Appreciation of Li Longji Lishu Calligraphy Works
Regarding the definition of official script, Mr. Wu said in the article "Looking at the Early Official Script of Qin and Han Dynasties from the Unearthed Silk Slips of Qin Bamboo Slips": "It can be explained by the original meaning of this word. Shuo Wen Jie Zi explains that Li means "attached", while The Biography of Feng Yi in the Later Han Dynasty teaches it as "subordinate", which is still in use today, and there is the word "subordinate" in modern Chinese. The Book of Jin, Wei Hengzhuan, Shuo Wen Jie Zi Preface and paragraph notes all think that Lishu is' beyond Sasuke's biography', so Lishu is an auxiliary font of Xiaozhuan. "
Pictures of Li Longji official script in Tang Dynasty
After careful parallel research, Mr. Wu has come to such a scientific argument, which is naturally worthy of attention as an academic division of different names of seals and official seals. However, I still have two questions to ask, that is: first, seal script can't be all pictographs, and there are many characters other than pictographs from the beginning. Therefore, it seems not enough to just lose the original meaning of hieroglyphics. What I mean is that Li's destruction of ancient Chinese * * * "Pictographs" is a general term for fonts, but the facts are not all "pictographs", and there are many examples, not to mention * * *, which is not just the destruction of pictographs. Secondly, in Qin bamboo slips unearthed in Yunmeng, Hubei Province and silk slips unearthed in Mawangdui, Changsha, Hunan Province, it is found that the structure of characters has changed and has not changed. What's the name of a word with a circle and a rectangle? This kind of "semi-seal script and semi-official script" existed from Qin Zhaoxiang period to the early Western Han Dynasty. See Wu Wenyou's Silk Book * * * for details. Before the first emperor, there was no difference in the word "Ti", but by the early Han Dynasty, it was certain that the word had been listed as an official script. Considering both, is it true that Mr. Wu distinguishes the names of official scripts? In fact, the change of structure, just saying that pictographs are not pictographs, is definitely not comprehensive enough. I guess the problem of distinguishing at that time-when the font was just changed, most people would definitely not be too strict, and the "bat-shaped" font was named after a new name-was also called Li, and it was possible to keep some old structures a little. So I think it is not surprising that if we put ourselves in the position at that time to speculate on naming, there is a certain distance from the naming distinguished by academic research today. To be clear, the difference between seal script and official script is not only the change of image into symbol, but also the difference of brushwork. For example, the brushwork of Sheng * * * * and Shang * * * has not changed its structure, but the brushwork structure of Zhi * * * has completely changed. The similarities and differences between the names of the three characters are by no means a single theoretical structure, and there are many other similar situations that can be compared.
Braille writing of official script
The writing method of stippling in official script is obviously different from that in seal script. The stippling in seal script can be summarized into three types: point, straight and arc, and the development of official script has already possessed eight strokes in the eight methods of permanent characters. In terms of strokes, seal script is mostly round, while official script has always been used by Fiona Fang, and the thickness of strokes has changed.
The official script can be divided into three parts: middle part, upper part, left part, right part and horizontal part. The middle point is written like this: after writing, raise the pen to the front, turn the pen back to the right, pause the pen, and then turn the pen back to the front in the point. The difference between official script and seal script lies in the biased change. The writing of the upper point is slightly the same as that of the middle point, except that the last stroke did not close the front in the point, but wanted to gradually raise the front downward. The left and right points and horizontal points are written in the same way as the above points, but the starting position is different from the front direction.
The writing of "left and right" in official script is similar to "left point" and "right point", but the difference is that the last stroke is longer.
The vertical writing of official script is the same as seal script.
There are two kinds of horizontal bodies in Lishu: short horizontal body and long horizontal body. The short horizontal style starts from the pen and ends in the flat, and the horizontal style protects the tail, which is slightly like seal script. Hide the front face up with a long horizontal pen, then turn right with a Fang Bi to make a silkworm head, and then write to the right. The pen is a bit astringent and can't slide. When it reaches two-thirds of the horizontal position, it brings out a downward wave depression, and then raises the pen slightly to raise the front to form a goose tail. This kind of stroke is also called wave stroke.
Si is similar to long horizontal writing, but the strokes are down to the right, which is more stretching than horizontal writing.
Skimming is written in the same way as writing on the left and picking on the left. After starting the pen, use the pen to write down to the left, slightly increase the bending potential in the line, until the pen is forced to stop at less than two-thirds of the whole painting, twist the pen at the end of the painting, and slightly lift it to the left to make the pen return to the front of the line. There are several ways to write hooks. Only the commonly used long hook writing is introduced here. After the stroke, we don't mention it, but use the pen to stroke down. When we reach the lower end of the shaft, we draw an approximately horizontal arc to the left in turn, and then lift the pen to the end of the arc.
In addition, the writing of official script should also pay attention to the following points. If a word has several horizontal overlaps, generally the last horizontal is written as a goose tail with a silkworm head, and the rest are short horizontal. For example, there are both long horizontal lines and long horizontal lines in a word. Generally, long horizontal lines are used for long horizontal lines, not for long horizontal lines. For example, the word "big" is written as "big". If there are other strokes around, you don't have to write horizontally with a silkworm head and a goose tail. In other words, the silkworm head and goose tail can only appear once in a word, otherwise it will affect the beauty of the word, so the predecessors said that "silkworms have no two colors, and geese don't fly together."