Cai LUN
Inventor of papermaking in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Hunan Leiyang people. He used to be a middle-level waiter, a Shang Fangling. The first year of Yuan Dynasty [AD 1 14]
Fenglongge. Invented the use of bark, hemp head, rags and old fishing nets as raw materials to make paper, in the first year of Yuanxing [AD 105].
After it was reported to the imperial court, it was widely circulated among the people and was called "Cai Hou Paper". Biography of Cai Lun in the Later Han Dynasty: "Since ancient times, books and deeds have been compiled with bamboo slips.
; Silk is called paper. Expensive and simple, inconvenient for people. Lennart created this idea, using bark, hemp head and our cloth.
Fishing nets think of paper. "
Ouyang Xun
Tang calligrapher. People from Changsha, Hunan. Most of them were led by a prince, and Hong Wen Pavilion was a bachelor, making him the Duke of Bohai. Industrial Calligraphy, Learning II
Wang (Wang Xizhi) is bold and cautious, and he sees a genial smile. Self-contained, known as the "European style" for the early Tang Dynasty.
One of the four great calligraphers. Inscriptions include the official book "The Ritual Spring of Jiucheng Palace", "Huadu Temple Monument", "Yugong Gongbei" and "Huangfu Birthday"
Monument ",official script" square monument "and so on. The running script includes Hans Zhang, Chu Dian and other posts, which are compiled in literature and art.
Get together.
Zhou dunyi
Philosopher of Northern Song Dynasty. People from Dao County, Hunan Province. He used to be Dr. Cheng and Dr. Cheng of Dali Temple. Because a room was built by the stream under the Lotus Peak in Lushan Mountain,
The room was named "Lianxi Bookstore", and later people called it "Mr. Lianxi". He inherited Yi Chuan, the Doctrine of the Mean and Taoism.
Based on Taoist Chen Tuan's infinite diagram, this paper puts forward a simple and systematic theory of the universe. Tai Chi, Li,
Qi, nature and life became the basic categories of Neo-Confucianism in Song and Ming Dynasties. He himself became one of the founders of Neo-Confucianism. His works include taiji diagrams.
Say ","Shu Tong "and so on. Later generations compiled it into Zhou Ziquan's book.
Wang fuzhi
Thinkers in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. People from Hengyang, Hunan. In his later years, he lived in Shichuanshan, Hengyang, and was called "Mr. Chuanshan". After Ming's death,
Zeng Jubing fought against the Qing Dynasty and was defeated. After that, he went into exile and returned to Hengyang to study writing in 14 (AD 1657).
Great academic achievements. He has studied astronomy, calendar, mathematics and geography, especially philosophy, classics, history and literature.
Learn, etc. Important works include Zhouyi Zhuan Yi, Shangshu Yi Yin, Reading Four Books, Daquan Shuo, Zhang Zizheng Zhu Meng,
"Internal and external thoughts" and so on. Later generations compiled the suicide note of Chuanshan.
Zeng guopan
Minister of late Qing Dynasty, leader of Xiang Army. Hunan Xiangxiang people. Daoguang Jinshi He was a bachelor of cabinet and governor of Liangjiang. 1853
In order to fight against the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom in, he was ordered to run Yingyong, Hunan Province. In June+10, 5438, he trained as a marine division in Changsha and founded a naval division in Hengyang in September.
For the "Xiang Army". Soldiers are recruited by generals. Soldiers are brave and need protection. This mode of "soldiers will block" makes "
Xiang army has a strong fighting capacity. Zeng Guofan led the Xiang army to fight with Taiping Army and Nian Army for more than ten years. 1864, Ceng Guoquan was captured.
Tianjing (now Nanjing). Together with Li Hongzhang and Zuo, he founded Shanghai Jiangnan Manufacturing Bureau, Fujian Mawei Shipping Bureau and other military enterprises.
1870 Tianjin "religious plan" was investigated and criticized by public opinion. There is The Complete Works of Zeng Gong.
Qi Baishi
Painter. Seal engraver. Hunan Xiangtan people. I was a carpenter in my early years. After studying painting, poetry, calligraphy and seal cutting, sell them.
Make a living by painting and carving. After the age of 60, the painting style changed greatly, focusing on creation, combining traditional freehand brushwork and folk painting techniques, and formed.
Unique artistic style. He is good at painting flowers, birds, fish and shrimp, and also painting landscapes of characters. On "the beauty of painting lies between likeness and dissimilarity". The seal is cut straight.
Next, vigorous. Former Chairman of China Artists Association. 1953 The Ministry of Culture awarded the title of "People's Artist". Won the world
World Peace Council 1955 International Peace Prize.
Sitong Tan
China's reformist politician and thinker in modern times. Liuyang, Hunan. In his early years, he was a guest of honor of the Governor of Xinjiang. After the Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895
, angry China weak, founded the society in Liuyang. After that, I traveled all over Beijing, Shanghai and Nanjing to absorb new knowledge. 1897
Chen Baozhen, the governor of Hunan Province, was assisted to set up a financial school, and organized new policies such as inland river shipping, mining and railway construction. The following year, I advocated.
South yard, box, promote reform and save the country. In August, he was recruited into Beijing and served as a military aircraft Zhang Jing in Sipinqing to participate in the Reform Movement of 1898.
Reform. He was killed in the coup in September and was known as one of the "six gentlemen of the 1898 Movement". There is The Complete Works of Tan Sitong.
Huang xing
China's modern democratic revolutionist. People from Changsha, Hunan. 1902 was selected by Governor Zhang Zhidong of Huguang to study in Japan. After returning to China,
Like Song, they were all promoted to president. 1904 planning Changsha uprising failed. The following year, he assisted Zhong Sun in Japan.
Khan established the China League and served as Minister of Common Affairs. Since 1907, he has participated in or commanded the uprising in Fangcheng, Qinlian, and Zhennanguan (now a friend).
Guan Yi) Uprising, Yunnan Hekou Uprising, Guangzhou New Army Uprising, Huanghuagang Uprising, etc. After Wuchang Uprising, it was promoted to a revolutionary army.
Commander-in-chief, fighting against the Qing army in Hankou and Hanyang. 19 12 Nanjing provisional government was established as the chief of the army and chief of staff.
19 13 Yuan Shikai attempted to restore the monarchy, and Huang Xing was appointed commander-in-chief of Yuan Qiu, Jiangsu Province, and went into exile after his failure. 1965438+After returning to Shanghai in 2006,
Died of illness. And yellow.
Liu Shaoqi
Proletarian revolutionary and politician in China, one of the main leaders of China * * * Production Party and People's Republic of China (PRC). Hunan
Ningxiang people. 192 1 year, joined the Communist Party of China (CPC). 1922 works in the trade union secretariat of China. 1925 National Association of Ren Zhonghua
Vice-chairman of the trade union, participated in leading the May 30th Movement and the strikes in various provinces and ports. 193 1 elected Alternate member of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee.
. He was appointed Minister and Party Secretary of the Temporary Central Workers' Department of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions. /kloc-participated in the Long March in 0/934 and successively joined the Eighth Army of Ren Hongjun.
Group, the fifth army central representative and director of the political department of the third army. 1943 secretary of the central secretariat and vice chairman of the military commission.
1945, the Seventh National Congress was elected as a member of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, and the Eighth National Congress was elected as a member, standing committee member and vice chairman of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee.
Chairman. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), he served as vice chairman of the Central People's Government, vice chairman of the Military Commission and chairman the NPC Standing Committee. At the second meeting,
(1959) and the third session (1965) of the National People's Congress were both elected President People's Republic of China (PRC) and Chairman of the National Defense Commission.
He was wrongly criticized during the Cultural Revolution. 1969 died in Henan. 1980, the Fifth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee was renamed.
Fame. The main work is Selected Works of Liu Shaoqi.
a surname
China proletarian revolutionist and strategist. One of the founders and leaders of China People's Liberation Army. Hunan Xiangtan people
. /kloc-joined the China * * * production party in 0/928, led the Pingkiang Uprising in the same year, and served as the commander of the Fifth Army in Ren Hongjun. Opened up the Hunan-Hubei-Jiangxi Soviet area,
Participated in and commanded all previous counter-campaigns against encirclement and suppression in the Central Soviet Area. 1934 Long March Road. Later, he served as deputy commander of the Eighth Route Army, in the center of * * *
Vice chairman and chief of staff of the central military commission. It opened up the anti-Japanese base area in North China and commanded the "Hundred Regiments War". Any solution since 1947
Deputy commander-in-chief of the People's Liberation Army, commander and political commissar of the First Field Army. Commanded the "Yan' an Defence War". After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), he served as a member of the Central Committee.
Vice Chairman of Military Commission, Commander and Political Commissar of Chinese people's Volunteer Army, Vice Chairman of National Defense Commission, Vice Premier and Minister of National Defense of the State Council.
Long rank. 1955 was awarded the rank of Marshal China. He is a member of the 6th-8th the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee of China.
At 1959 Lushan meeting, he was wrongly criticized for his comments on the Great Leap Forward and the people's commune.
1974165438+10 died in Beijing in October. 1978, the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee was rehabilitated.
Tian Han
Playwrights and drama activists. People from Changsha, Hunan. 19 16 studied in Japan and taught in Shanghai University and Shanghai after returning home.
Art university. 1927 founded "Nanguo Society" and devoted himself to the Art Nouveau movement focusing on drama creation and performance. 1932
Joined the China * * * Production Party, actively participated in the revolutionary struggle, and wrote more than 100 plays, operas and movie scripts.
Measure poetry and ode. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), he served as the vice chairman of the China Federation of Literary and Art Circles, the chairman of the Chinese Dramatists Association, the director of the Drama Improvement Bureau of the Ministry of Culture, and the artist.
Director of science and technology administration. His main works are Night in the Cafe, Death of Famous Brand, The Ring of Bells, Yang, etc.
Zijiang, Erdao, Guan Hanqing, Princess Wencheng and Xie Yaohuan in the storm. Among them, Neil spectrum
March of the Volunteers was chosen as the national anthem of the people of China. A collection of works by Tian Han.
ceng zhaolun
Chemists and educators. Hunan Xiangxiang people. Tsinghua University graduated, Ph.D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. build
Before and after China, he was a professor at Central University, Peking University, National Southwest Associated University and Wuhan University. Deputy Minister of Education and Higher Education
The director of the Institute of Chemistry of Chinese Academy of Sciences is often elected as a member of the Department of Mathematical and Physical Chemistry of China Academy of Sciences. For organic fluorine, silicone,
Organoboron and other organometallic compounds were systematically studied and a series of new compounds were synthesized. On China Chemistry
Contribute to education. Editor-in-Chief of Elemental Organic Chemistry, etc.
Shen Congwen
A writer. Phoenix people in Hunan. The work has been published since 1926. Participated in editing Red and Black magazine, editor-in-chief
Ta Kung Pao literary supplement. He has taught in Qingdao University, National Southwest Associated University and Peking University. Famous for their local novels, eulogize them.
The simple character of the lower class, and the beauty of human nature and customs. Representative works include novella Border Town, Long River and Prose.
Xiangxi prose collection, etc. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, he studied history in China History Museum, Palace Museum and China Academy of Social Sciences.
Engaged in historical relics and arts and crafts research. There is a collection of Shen Congwen's works
Ding ling
Woman writer. People from Linli, Hunan. 1932, joined the China * * * production party. He used to be the Party Secretary of the Left Alliance and the Central Committee of the Soviet Area.
Director of Art Association and Head of Northwest Field Service Corps. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), he served as director of the Central Literature Research Institute and deputy director of the All-China Federation of Literary and Art Circles.
Remember, vice chairman of the Chinese Writers Association. He edited the literary supplements of Beidou and Jiefang Daily, the publications of the Left Alliance.
People's Literature, Literary Newspaper and China. Important works include Monk and A Day for Mrs. Sha Fei.
Record, Water Mother, When Peng was in the village, On a Cold Day, etc.
. The novel The Sun Shines on the Sanggan River won the second prize of 195 1 Stalin Literature and Art Award. There is a collection of Ding Ling's works.
Zhou Libo
Writer. Yiyang, Hunan. 1928 Start writing. 1934, joined the China * * * production party. Post-war in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression
Local reporter. Editor of Wang Jiu Daily, editor of literary supplement of Jiefang Daily. He also teaches at Lu Xun Art College in Yan 'an.
1955 Chairman and Party Secretary of Hunan Federation of Literary and Art Circles. The novel The Storm won the third prize of Stalin Literature and Art Award in 195 1.
Awards. The short story One Night in Xiangjiang River won the 1978 National Excellent Novel Award. There are Great Changes in the Countryside and Hot Metal.
Running and other novels, reportage, essays and essays such as Soviet Union Notes, In the Pavilion and Thought and Literature.
Works like Wen are handed down from generation to generation.