The Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove were seven famous celebrities in the Wei and Jin Dynasties. They often played together under the bamboo forest, and their relationship could be called sworn friends. Perhaps their lifestyle was the envy of many literati at that time. They could play and drink as they pleased without any restrictions. However, there are also some derogatory views on the various customs brought about by the Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove. However, most people at that time recognized these seven celebrities. So what is so powerful about the Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove that makes them respected by all parties? Woolen cloth? This time, let’s talk about the story of the Seven Sages of the Bamboo Forest. Friends who want to know more about it can come and read it. 1. The "Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove" are harmonious but different
In fact, none of the "Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove" were from Shanyang. According to relevant historical records, only Ji Kang, a native of Zhi County, Qiao State (224-263) Most of them "live in Shanyang". Ruan Ji (210-263) and Ruan Xian (222-278) were from Chenliuwei's family. Ruan Ji was Ruan Xian's uncle. They were uncle-nephew. Liu Ling (221-300) was from the state of Pei, Xiang Xiu (227-272) and Shan Tao (205-283) were from Huai County, Hanoi, and Wang Rong (234-305) came from the famous Langya Wang family.
The seven of them all have virtuous names and advocate metaphysics, but they are different. Xiang Xiu believed that Mingjiao could be integrated with nature; while Shan Tao and Wang Rong tended to "mix Confucianism"; Ji Kang, Ruan Ji, Ruan Xian, and Liu Ling respected the learning of Lao and Zhuang more.
The seven people became official officials in the Wei and Jin Dynasties respectively, but their circumstances were different and their political attitudes were also different.
Ji Kang, Liu Lian and Ruan Ji only served during the Cao Wei period and were not interested in becoming officials in the Jin Dynasty.
Ji Kang, nicknamed Shuye, was the spiritual leader of the "Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove". He was once worshiped as a doctor by Zhongsan, and was called "Ji Zhongsan" at that time. His wife was Cao Cao's great-granddaughter, the master of Changle Pavilion.
Liu Ling, nicknamed Bolun, was known as the "Drunken Marquis". He only served in the army under the shogunate of General Wang Rong of Jianwei, and never became an official again.
Ruan Ji, whose given name is Si Zong, once served as an infantry captain and was known as "Ruan Infantry" in the world. He later served as a lieutenant and a regular attendant on casual cavalry.
Xiang Xiu, courtesy name Ziqi, was originally a hermit who was "elegant, good at reading, and talented". After Ji Kang was killed, he was forced to become an official in the Jin Dynasty at the age of 40, and served successively as Huangmen Shilang. , casual cavalry, regular attendant and other positions.
Ruan Xian's courtesy name was Zhongrong. Because Emperor Wu of the Jin Dynasty was not optimistic about him, he was demoted from Sanqi Shilang to Shiping Prefecture, and died without any illness.
Shantao, also known as Juyuan, was lonely and poor in his early years. He did not serve as the county administrator until he was forty years old. Later, he entered the Jin Dynasty and served as Dahonglu, Shizhong, Minister of the Ministry of Personnel, Prince Shaofu, Zuo Pushe, etc. Situ and other important positions were later granted the title of Xindabo.
Wang Rong, whose courtesy name was Junchong, inherited his father's title and became an official. Due to his military merits, he was moved to the position of Marquis of Anfeng County. Later, he held positions almost similar to those of Shan Tao and held high positions.
Generally speaking, the "Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove" have all held positions, but they do not adhere to etiquette and advocate the metaphysical concept of "quietness and inaction".
These "harmonies but differences" made them often organized by the elder Shan Tao, and mostly used the Shanyang residence where Ji Kang lived as the scope of their activities, gathering in the Shanyang bamboo forest and letting loose. They drank and had fun uninhibitedly, and formed a touching "irreconcilable friendship".
In ancient times, they were called the "Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove". 2. The "Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove" are the same but not the same
The "Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove" are dominated by the metaphysical concept of "quietness and inaction". Their lifestyles are famous for their detachment from things, the pursuit of freedom, and their refusal to follow the crowd. This shows that Eclectic, same but inconsistent:
The most prominent expression is drinking. The "Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove" all love wine, but their preferences are different.
Liu Ling, known as "Liu Ling's Sick Drink" and "Liu Ling's Drunken Drink", is the most famous for his drinking. He is the best drinker among the seven and the craziest drinker. , often "drinking is the only thing, how can I know the rest". However, although Liu Ling was drunk all day long, he went to sleep obediently after getting drunk without disturbing others at all, leaving behind the everlasting song of "Liu Ling is drunk".
Ruan Ji is also famous for his good wine. For the three hundred cans of good wine in the infantry camp, he took the initiative to apply to be an infantry captain there; while playing chess with someone, he heard that his mother had passed away, but he insisted on playing chess with his opponent and drank until he vomited blood. Then he cried loudly.
When Ruan Xian drinks, he doesn’t use a wine glass, but uses a big basin, like a pig eating. He also drinks and plays the harp, which makes him very happy. For this reason, Ruan Xian left the joke of "drinking with hogs".
Shantao drank very moderately, never exceeding eight cups. Wang Rong could both binge drink and control himself. Only Xiang Xiu is not good at drinking, let alone excessive drinking.
When the seven of them get together to drink, they are very casual. They drink as much as they want according to their own drinking capacity. They do not persuade each other to drink, nor do they gamble. They do not compare who drinks more or who drinks. Get less. They only care about enjoying the mountains and rivers and getting happiness.
This kind of banquet was highly praised by people of the time.
Secondly, the "Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove" also left behind some shocking deeds that were different from ordinary people: anecdotes such as Ruan Ji's "drunk avoidance of relatives" and his "green and white eyes" treatment of others are very popular. .
Sima Zhao wanted to marry Ruan Ji and asked people to come to propose marriage. Ruan Ji was always seen drinking. He was drunk and unconscious every time. This happened for 60 days in a row. The person who proposed marriage could not speak, so he had to respond. For this reason, Sima Zhao had no choice but to give up and said: Alas! Forget it, let this drunkard go.
After Ruan Ji's mother passed away, if he treated the people who came to express condolences with a favor, it meant that the person was a close friend; Ruan Ji has the reputation of "treating others with green eyes".
Ruan Xian often enjoys showing off his shabby clothes when others are showing off their gorgeous clothes.
Liu Ling often rides in a deer cart, carrying a pot of wine, and has people follow him carrying a shovel: "If you die, bury me."
Ji Kang had a good relationship with Shan Tao. However, when Shan Tao, who was in a high position, recommended Ji Kang to become an official in the Jin Dynasty, Ji Kang cursed Shan Tao and wrote the famous "Being with Shan Tao" "Yuan Jue Di Jia Shu".
Wang Rong was the youngest among the "Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove". When his mother passed away and during the mourning period, he did not follow the rituals and continued to watch and play chess, drink wine and eat meat.
This is the similarity but not the unity of the "Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove", which mostly reflects their magnanimity in acting spontaneously. 3. The talents and reputations of the "Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove"
In addition to being harmonious but different, common but not consistent, the "Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove" also have extraordinary talents and have left many virtuous names to future generations:
The most prominent one is Ji Kang. He is the spiritual leader of the "Seven Sages in the Bamboo Grove". " and other famous works. He is also proficient in music and especially loves to play the qin. He is a famous musician. He has written four qin tunes: "Changqing", "Duanqing", "Changside" and "Shortside", which are also known as "Ji's Four" "Nong", combined with Cai Yong's "Five Nongs", became "Nine Nongs". Whether the "Nine Nongs" could play became a condition for Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty to become an official. In addition, Ji Kang advocated the metaphysical thought of "quietness and no desire". He was good at calligraphy, cursive calligraphy, and painting. He wrote famous paintings such as "The Picture of a Lion Attacking an Elephant" and "The Picture of Washing the Ears by a Nest".
It is a pity that such a famous person who combined thought, literature, art and music in Dacheng was offended by the powerful Sili school captain Zhong Hui and was slandered by Sima Zhao. Killing, at the age of forty, was the shortest among the "Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove".
Before Ji Kang died, he played "Guangling San" on the harp, which later became a famous song. Jin Yong quoted this song in his famous work "The Swordsman", and it became a household name and spread widely.
The second is the musician Ruan Xian. The plucked instrument "Da Ruan" we use today originated from him. This wild and uninhibited Ruan Xian was actually a famous musician at that time. He knew how to understand the rhythm, played a good pipa, and his "Lv Yi" was passed down to the world. In order to commend Ruan Xian's outstanding musical talent, later generations named the ancient pipa he played after him. This is the origin of "Da Ruan".
Once again it is Liu Ling, Wang Rong, Ruan Ji, Xiang Xiu and Shan Tao.
Liu Ling has famous works such as the poem "Beimang Guest House" and the parallel prose "Ode to Wine and Virtue" handed down to the world. He also left behind "Exposing the Pei Dang Wu", "Ji Ri Zun Fist", "Zhen Qu Jie" Idioms such as "Zhao", "Five buckets to solve the problem", "Taotao Wuwu", "Wine to solve the problem", etc. have also become typical examples of people who despise etiquette and indulge in drinking to avoid the world.
Wang Rongze left behind the ever-lasting stories of "never picking off the bad things on the road" and "seeing others".
When Wang Rong was seven years old, he was playing with his friends on the roadside. The plum tree beside the road was full of plums. The friends were busy picking plums, but Wang Rong did not go. The neighbors were very curious. , and asked Wang Rong why he didn't pick plums. Wang Rong replied that the plums were bitter. If they were crisp and delicious, they must have been picked. Sure enough, the facts proved what Wang Rong said.
Wang Rong was very foresighted about his people. When he saw that his brother Wang Yan did not want to see Sun Xiu, the envoy of Langya County, he persuaded Wang Yan to give more good comments to Sun Xiu. Sun Xiu later took power and killed the court officials. , but treated the two brothers Wang Yan and Wang Rong kindly; Wang Rong knew that his brother Wang Dun was "unkind" and often complained that he was ill, so they gradually became estranged. Later, Wang Dun rebelled, and Wang Rong did not suffer. implicated.
Ruan Ji is famous for his five-character poems, and he is very good at writing poems about his feelings. He has 820 poems handed down from generation to generation (i.e., "Eighty-two poems about his feelings"), as well as 9 essays and 6 poems. His representative works include " "Mr. Master's Biography", "Dazhuang Lun", "Qingsi Fu", etc. are all included in "Ruan Jiji".
The writer Xiang Xiu has famous works such as "Reminiscence of the Past", "Zhuangzi's Hidden Interpretation", "Zhuangzi's Notes", and "Nanji Shuye's Theory of Health Preservation" handed down to the world.
Shan Tao's main achievements are in his official career, and he is known for his recommendation of talents and "good governance"; he is also good at calligraphy, such as "Chunhua Pavilion Notes"; many of his literary works have been lost. , the current five-volume collection is included in "Quan Jinwen". 4. How come the "Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove" who combine talents and eccentricities are recognized by the world?
The "Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove" were born in the Wei and Jin Dynasties. On the one hand, he is eccentric and spontaneous, truly combining talent and eccentricity. So, why are the "Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove" recognized by the world?
The reason is not only their true temperament, but also their great achievements in literature and art, their ability to judge the situation, and their weird behavior as a solution. Amulet, in order to seek the survival and development space required to adapt to the environment based on reality.
Therefore, when they blossomed their talents, they focused on being eccentric and refined in order to avoid the crazy and bloody killings of the politicians during the Wei and Jin Dynasties.
At that time, the Wei and Jin dynasties had a long history of indiscriminate killing of celebrities, which had a very bad impact.
Since Cao Wei, Cao Cao, who said "I would rather betray the world than the world betrays me", brutally killed scholars, such as the deaths of Sun Rong, Xun Yu, Yang Xiu and others, which made people at that time The celebrities felt that their lives were in danger; later, after Cao Pi came to the throne, he killed Ding Yi, Ding Gong and others. After the Sima clan established the Western Jin Dynasty, the killing of scholars continued, such as Huan Fan, Wang Ling, Xia Houxuan, Zhuge Dan, etc. Killing, especially Ji Kang, the spiritual leader of the "Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove", offended Zhong Hui for his upright words and deeds, and refused to rely on the Western Jin Dynasty. After being wrongly killed by Sima Zhao, a cruel and bloody storm was set off.
In such a miserable environment, the later celebrities of the Wei and Jin Dynasties had no choice but to compromise.
Xiang Xiu’s experience is a good illustration. Xiang Xiu, who was originally an expert hermit, met Sima Zhao when he was 40 years old, killed Ji Kang and forced him to leave the mountain. In desperation, Xiang Xiu had no choice but to agree to become an official, and successively held the positions of Sanqi Shilang, Huangmen Shilang, and Sanqi Changshi.
This is specifically described in the "Book of Jin". The book states that Xiang Xiu had no choice but to follow his will and reply against his will: People like Chao Fu and Xu You are not I understand that Emperor Yao was eager for talents, so his life of seclusion is not something to envy.
It can be seen that the reason why the "Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove" display wild and uninhibited weird behaviors in daily life is because they cannot express their feelings directly, so they have to use obscure and tortuous ways to express their noble feelings.
In other words, the "Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove" are "pretending to be ignorant" and using willful behavior to cover up themselves.
Only in this way can they avoid ending up like Ji Kang.