China was a famous minister who resisted Jin in the Southern Song Dynasty. The word binfu. Renshou (now Sichuan) was born. In the thirty-first year of Shaoxing (1161), King Wan Yanliang of Jin Hailing led the main forces of the Jin Army across the Huaihe River and into the Yangtze River. Song Jun on the front line of Huai River was defeated, and 8 Jin Army was like nobody's business. At that time, Yu Yunwen was appointed as the military officer of the Jianghuai Army Ma Fu, and was sent to stone quarrying (now belonging to Maanshan City, Anhui Province) as a teacher, just as King Jin Hailing's army was trying to cross the river by quarrying. Seeing the critical situation, Yu Yunwen resolutely organized the troops scattered along the Yangtze River, frustrated the plan of 8 Jin Army crossing the south of the Yangtze River, and won a great victory in quarrying (see the battle of quarrying). King Jin Hailing moved troops to Yangzhou, and Yu Yunwen rushed to Zhenjiang House (now Zhenjiang, Jiangsu) to intercept. With the withdrawal of 8 Jin Army from the north, Yu Yunwen gained a high reputation in the Southern Song Dynasty. The main road for three years (1167) was called to know the Privy Council and participate in political affairs. When Wu Lin, a famous Sichuan soldier, died, Yu Yunwen succeeded him as the Sichuan Xuanfu Ambassador and knew about the Privy Council, actively reorganized the regular army and militia, and reduced military expenditure. In five years, he worshipped the right servant and shot the same thing as the Tang Dynasty envoy. In the autumn of eight years, he went to Sichuan again to manage military and political affairs, and then died. In the fourth year of Chunxi (1177), Song Xiaozong presented Yu Yunwen with a letter to express his loyalty. And Song Xiaozong lost his ambition to recover the Central Plains after his death in Yu Yunwen, and he no longer intends to recover the Central Plains. However, Yu Yunwen's service to the country is still widely celebrated, and his name remains in history. Mao Zedong once criticized that "Wei zai Yu Gong, one person through the ages" in the "Continued History as a Mirror", and Yu Gong was Yu Yunwen. Yu Yunwen has annotated the books of the Tang Dynasty and the history of the Five Dynasties, and has written ten volumes of poems, three volumes of lectures on the Spring and Autumn Festival, twenty-two volumes of memorials, and fifteen volumes of internal and external chronicles, which are well-known in the world.
Yu Yunwen, a white horse scholar-11-a summary of his life experience
Yu Yunwen has a magnificent figure, with a height of six feet four inches, which is nearly 2 meters at present, which is undoubtedly very eye-catching among literati. History says that Yu Yunwen: "Be generous and open-minded, have great ambitions, but be measured when you speak, and be known by people as a heavy weapon.". Yu Yunwen became an official with literature in his early years, and in his middle and old age, he seized the opportunity. In the Song and Jin dynasties, he made great achievements and eventually became a generation of famous figures, which will last forever. When Mao Zedong read the Biography of Song History and Yu Yunwen, he commented: "Wei Zai Yu Gong, one person through the ages."
After Shao Xing's peace talks, the generals of the Gaozong and Xiaozong Dynasties argued endlessly about the war of peace, and their personal opinions were different. They were also the main battles, and Yu Yunwen and Xin Qiji were obviously more cautious than Zhang Jun; It's the same as Chen Kangbo, Chen Junqing, Shi Hao and Tang Situi, but it's different. Chen Kangbo pays more attention to war and peace, while Chen Junqing and Shi Hao tend to keep peace, while Tang Si-tui is an unprincipled summation. The same people have different opinions at different stages. A typical example is Chen Junqing, who was more enterprising in his early years. Later, his opinions were often different from Yu Yunwen's and his actions were conservative. As I said earlier, Song Jun did not have the excellent strength and good opportunity to carry out a large-scale Northern Expedition and achieve a comprehensive and substantial victory after Yu Yunwen entered the hub. However, Yu Yunwen strongly advocates restoration. Why? I think Justin Chen's words may show Yu Yunwen's heart. This piece of material is not found in the History of Song Dynasty, but the Yongle Dadian is quoted in the Records of Yuan Unification. Mr. Deng Guangming once wrote a textual research on its authenticity and published it in the second issue of Peking University Journal in 1996. This passage was told by Justin Chen to Yu Yunwen. Chen said: "It has been several years since Zhang Wei was a veteran in Huai. In Kansai, only the Wu arch is far away; Since Yu Wenchen's philosophers Deng, it is a despicable stream of meat; Deng, an army guarding the guards, is a man who is full of seafood. He is loyal to the sun and the moon, and he has won the honor of quarrying, but the responsibility of restoring the rules is in the public. If we delay the years, instead of studying the country, why is it the hope of the Central Plains? Why snow ancestors two hundred years of humiliation? Why are you entrusted by the night? When the prime minister can't do it when there is something to cure, then the people behind him can do it! " . Chen highlighted the situation and difficulties faced by Yu Yunwen and emphasized his responsibility.
Yu Yunwen's literary talent is excellent, mainly for playing sparse prose and quarrying. Yu Yunwen wrote The First Military Cutter on the River, The Second Military Cutter on the River, The Third Military Cutter on the River, and Playing Back to Wang Yingchen to Know the Prefix of Quzhou, which fully demonstrated his courage and loyalty. Zhang Shitai, a scholar in the Ming Dynasty, compared Yu Yunwen. Later, Yu Yunwen went to Sichuan to make an announcement for Sichuan and Shaanxi, and Yu Yunwen wrote "On the Use of Wu Lin to Restore Sparseness", "On the Worry and Sparseness of Gongzhou" and "On the Advantages and Disadvantages of Farming". In the first year of Longxing, Yu Yunwen also had a famous book "On the Nine Sparses of Today's War-fighting Opportunities", which analyzed the world situation and compared the enemy and the enemy, hoping that Xiaozong would do nothing to follow, try his best to prepare for war, seize the war-fighting opportunities, and encourage the reality of war-fighting. First, the article said that persisting in the war of resistance and recovering the Central Plains was "the great classics of heaven and earth, the righteousness of the Spring and Autumn Annals", and then from the perspective of whether the monarchies of the Song and Jin Dynasties were wise, whether the political power was consolidated. In the third year of the main road, Yu Yunwen served as Sichuan Xuanfu envoy, and wrote On Good Compassion, Faithfulness and Diligence, Xie Ci's Imperial Letter, On the Politics of Han Cuimao, On the Demon of Plants and Trees in West Shu, and How to Deal with Flood and Drought Thieves, etc. Yu Yunwen's writings are abundant, and Yang Wanli's Yu Gong Tombstone said that he was eager to learn all his life. "Eat and read books, make a success of literature, and work without carving." Yu Yunwen is the author of three volumes of Lecture Notes on the Spring and Autumn Periods, Notes on the Book of Tang Dynasty, Notes on the History of the Five Dynasties, 12 volumes of Decree Format for the Reconstruction of Main Roads, 23 volumes of Yu Yong Gong's Memorial, 15 volumes of Internal and External System, 1 volumes of Poetry Collection, and 3 volumes of Resume Meeting, which are included in the Summary of Song Poetry. In addition, Yu Yunwen has two famous early works, one is "ode to birds" and the other is "ode to mosquitoes". Yu Yunwen is a filial man. After his mother's death, he served his father for seven years. He wrote "Distinguishing Birds", which spread the world's filial piety with birds' affair. The article is sincere and sincere, and it has the touching power of Shi Biao's Chen Qingbiao. "Fu on Killing Mosquitoes" regards gnats as poisonous human beings, which means that Jin is "showing off his power in Hanoi" and advocates that all evils should be eliminated, "useless things will no longer be used, and endless poison will exist in the world".
Yu Yunwen is not only excellent in poetry and prose, but also an accomplished calligrapher. Wu Kuan, a calligrapher in the Ming Dynasty, commented: "Yu Zhongsu's handwritten notes are elegant in words and graceful in weather." Wang Shizhen, a literary critic in the Ming Dynasty, also said: "The sixth volume of" Stop the Cloud Pavilion Post "is a famous book of the Southern Song Dynasty, such as the elegance of Yu Yonggong, which can be adopted." Yu Yunwen's calligraphy, the pen is subtle, and it is elegant in the strange place; His interest is natural, and he shows his kung fu inadvertently. In the Song Dynasty, he has a personality, and his ink handed down from generation to generation includes "Suitable Post" and "Juntang Post".
Yu Yunwen has three sons, one is Yu Gongliang, the secret cabinet, and the other is Yu Hangsun, the guardian of Changning Wuning. A * * * has eight grandchildren, of whom Yu Gangjian is the most famous, and the last official position is Lizhou Road. He once lectured with Wei Liaoweng outside the East Gate of Shu, and "Shu people respected him". The great-grandson Yu Yinglong was then the master of Taichang Temple, knowing Leizhou, repairing schools and promoting water conservancy, which was very famous. Yu Xuan "knows Lianzhou, and is also famous for his literature", Zi Yuji "is elegant and mellow", "teaches among all students", "is an official with the editor of the Imperial Academy", and Ji Ziju, an official with a bachelor's degree in Kuizhangge, is known as the "Four Masters of the Yuan Dynasty" with Yang Zai and others, and his poems are famous for a while.
The Battle of Caishiji
It is heard that Caishiji defeated Zhang Xiaoxiang
The snow washes away the dust and the wind is about the window of Chu Yun. Who writes tragic stories? Chuijiao ancient city building The lake and the sea are full of heroism, so you can cut the candle to see Wu Gou. The place where you like to burn rhinoceros is left, and the waves and the sky float. Recall that year, Zhou and Xie, rich in spring and autumn. Xiao Qiao married for the first time, but his sweet bursa has not been solved, so he has a good career and travels well. The setting sun on the rocky head of Chibi, and the withered grass on the side of the Feishui Bridge, make people worry. I want to go by the wind and swear to flow.
Zhang Xiaoxiang, a famous poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, wrote this water tune song. After hearing about the victory of quarrying, he felt it, and his words were bold and unconstrained. Quarrying is one of the famous battles in the history of China, and Yu Yunwen mentioned in this article is the direct commander of the quarrying battle.
Jin Guo has accelerated the process of sinicization since Wan Yanliang took the throne in a coup. Wan Yanliang thinks that Jin Guo has accepted the Han culture, and there is no difference between the north and the south, so he should unify China. He first moved the capital from Huining to Beijing, and then actively built Kaifeng, ready to move the capital here, and launched a southern expedition in the next time. Of course, Xu Jin was well prepared militarily. In the Southern Song Dynasty, there was no war for nearly twenty years, so there was a lack of psychological preparation for the war. Although news came from time to time that Jin people wanted to travel south, the ruling class never paid attention to it until Jin made Quan Wang and Gao Jingshan come to congratulate Song Gaozong on his birthday, and put forward the territorial claim that Song ceded Huainan. It was only in the Southern Song Dynasty that the ruling and opposition parties realized that the war was about to break out, and they rushed to arrange their troops for defense. A meeting of all government officials was held, and the Southern Song Dynasty decided to send Cheng Min to lead 5, troops to defend Hubei. According to normal thinking, it is necessary to defend the upper reaches of Hubei in the dynasty that built its capital in the south of the Yangtze River, which is understandable. But at this time, Yu Yunwen, who has a weak voice, is opposed to such dispersion of troops. He thinks that the main direction of nomads from the army will be Huainan, so the army should be arranged in Jiangxi. If the upstream is in an emergency, Hubei should be rescued. If Huainan changes, it can be mobilized to defend Huai. Although Prime Minister Chen Kangbo agreed with Yu Yunwen's idea, Cheng Min's troops were all stationed in Wuchang.
And Yan Yanliang's thinking just coincides with Yu Yunwen's guess. The nomads from 6, three roads, all the way to attack southern Shaanxi and all the way to take Jingxiang, are partial teachers, and Yan Yanliang took Huainan directly by his own head. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Liu Kun, an old general, was in charge of guarding the Jianghuai River. However, Liu Kun, who was old but seriously ill, was no longer brave. He had to eat with rice congee and ordered his lieutenant to command the battle. The kingship feared the enemy like a tiger, fled without fighting, and Liu Kun could not win. Liu Kun led his army back to Yangzhou. Both Huai and Huai fell. Jinbing was preparing to cross the river in Jiangbei, and the Southern Song regime was in jeopardy. Different from the previous Song and Jin wars, Yan Yanliang's expedition to the south, strict military discipline, and no offense in autumn also showed that Yan Yanliang was determined to win.
Seeing that the military commanders were defeated again and again, Ye Yiwen was sent by the Southern Song Dynasty to supervise the military affairs of Huai River and Huai River, and Yu Yunwen was also given the opportunity to advise the military affairs. After the replacement of the Five Dynasties by the Song Dynasty, the military was revered and suppressed. Most of the time, civilian officials unified the troops, while few civilian officials really understood the military and looked down on military commanders. The so-called scholar-officials don't know the grain and the armor, which is a true portrayal of civil servants. Therefore, it is for this reason that the foreign wars in the Song Dynasty have always lost more than they won. This Yiwen Ye also represents the scholar-officials of the Song Dynasty. Ye read Liu Yong's battle report, and I don't know what Liu Yong said about the new soldiers in the nomads from the army. What is even more ridiculous is that Ye Yiwen dug a ditch one foot deep on the sandbar and inserted some branches as antlers along the ditch. Ye also said that the nomads from the river used this to stop them. When the people saw it, they laughed and said that people who eat meat are no more knowledgeable than those who eat bran. As a result, the tide rose overnight, all the ditches were leveled and all the branches were washed away. Compared with these scholar-officials who don't know the grain valley and the armor, Yu Yunwen, who is also a scholar, is simply amazing in quarrying.
At this time, Yu Yunwen, who was also ordered by Ye Yiwen, went to Guazhou first to visit Liu Kun, who was ill. Because of his serious illness, Liu Kun asked Yun Wen to hand over the system and ask for a second seal. Yu Yunwen primly said to him, the country has been like this, the old general don't just resign? Liu Kun was ashamed. At this time, Yu Yunwen received an order from Ye Yiwen, sent him to urge Li Xianzhong to replace the kingship, and sent him to reward the army by quarrying stones. Yu Yunwen raced to quarry, the kingship had already left, and Li Xianzhong had not arrived yet. The defeated troops of the kingship were scattered in groups of three or five, and they all took off their saddles, rolled up their armor and sat by the road, while the nomads from the army were opposite. Seeing the situation of both sides, Yu Yunwen's entourage advised him to go back to Jiankang. For an instant, Yu Yunwen remembered when he was on a mission to Xu Jin Guo last year, he and Xu Jin Guo's receptionists competed with each other to shoot an arrow, and he hit the target with one arrow. Emblems, Qin emperors and national enmity came to mind again. Yu Yunwen knows that he has come to the army, and he has no bid responsibility. If he chooses to go back, there is nothing wrong with it. But at present, the military situation is urgent, and Yunwen knows that if Li Xianzhong comes, it will be too late. You can't leave because you have no responsibility. So he resolutely chose the important task of commanding the battle of quarrying. He immediately summoned Zhang Zhen, Wang Qi, Shi Jun, Dai Gao, Sheng Xin and others to tell everyone that if the enemy crossed the river, it would be useless for you to run away. Now there is a great river before, and we should survive in the dead, and the country has raised you for so long. Can't we fight for the country? The generals said that the main reason was that no one presided over it. Yun Wen said, "Li Xianzhong hasn't arrived yet, so I'll lead everyone here to fight to the death." Encouraged, the men were determined to fight the 8 Jin Army bravely.
Yu Yunwen led his troops to the edge of the Yangtze River, and saw that a high platform had been built on the north bank of the Yangtze River, with two crimson flags waving on both sides and five-colored flags on both sides, and a yellow car cover in the middle, sitting proudly below. The scout said that the day before, Wan Yanliang had killed the white horse and the dark horse to sacrifice to heaven, and agreed with the soldiers that they would cross the Yangtze River the next day and have breakfast at Yulintang, and those who crossed the river first would be rewarded with one or two gold. At that time, there were 4, Jin Jun, and the number of horses was twice that of troops, while there were only 18, people in Song Jun. Yu Yunwen began to deploy, first ordered the generals to form a large formation, held their horses, and divided the Ge boat into five teams, two of which ran along the east and west banks, one of which stopped in the middle of the river, waiting for the battle, and the other two teams hid in a small harbor to guard against unexpected things. He had just finished commanding and arranging, and the enemy was already shouting loudly. Yan Hongliang was holding a small red flag and commanding hundreds of warships to cross the river. After a while, 7 ships arrived at the south bank and directly attacked Song Jun. Song Jun retreated a little. When Yu Yunwen entered the war, he patted Shijun on the back and said, "Your courage is well-known in all directions. If you step back, it will be women and children. Shijun immediately went out with double knives, and Song Jun fought to the death. Song Jun, in the middle of the river, also attacked the golden boat with a dolphin boat. The boat used by the golden soldier was as wide as a box, unstable in action, and unable to move because it was not familiar with the river. As a result, the boat sank into the river or semi-floated. It's getting late, but the nomads from the army still don't retreat. At this time, there happened to be a scattered army coming from Gwangju, and Yu Yunwen handed them the flag and drums to let them turn out from behind. 8 Jin J suspected that reinforcements had arrived, and this just retreated. Retreat after returning to camp, because Song generals Cai Jia and Han Yi were afraid of death and didn't lead the warships to attack, the two were each beaten by Yu Yunwen with one hundred lashes. Reward the meritorious soldiers again, and allow Wen to win all his strength because of his clear rewards and punishments. Yan Hongliang's side also killed all the nomads who had not died and returned.
Although the initial battle was successful, Yu Yunwen was sober, knowing that the nomads would come again, so he pulled the warship to the upper reaches and deployed troops at the mouth of Yanglin River. As a result, the nomads from the attack was repelled again. Wan Yanliang couldn't win, so he wrote a letter to Wang Quan, urging him to surrender. After accepting the letter, Yun Wen said that this was a double agent. Yu Yunwen wrote back to Yan Hong Liang and told him that the kingship had been brought to justice because it fled without fighting. Now the commander-in-chief is Li Xianzhong, and Yu Yunwen, who was sent to Xu Jin Guo last year, resisted you. Seeing that quarrying was impeccable, Wan Yanliang had to lead an army to Guazhou to prepare to cross the river from there.
Li Xianzhong finally arrived at the quarry. Yu Yunwen estimated that Wan Yanliang would cross the river from Guazhou, so he negotiated with Xianzhong and sent Li Peng to Beijing with an army of 16,. Later, Yu Yunwen also rushed to Zhenjiang, where he visited Liu Kun who was ill first. Liu Kun took Yunwen's hand and said, "Why do you ask about illness? The imperial court has been raising soldiers for 3 years, and the great achievement is to publish books and be a novice. My generation is ashamed to die! "
at this time, in Zhenjiang, 2, troops of Yang Cunzhong and Cheng Min were assembled. In order to deter nomads from coming, Yu Yunwen asked Song Bing to drive a vehicle and boat in the upper reaches of the river.