in Western art history monographs, can be freely photographed. Not only that, there are also more thoughtful designs in the museum. First, most of the main venues make good use of natural light. The soft light shines from the high transparent ceiling very evenly. Covered throughout the exhibition hall. Second, almost all the works are naked, without glass frames or other isolation objects, so that the audience can view the works in the most natural state, obtain the best viewing effect, and reproduce the color of the photos. The restoration is also the closest to the original.
These two humanized designs fully reflect their trust and respect for
the audience, putting the audience's feelings at the core and most important position. Most of the large domestic art museums have been built in recent years, but it is a pity that they have not been able to absorb the successful experience of foreign art museums in many aspects.
For example, a large number of artificial light sources are used in the venue, which changes the original color of the artwork, and the exhibits are isolated with glass frames and glass curtain walls, creating artificial obstacles to viewing. Others make the exhibition hall as dark as a cave, which can easily cause drowsiness and fatigue. This arrangement is not in line with the laws of nature, reduces the exhibition effect, and consumes energy, which is not worth the gain. The reason is that he failed to think about the problem from the perspective of the audience.
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