Confucius' name was Qiu, also known as Qiu, and he was born in (now Qufu, Shandong Province) in the Spring and Autumn Period. Born in 55 1 year BC (twenty-one years, twenty-two years of Lu Xianggong), he died in 479 BC (eleven years, sixteen years on Thursday) at the age of 73. He is a great thinker, politician, educator and founder of Confucianism in China. It has made great contributions to the development of China's ideology and culture. Kong Yu Thought is the orthodox thought of China feudal society and an important part of China traditional culture. It has played a great role in the formation of Chinese empathy, and it is still an invisible link between Chinese at home and abroad. The influence of Confucius' thought has already surpassed China and Asia and become a treasure in the world cultural treasure house. Confucius is also revered by people all over the world and is recognized as one of the most influential historical and cultural celebrities in the world. We should treat Confucius' thought under the guidance of Marxism–Leninism, discard its dross and extract its essence, so that it can play a role in the socialist construction in China.
The Analects of Confucius, called Lun in Han Dynasty, is one of the important Confucian classics. It is a book compiled by Confucius' disciples and their disciples, which mainly records Confucius' words and deeds. It also recorded the words and deeds of some Confucius disciples at that time and people's evaluation of Confucius.
Han Yi Wen Zhi said: "In The Analects of Confucius, Confucius responded to the words of his disciples, contemporaries and disciples and heard the words of Confucius. At that time, the disciples had their own records. The master was a pawn and the master compiled it, so it was called The Analects. "
Who is the author of The Analects of Confucius? This is impossible to test. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zheng Xuan believed that it was written by Confucius disciples Zhong Gong, Zi You and Xia Zi. According to the Analects of Confucius, Liu Zongyuan recorded that Ceng Zi was going to die, and it has been several decades since Confucius died. This book should be compiled by people like Le Zhengzi Chun and Zi Si. Song and Zhu thought it was written with a master and a son. But no matter who the author is, according to historical data analysis, The Analects of Confucius was written in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, with a history of more than 2,000 years.
Qin Shihuang burned books to bury Confucianism, and many ancient books were burned. The Analects of Confucius was not spared, and it was almost lost. The government of the Han Dynasty collected and sorted out three different books, namely Ancient Lun, Qi Lun and Lu Lun. Gu Lun is an ancient edition of The Analects of Confucius, which was discovered on the wall of Confucius' former residence when Emperor Han Jing was there. It was written in ancient pre-Qin characters (tadpoles), and was called The Analects of Confucius in history, with 2 1 article. Qi Lun was handed down by scholars of Qi State, with 22 articles. Lu Lun was spread by scholars of Lu State, with 20 articles. Both Qi Lun and Lu Lun were written in the popular script (official script) of Han Dynasty, and were called The Analects of Confucius in modern history. At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, on the basis of Lu Lun, yu zhang made textual research with reference to Qi Lun and Gu Lun, and adapted it into Zhang Hou Lun, which was listed as an official school. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zheng Xuan revised Zhang Houlun with reference to Gu Lun and Qi Lun, and became the Analects of Confucius today. Gulen and Qilun have been lost since then.
The Analects of Confucius has been concerned and studied by Chinese and foreign scholars for more than 2000 years since its publication, and has achieved a lot of results. There are countless related works. The annotation of The Analects of Confucius began in the early Han Dynasty, but most of the early works have been lost. At present, there are more than 600 well-documented exams and more than 3000 books. The influential masterpieces include The Analects of Confucius and The Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Liang on semantic sparseness in the Southern and Northern Dynasties: The Analects of Justice by Song Xingyuan; Zhu's Notes on Four Books; Liu Baonan's Analects of Justice in Qing Dynasty, etc. Yang Bojun's Annotations on the Analects of Confucius is a masterpiece with contemporary influence. In addition, there are many influential works, so I won't list them here.
The Analects of Confucius is a recorded prose with concise language, vivid image and far-reaching significance. Many sentences are philosophical, but concise, thought-provoking, close to spoken English and easy to understand, and have become proverbs and idioms. Therefore, The Analects of Confucius has a far-reaching influence on the broad masses of the people.
The Analects of Confucius is very rich in content, including Confucius' philosophical views, political opinions, ethical and moral concepts, educational thoughts and Confucius' life practice activities. This edition of The Analects of Confucius consists of 20 articles, namely, learning, governance, Bashu, Liren, Gongye Chang, Yongye, Shuer, Taibo, Zi Han, Hunan and Dang, and Advanced. Each article includes several chapters * * * 486 (some are divided into 492 chapters). Write down one thing or several sentences in each chapter.
The Analects of Confucius has a very extensive account of Confucius' educational thought, and comprehensively expounded the function, object, purpose and method of education, which can be called the earliest educational work in China.