Bei Mo Ting" is from Li Bai's "Jinjinjiu"
The original text is as follows:
Don't you see it, the water of the Yellow River comes up from the sky and rushes to the sea. Come back.
I don’t see you, the bright mirror in the high hall is sad and white, and the morning is like blue silk and the evening is snow.
If you are happy in life, don’t let the golden bottle look at the moon. >
I am destined to be useful, and I will come back after spending all my money.
It is fun to cook sheep and slaughter cattle, and you will have to drink three hundred cups at a time.
Master Cen, Dan Qiusheng, when you are about to drink, don’t stop drinking.
Please listen to a song with your ears. Drums, food and jade are not expensive, but I hope I won’t wake up after being drunk for a long time. Leave his name behind. , I must sell it to you.
The five-flowered horse, the golden fur, will be exchanged for fine wine, and I will sell the eternal sorrow with you.
Don't you see that? The water of the Yellow River rushes from the sky, and the waves roll straight to the East China Sea, never flowing back.
Can't you see the old parents lamenting their gray hair in the mirror, which is still full in the morning? Why did your black hair turn to snow-white in the evening?
(So) When you are proud of your life, you should indulge in joy and don’t let this golden cup face the moon empty without wine.
Everyone’s birth must have its own value and meaning. Even if a thousand taels of gold are spent, it can still be obtained again.
Let’s cook sheep and slaughter cows for fun (today). ) Drinking three hundred cups at once is not too much!
Master Cen, drink quickly!
Let me sing for you. A song, please listen carefully to me:
How precious is it to live a luxurious life eating delicacies from the mountains and seas all day long, and only hope to live in a dream and die without wanting to wake up?
Since ancient times, there have been no sages. Not being lonely, only those who know how to drink can leave a good reputation.
Did you know that King Chen Cao Zhi held a banquet in the past and drank a lot to make the guests and hosts happy? p>
Master, why do you say you don’t have much money? Just buy some wine for us to drink together.
Those precious five-flowered horses and expensive fox furs, take yours. Children call out, let him exchange it for fine wine, let us eliminate this endless eternal sorrow! Comments
Jiangjinjiu: It belongs to the old title of Yuefu. Jiang (qiāng): please. .
Jun Bu Jian: A commonly used compliment in Yuefu. The Yellow River originates from Qinghai, so it is called Gaotang: Gaotang: of a house. The main hall. One refers to parents. Qingsi: refers to soft black hair. Cheng Xue: One work is "Like Snow".
Satisfied and happy.
Hui Xu: It should be right.
Master Cen: Cen Xun. Dan Qiu Sheng: Yuan Dan Qiu. Both of them are Li Bai's friends.
The cup will never stop: One work is "The king will never stop".
Yujun: For you, for you. Jun refers to Cen and Yuan.
Listen with one ear: one means "listen with one ear".
Bells and drums: musical instruments used by wealthy families to play music at banquets.馔(zhuàn) jade: describes food as exquisite as jade.
No more waking up: There are also versions of "no need to wake up" or "unwilling to wake up".
Chen Wang: refers to Chen Si Wang Cao Zhi. Pingle: Observe the name. Outside the west gate of Luoyang, it was an entertainment place for the rich and distinguished people of the Han Dynasty.棣
Ji Shenye's calligraphy "will enter the wine" Ji Shenye's calligraphy "will enter the wine"?
Indulge as much as you like. Jie (xuè): play. ⒀Speaking of less money: One work is "Speaking of less money".
Jingxu: Just do it. Buy: buy.
Five-flowered horse: refers to a precious horse. One says that the hair color is five-patterned, and the other says that the long hair on the neck is trimmed into five petals.
Er: You. Pin: same as "eliminate".
There is also a saying that "I hope I will stay drunk and never wake up."
Creative background
In the early years of Emperor Xuanzong's Tianbao reign, Li Bai was recommended by the Taoist Wu Renjun and recruited to Beijing by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, who ordered Li Bai to be enshrined in the Imperial Academy. Soon, due to the slander of the powerful, Li Bai was expelled from the capital in the third year of Tianbao (744), and Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty granted him gold and released him. After that, Li Bai wandered around the Jianghuai area, feeling extremely depressed, and once again embarked on a long journey to travel around the mountains and rivers of his motherland.
There are different opinions about the time when this poem was written. Huang Xigui's "Catalog of Li Taibai's Collected Poems" was published in the 11th year of Tianbao (752). It is generally believed that this was written when Li Baibai left Beijing during the Bao period, roamed the Liang and Song Dynasties, and met his friends Cen Xun and Yuan Danqiu.
At this time, it had been 8 years since Li Bai was "granted and released" by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. During this period, Li Bai and his friend Cen Xun (Cen Fuzi) were invited many times to the Yingyang Mountain residence of another friend Yuan Danqiu (Dan Qiusheng) in Songshan Mountain. The three of them climbed high to have banquets and wine and songs. The poet was politically marginalized and beaten, and his ideals could not be realized. He often resorted to drinking to vent his pent-up feelings. There is no better pleasure in life than drinking with friends, and the author is at a time when he is "embracing talents for the world but not meeting them", so it is inappropriate to use wine to create poetry and express his grievances.
Appreciation
Jiujiu is a title of Yuefu songs before the Tang Dynasty. Most of the content is about drinking wine and singing. In this poem, Li Bai "used the topic to express his anger" and used wine to drink away his sorrow. This poem very vividly expresses Li Bai's unruly character: on the one hand, he is full of confidence in himself and aloof and arrogant; on the other hand, after the twists and turns in his political future, he reveals his indulgence in enjoyment. The whole poem is heroic, unrestrained in emotion, fluent in language, and highly contagious.
Li Bai's poems about wine can best express his personality. Although these poems were written after Chang'an Fanghui, they have deeper ideological content and more mature artistic expression. "Jianjinjiu" is his masterpiece.
"Jiangjinjiu" was originally a melody of a Han Yuefu short flute and cymbal song. The title means "a song to encourage wine", so the ancient poem goes like "Jiangjinjiu, ride on the big white". The author's famous poem "Fill it in to express his own intention" (Xiao Shiyun's "Classification Supplementary Notes on Li Taibai's Poems") was written about the eleventh year of Tianbao (752). At that time, he and his friend Cen Xun were in Songshan with another friend Yuan Dan. Qiu's Yingyang Mountain residence was a guest, and the three of them had a high-level banquet ("Rewarding Cen Xun when he saw Xun Yuan Dan, Qiu treated each other with wine and poems to show the move": "Not thousands of miles away, the messenger came to greet each other. Yuan Dan met in the middle) Qiu, I climbed the mountain to feast in the blue sky. I suddenly thought about me while drinking, and I roared in the clear sky." There is no better pleasure in life than drinking with friends, and the author was at a time when he was "embracing talents for the world but not meeting them" (Xiao Shiyun), so he was filled with untimely poetry and poetry through wine, and expressed himself vividly.
The beginning of the poem is two sets of long parallel sentences, as if the wind, sea and rain are rushing toward the reader. "If you don't see it, the water of the Yellow River comes up from the sky and rushes to the sea and never returns." Yingyang is not far from the Yellow River. You can climb up and take a closer look, so you can use it to get excited. The Yellow River has a long origin and a huge drop. It is like falling from the sky, flowing thousands of miles, and heading east to the sea. Such a magnificent scene is definitely not visible to the naked eye. The author is imaginary, "acquired from his own words", and his words are exaggerated. The first sentence says that the coming of the great river is irresistible; the second sentence writes that the great river is going and irreversible. It rises and then subsides, creating a reciprocating chanting flavor that cannot be found in short single sentences (such as "The Yellow River falls to the sky and walks to the East China Sea"). Immediately afterwards, "Don't you see, the bright mirror in the high hall has sad white hair, and the morning is like blue silk and turns to snow at dusk." If the first two sentences are an exaggeration of the spatial category, these two sentences are an exaggeration of the time category. Lamenting that life is short, he does not bluntly say that he hurts his boss, but says that "the mirror in the high hall is sad and has white hair." It is like a painting of scratching one's head and looking at the shadow, saying nothing. The whole process of life from youth to aging is described as a matter of "morning" and "twilight", and the originally short-lived things are said to be more short-lived, which is "reverse" to the first two sentences, which said that the originally magnificent things are even more magnificent. exaggerate. Therefore, the long series of parallel sentences at the beginning of the chapter both have a metaphorical meaning - using the river water to never return to symbolize the perishability of life, and also have a contrasting effect - using the great and eternal greatness of the Yellow River to represent the small and fragile nature of life.
When it comes to "only the drinker leaves his name", he cited the "King of Chen" Cao Zhi as a representative. He also adapted the sentence from his "Famous Capital Chapter": "When you return, you will have a feast, and you will fight with ten thousand fine wines." Since ancient times, drunkards have experienced many experiences, and they favored "King Chen". This is inseparable from Li Bai's always pretentiousness. The people he set as role models were high-ranking figures such as Xie An, and among such figures, "King Chen" was more closely related to wine. many. It is written with style and is consistent with the extremely confident tone of the previous article. Furthermore, the "King of Chen" Cao Zhi was highly jealous during the Pi and Rui dynasties, and it was difficult to develop his ambitions, which also aroused the poet's sympathy. The first mention of "ancient sages" and the second mention of "Chen King" Cao Zhi are full of injustice. At first, this poem seems to only involve emotions about life, without any political overtones. In fact, the whole poem is full of profound sorrow and anger and belief in oneself. The reason why poetry is sad but not sad, and sad but strong, is rooted in this.
Having just revealed a little more depth, he returned to talking about wine, and he seemed to be even more excited about it. The following poems are wild again, and getting more and more wild. "Master, why do you say so little money?" not only echoes the sentence "All the gold is gone", but also pretends to be ups and downs, leading to the last heroic words: Even if all the gold is gone, you should not hesitate to give up the famous treasure-"Five-flowered Horse" (coat color) They make fine horses with five patterns) and "thousand gold furs" in exchange for fine wine, hoping to get drunk and then rest. The beauty of this ending lies not only in the loud tone of "hu'er" and "you'er"; it also has a kind of arbitrary attitude that the author may not be aware of at the moment. It should be noted that the poet is just a guest invited to drink by his friends. At this moment, he is sitting on a high table, pointing angrily, proposing to pawn a fur for a horse, which makes people wonder who the "master" is. Very romantic. A quick word can only come from a bold and informal way of making decisions. The poetry is so wild that it makes people sigh and sing, and they want to "dance with their hands and dance with their feet." The emotion is still lingering, the poem has come to an end, and suddenly another sentence bursts out: "I will sell the eternal sorrow with you", which is closely related to the "sadness" at the beginning, and the meaning of "eternal sorrow" is even deeper. The ending of "white clouds disappear from the sky and disappear with the wind" shows the poet's torrent of emotions. Looking at the whole article, there are really ups and downs, and it would be impossible to do it without a huge pen.
"Jiangjinjiu" is not long in length, but the five tones are complex and the atmosphere is extraordinary. The writing is full of ink, the emotions are extremely sad and angry and the writing is wild, and the language is extremely bold and calm. The poem has the momentum and power to shock ancient and modern times. This is indeed related to the exaggeration technique. For example, the poem often uses huge numbers ("a thousand pieces of gold", "three hundred cups", "a fight of ten thousand cups of wine", "a thousand pieces of gold", "eternal sorrow"). ", etc.) expresses heroic poetic sentiment without giving people a sense of hollowness and exaggeration. The root of this lies in its rich and deep inner feelings, the turbulent emotions of anger hidden under the drinking conversation. In addition, the whole article has great ups and downs, and the poetic mood suddenly changes from sadness to joy, to wildness, to anger, then to wildness, and finally ends in "eternal sorrow". In response to the beginning of the chapter, it is like a rushing river, with momentum and excitement. It twists and turns, twists and turns vertically and horizontally, and can carry the cauldron with its strength. His songs include the writing method of the song, as well as the uncanny craftsmanship and the beauty of "breaking the path of pen and ink", which cannot be learned by engraving, nor can it be achieved by others. The whole article is mainly composed of seven words, and is "broken" by thirty or fifty words, which are extremely inconsistent and intricate; the poems are mainly composed of prose, and are also touched by short antitheses (such as "Master Cen, Dan Qiu Sheng" , "Five-flowered Horse, Thousand-Gold Fur"), the rhythm is fast and changing, unrestrained but not sloppy. "Tang Shi Bie Cai" says that "those who read Li's poems in the majestic and rapid way, and get the spirit of profoundness and elegance, are the faces of the immortals." This article is worthy of it.