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An extremely eye-catching part of Chinese culture can be called "the culture of demotion." Subsequently, many cultural relics are the deeds of demoted officials. When he was demoted, he fell out of favor, fell down, and was left alone, the sense of tragedy crept into his heart; when he was demoted to the outside, he walked around here and looked there, and had no choice but to be intimate with the mountains and rivers. As a result, there are articles and poems, and they are often not bad. After a period of time, or after a dynasty, things changed, and even the court felt that this person was good and restored his reputation. Therefore, with both character and literary quality, it will be passed down in the annals of history and recited by others. The landscape pavilions they had been intimate with became ruins. The place is passed down by people, and the people are passed down by the place. The two complement each other, and both have a good reputation.
There are so many examples. This time when I went to Dongting Lake, when I saw the Yueyang Tower, I thought: This is it again. In 1046, Fan Zhongyan was demoted for advocating reforms. It happened that another friend Teng Zijing, who was demoted to Yueyang, was renovating Yueyang Tower and asked him to write a story about the tower. So he used the tower to write about the lake and expressed his feelings by the lake. The famous "Yueyang Tower". To this day, most tourists first know about such a building from this article. The sentence in the article, "Be anxious when the world is worried first, and be happy when the world is happy later" has become a idiom that most Chinese people can utter casually.
I don’t know which year or month, this scene and this building have been reconstructed by this article. At the beginning of the article, he praised this building as "connecting to Wu Gorge in the north and Xiaoxiang in the south." Therefore, people built a gate on the north and south sides of the building, with these two sentences engraved on them to enter the building. A huge wood carving in the middle hall, which is this This article has thick and smooth calligraphy, sprinkled with green powder, and has an antique look. Other descendants wrote poems and their thoughts were all focused on this article.
This can be regarded as an interesting strange thing: first the landscape is written into the article, and then the article is transformed into the landscape. In modern terms, it may be said that culture and nature are mutually generated. Here, the power of Chinese literature appears particularly powerful.
Fan Zhongyan is indeed a master of writing. He uses a rhythm similar to that of the waves of Dongting Lake to express the momentum of the scene description. When tourists look up and finish reading "The Story of Yueyang Tower" in the middle hall, and turn around, they will see two waves rolling in front of their eyes, and the roar in their ears will become louder. Taking advantage of the situation, Fan Zhongyan rushed forward and suddenly delivered a philosophical statement about worrying first and then rejoicing, which made people completely swallowed by the momentum. As a result, the vast Dongting Lake suddenly became a stand-in for the literati and poets. People look at it and think about life, honor and disgrace, and their mission. A trip is a time of self-cultivation.
The mind is big, but Dongting Lake is small.
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However, Dongting Lake is not so small.
Fan Zhongyan talked about the world from Dongting Lake, are you still young? Compared with the narrow-minded literati, his courage is indeed amazing, but the world he talks about is only the world in his mind. In a unified world, no matter how big it is, it is still small. In the whole world, there is nothing but the king's land. Therefore, Youye Leye is also a limited extension of Danqi Jinluan, not much bigger. Here, the Confucian world consciousness is much narrower than the cosmic consciousness originally possessed by Chinese culture.
Dongting Lake is a small universe.
Look, just as he was thinking this, Lu Dongbin appeared from behind Fan Zhongyan. Next to the Yueyang Tower, there is a Three-Drunken Pavilion. It is said that this Lu Yiren always came here to play with cranes and drink. Unfortunately, people didn't know him, so he wrote a poem on the Yueyang Tower:
"I traveled to the North Sea in the morning and the sky was green at dusk, and the green snake in my sleeve was brave. I was drunk for three times and the people in Yueyang didn't recognize it. I sang loudly and flew across Dongting Lake."
He was from the Tang Dynasty, and of course he wrote poems earlier than Fan Zhongyan. However, as soon as Fan Wen came out, his whereabouts were covered up. Later generations were dissatisfied and built another Sanzui Pavilion to worship the ancestor of Taoism. If you read Fan Wen and Lu's poems together, it really feels like "a scholar meets a soldier". Dignity and mischief, perseverance and broad-mindedness, tragic and funny are incompatible with each other. However, facing such a large Dongting Lake, should Fan Zhongyan be allowed to express his sorrow in a loud and clear voice, but not Lu Dongbin's elegant style? Chinese culture is not a musical note.
Lu Dongbin’s green snake, drunkenness, and indulgent laughter made Dongting Lake into a state of wonder.
At least, thinking of him, future generations will jump out of Fan Zhongyan and explore this strange lake. A tourist wrote a famous long couplet, which is now engraved in the building:
"What's so strange about the first floor, Du Shaoling's five-character masterpiece, Fan Xiwen's two-character love story, Teng Zijing's flourishing of all wastes, Lu Chunyang's three You must be drunk. Poetry? Confucianism? Liye? It makes me sad to see the ancients.
Take a look at the south of Dongting Lake and the Wu Gorge in the north. Shanxi is refreshing, and Yueyang City is east of Yanjiang. There is a true meaning in this. ”
He explained the complexity of Dongting Lake. , mystery, and incomprehensibility are written out. The vision is broad, the images are complex, and it has a modernist charm.
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Then, let’s go to Dongting Lake. I boarded the boat to go to Junshan Island.
It is extremely hot today. Maybe the summer in Dongting Lake is so hot. There was no wind, and even the waves were scorching. I remembered the famous saying of the ancients: "The steam steams the clouds and dreams, and the waves shake the Yueyang Tower." I only interpret the word "steam" as a common word.
Danna believes that climate has a decisive influence on culture. I didn’t believe it before. But when the heat of summer and severe winter come, I tend to believe again. Fan Zhongyan wrote "The Story of Yueyang Tower" on September 15th, which was a beautiful autumn day. The clear autumn sky made him think about the world; the bleak autumn wind stirred up some sadness in his heart. Even without looking at the date at the end of the article, I can roughly infer that this is an autumn poem. What if he comes like today? All clothes are removed, shirtless, sweating profusely, panting, there will be no trace of that article. Fan Zhongyan imagined Dongting Lake with rainy weather and Dongting Lake with bright scenery in spring, but that was only an idea in autumn. Dongting Lake has a huge climate change. It is a living organism with a strong personality. How can a mere cut-off contain it?
By extension, the same is true for China. A bottomless sea, facing the unpredictable celestial phenomena. What I am most impatient with is a few simple summaries of Chinese culture. Even if it is the most majestic lineage, it is always overbearing when used to control the whole situation, and it will always obliterate its rich rhythm of life. Those who have been wronged often retaliate in kind, holding up their own flags and marching towards the hegemony of the great unity. In fact, everyone is insignificant. Countless small combinations create a great scene.
Finally arrived at Junshan. This small island has lush trees and beautiful scenery. In particular, the number of cultural relics is staggering. It obviously has not been carefully designed by later generations to highlight any main relics. I just feel that they are completely opposite to each other but live in peace and harmony, and the three religions and nine streams are adjacent to each other in harmony. It is history, space, the torrent of day and night, and the night breeze in Dongting that have piled them together.
The blocking door is a stone carving for sealing the mountain, which is a legacy of Qin Shihuang. It is said that Qin Shihuang unified China and was patrolling Dongting. He happened to encounter a wild wave on the lake and was very annoyed. So he showed the majesty of the first generation feudal emperor and ordered the mountain to be closed. He was the earliest founder of feudal unification, with a magnificent spirit and determination to make Dongting Lake a docile subject.
However, no matter how you block it, Junshan is still open-minded. In its hinterland, there are the tombs of Yao's daughters Ehuang and Nuying. The erratic and magnificent myths show that they are much older than Qin Shihuang, sitting here. Two such beautiful princesses, with their flying skirts and fragrant tears, should have made future generations of Confucian scholars look down upon them. However, because of their father's holy name, they could not help but make Confucian scholars confused and confused.
There are ruins of ancient temples on the island. According to records, when Buddhism flourished, countless temples were crowded here. The lingering smoke and the sound of bells occupy the morning and evening of this small island. Since Lu Dongbin has been here several times, Taoism has also been very prosperous. Facing Qin Shihuang's sealing stone, these all seem a bit evil. But it was so long and solemn that the sealing stone could only remain silent.
There is a big tree on one side of the island, with an ancient bell embedded in it. According to history, this is a relic of Yang Mo, a rebel in the Song Dynasty. In order to fight against the Song Dynasty, Yang Mo guarded the island, and the Song Dynasty sent Yue Fei to conquer it. Whenever Yue Jun's ships appeared faintly, Yang Mo's troops would ring the bell here and prepare for battle.
Yue Fei is a hero who will go down in history. His anti-gold performance has given the strongest voice to the national spirit. But here, Yue Fei plays another role. This bell always rings another aspect of the national spirit. I once wandered in front of Yue's tomb in Hangzhou, and now I stared at this clock for a long time. I think that the two together are only a small part of the national spirit.
But no, Liu Yijing appeared in front of him again. There should be a Dragon Palace under Dongting Lake. There are steps down the well to the water surface, which seems to be the entrance to the Dragon Palace. Step by step, we will realize that there is a lively world under our feet. In that world, there is domination and instructions, but there is also romance and joy. A well just wants to connect two worlds. People have thought about it and believed it for so many years. Today, spacecraft are looking for other worlds from other exits.
…
The chaotic Junshan quietly displays the infinity of Chinese culture.
There are only a few tea farmers living on Junshan Island, and there are few other people waiting around. At night, the tourists all went back by boat, and the whole island was silent. The night tide of Dongting Lake gently lapped it, and it fell asleep on its side, holding a lot of secrets in its arms.
4
After returning to Shanghai, I have been unable to write this travelogue about Dongting Lake.
Suddenly I saw a piece of news about Dongting Lake from the newspaper, and it was like meeting an old friend. The news described a real and strange incident: a farmer in Hubei caught a turtle, perhaps out of compassion, carved a name and a ring on the turtle's back, then took it to Yueyang and put it into Dongting Lake. Unexpectedly, for eight consecutive years, the tortoise would crawl home regularly every year. Every time, he "raised his head high and looked at the master for a long time, as if he was quietly listening to the master's teachings, and seemed to be telling the master his ups and downs over the past year.
At least. Science has not yet been able to explain how this animal was able to climb such a long waterway and land route, accurately find an ordinary farmhouse, and find out the year and date so clearly. Is he really a member of the Dragon Palace?
Dongting Lake is once again shrouded in mysterious fog in front of my eyes.
We still know too little about this world, so we can survive and progress in life. Fun. When everything in the world can be explained clearly, life will become a simple track and a boring repetition. Looking at the myths of Ehuang and Nüying, I think of the Dragon Palace that Liu Yi visited. I should pay attention to the imagination of the ancients about magical events. Maybe this imagination contains deeper truths. The various measurement data of Dongting Lake are in my mind. You can find it on the bookshelf. I don’t want to look it up, I just want to keep a strange Dongting Lake in my heart.
There are many lakes I have visited. The mystery of Dongting Lake hides countless legends that are both true and illusory.
I’m just talking about the lake. There are also seas, forests, mountains and canyons... there are so many hidden things. What? I simply don’t dare to think about it. However, it is this kind of world, this kind of country, so many things.
Notes
1. Danchi Jinluan: In front of the house. The platform without eaves is called "Danqi" because it was often painted red in ancient times. It is often used in front of ceremonial buildings such as the main hall of palaces or temples. Jinluan, a palace in the Tang Dynasty, was later generally called the emperor's main palace. Chi, pronounced ㄔˊ.
2. Chaoyou Beihai Mu Cangwu: means you can go anywhere in the clouds and fog. The writing on the Yueyang Tower is actually "Chao Yu Bei Yue Mu Cang Wu". The author may have been influenced by the novel. In the second chapter of Journey to the West, it is called "North Sea": "Wukong said: "Why is it called "Chao Yu Bei Yue Mu Cang Wu"? ” The Patriarch said: “Everyone who rises in the clouds starts from the North Sea in the early morning, swims through the East China Sea, the West Sea, and the South China Sea, and then turns to the blue sky. Cangwu is the language of Lingling in Beihai. Only by traveling around the four seas in one day can you be considered to be able to reach the sky. ’” Chen Xingwu’s play review of Mr. Yu Qiuyu: “‘Beihai’ should be read as ‘North Vietnam’. See Lu Dongbin’s quatrains, No. 16 (Complete Tang Poems, Chinese Edition, p. 9696).
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3. The green snake in the sleeve is courageous: Lu Dongbin once tamed a giant python and made it change evil into good.
4. People in Yueyang didn’t recognize it after being drunk for three times: According to Yueyang customs records, Lu Dongbin was a good drinker and got drunk in Yueyang Tower for three times. There are his words on the building. During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, the "Wangxian Pavilion" was built on the right side of Yueyang Tower, which means "Wangxian Pavilion". During the Daoguang period, it was called "Doumu Pavilion" to worship the Big Dipper Star. When it was rebuilt in the sixth year of Tongzhi (1867), it was renamed "Sanzui Pavilion". It was rebuilt again in 1977 and the foundation was strengthened. The pavilion is nine meters high, with two floors and two eaves. It is a square palace-style building. The lower floor is painted with a drunken and reclining statue of Lu Dongbin, and the upper floor is decorated with a seated statue of Lu Dongbin, the "god of poetry and wine". Lu Chunyang is Lu Dongbin, named Yan, and was a Jinshi in the Tang Dynasty. Legend has it that he later went to Mount Zhongnan to practice Taoism and became an immortal. He became one of the "Eight Immortals" and named himself Chunyangzi. It is also said that "three drunkennesses" should be read as "three entrances". See the sixteenth quatrain of Lu Dongbin (Complete Tang Poems, Chinese version, page 9696).
5. Lang Yin Flying Over Dongting Lake: There is Lang Yin Pavilion to the south of Xiangfei Temple, which means "Long Yin Flying Over Dongting Lake" by Lu Dongbin. Lang Yin Pavilion is located on the left side of Junshan Longkou, with Yueyang Tower and Sanzui Pavilion on the opposite bank face each other in the distance. Lu Dongbin swam through Yueyang several times. After flying to Junshan, he washed his feet in a spring, lay down high on the mountain, and played with the moon at night. So later generations built a two-story "Lang Yin Pavilion" where he drank wine and chanted loudly, and lay drunk and slept soundly.
6. Yanjiang, east of Yuezhou City: Yuezhou, Yuezhou was established in the Sui Dynasty. The administrative seat was Baling (today's Yueyang City). It was renamed Lu in the Yuan Dynasty, Fu in the Ming Dynasty, and Baling County was established in the Southern Dynasty and Song Dynasty. Yuezhou City is now Yueyang City. Dongdao Yanjiang refers to the continuous mountains from east to west. Yanjiang refers to the boundary of mountains and rocks; some people also interpret it as "Yazhou Frontier", saying "Yazhou refers to the area in southern Guangdong today", which may be too far-reaching.
7. Zhu: Zhu is the place where water stops and gathers. In the Tang Dynasty Han Yu's poem about Yueyang Tower, Dou Kezhi's poem contains the line "The river is seven hundred miles long, and it accommodates all the special features."
8. Stander: upright and towering.
9. Zhenzhe: The main mountain of a side is called a town, which describes the appearance of a powerful mountain controlling that side.
10. Chew and bite your tongue. Describes the appearance of being speechless due to wonder, fear, and regret. What, the sound is ㄗㄜˊ.
11. 裾: Sounds like ㄐㄩ, the back part of clothes.
12. Heart flag: It is a metaphor for a person’s restlessness, like a waving flag.
13. Yang Mo: A peasant uprising in the Dongting Lake area in the early Southern Song Dynasty, and a native of Wuling, Dingzhou (now Changde, Hunan) in the late Northern Song Dynasty. Zhong Xiang used religious activities to organize the masses in his hometown, and was called "Master" or "Tian Dasheng". At the beginning of the second year of Jingkang (1127), the Jin invaded. Zhong Xiang organized a militia of 300 people and ordered his eldest son Zhong Ziang to lead the "King Qin" northward. This team was ordered to be sent back by Zhao Gou, Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty who had just ascended the throne, before they came into contact with the Jin soldiers. Prime Minister Zhong used this team as the basis to plan an uprising. After the death of Zhong Xiang, the tribesmen continued to fight under the leadership of Yang Mo and others. Yang Mo was the youngest among the leaders. In Chu language, young people were called Mo, so they called him "Mo Lang" or "Yang Mo". He gradually became a leader supported by all members of the rebel army. Yang Mo built water fortresses and warships around Dongting Lake, and implemented the strategic policy of "land farming and water warfare", which enabled the rebel army to develop rapidly. In the spring of the fifth year of Shaoxing, Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty dispatched Yue Fei to suppress the rebel army, and sent Prime Minister Zhang Jun to personally supervise the battle. Yang Mo fought hard and was captured and sacrificed. The uprising lasted for six and a half years.
14. Liu Yijing: From the biography of Liu Yi by Li Chaowei of the Tang Dynasty. According to legend, Liu Yi, a scholar in the Tang Dynasty, went to Beijing to take the exam and failed. When passing through the Jinghe area of ??Shaanxi Province, he met a beautiful young shepherd girl covering her face and crying. She claimed to be the daughter of the Dragon Lord of Dongting. She married the second son of the Dragon Lord of Jinghe River and received all kinds of gifts from her husband's family. Abuse, Liu Yi was specially asked to pass on the family letter. Liu Yi agreed wholeheartedly and followed the instructions of the Dragon Girl. He came to a well in Junshan and knocked three times under a big orange tree with the gold hairpin given by the Dragon Girl. A water god came out of the well and guided Liu Yi into the Dragon Palace, and handed the letter to him. Talking to the Dragon Lord, Beiyan was told that the princess was suffering miserably, and the whole Dragon Palace burst into tears, which alerted the Dragon Lord's younger brother Qiantang Lord. In a rage, he flew to the Jinghe River, swallowed the little dragon, and rescued the princess. In order to thank Liu Yi for saving his daughter, Long Jun wanted to betroth the princess to him, but Liu Yi politely declined and went home alone.
Dragon Girl admired Liu Yi very much as a person, so she became a folk girl named Lu, and finally married Liu Yi and lived together for hundreds of years. In order to commemorate Liu Yi's character of being brave when seeing justice, being anxious for others' difficulties, and not seeking repayment, the well was renamed Liu Yi's well, and a "book-passing pavilion" was built next to the well to record his events.
15. Silence: Silence.阒, the sound is ㄑㄩˋ.