An exhortation
Dynasty: Han dynasty
Author: Zhuge Liang
Original text:
A gentleman's journey is quiet to cultivate one's morality, and frugal to cultivate one's morality. Not cold, not awake, not quiet, not far away. If you study quietly, you must study. If you don't study, you won't learn widely. If you have no ambition, you can't succeed. You can't work hard if you are slow, and you can't work hard if you are in danger. Time goes by, meaning goes by, and then becomes withered, not meeting the world, and staying in a poor house sadly. What will happen? (indifferent work: mooring; Slow down: slow down)
translate
The character of a gentleman is to improve self-cultivation from tranquility and cultivate morality from thrift. You can't be clear about your ambitions without being quiet, and you can't achieve your lofty goals without excluding external interference. Learning must be calm and single-minded, and talent comes from learning. Therefore, if you don't study, you won't grow up, and if you don't have ambition, you won't get results. Indulging in laziness can't cheer you up, nor can impatience and adventure cultivate your temperament. Time flies, and the will passes with the years. In the end, most of them are out of touch with the world and are not used by society. They can only sit in the poor house sadly. How could they regret it at that time?
To annotate ...
(1) Caution: Warn and advise people to be vigilant.
(2) Fu (fú): The first few words of a paragraph or sentence lead to the following discussion, which has no practical significance. Gentleman: A person of noble character. Refers to ethics, morality and conduct.
(3) Cultivation: personal moral cultivation.
(4) self-cultivation: self-cultivation.
⑸ (dàn) Bo: Also written as "indifferent", quiet and not greedy for fame and fortune. Peace of mind, nameless greed. No desire. Zhi Ming: Show your ambition.
[6] Quiet: This refers to being quiet, concentrating and not distracting. Zhiyuan: achieve big goals.
(7) talent: talent.
(8) Widespread talents: increase talents.
9. realize, realize.
⑽ (tā o) Slow: Whatever. Slow: slack, lazy. Fatigue: dedication, concentration, encouragement and excitement.
⑾ Adventure and impetuousness: Adventure and impatience, narrowness and impetuousness are opposite to the above-mentioned "tranquility". Governance: "governance" leads to "metallurgy" and cultivates temperament.
⑿ and: follow. Chi: sprint, which means growth here.
[13] day: time. Go: die, die.
[14] Therefore, just. Litter: Litter, which means falling like a dead leaf, describes people passing away in their prime.
⒂ Overmeeting the needs of the world: it means no contribution to society. Connecting with the world, contacting society and undertaking affairs are beneficial to society. It means "using the world".
[14] poor house: broken house.
⒄ What will happen? How can it be too late?
⒅ Dull: Overenjoying and slacking off. Prostitution: excessive.
Distinguish and appreciate
Most of the ancient family instructions condensed the author's life experience, life experience and academic thoughts, from which not only his descendants benefited a lot, but also today's readers can benefit a lot. Zhuge Liang, the prime minister of Shu and Han in the Three Kingdoms, was praised as "the embodiment of wisdom" by later generations. His Ten Commandments is also a family instruction full of wisdom and a masterpiece of ancient family instruction. This paper expounds the profound truth of self-cultivation and scholarship, which is thought-provoking to read. It can also be seen as Zhuge Liang's summary of his life, and later became a famous piece of self-cultivation and determination to get married.
The main purpose of "The Book of Commandments" is to persuade my son to study hard and be determined, and to cultivate self-cultivation should work hard from indifference and tranquility, and avoid laziness and impatience. Summarize the experience of being a man and doing research, focus on the word "quiet", and at the same time attribute the failure to the word "mania", which is in sharp contrast.
In the Commandment, Zhuge Liang taught his son to be "quiet" and "quiet", encouraged his son to study hard and motivate himself, and made great efforts from his quiet cultivation. He said, "If you study quietly, you have to study. If you don't learn, you won't have a wide range of talents. If you have no ambition, you have no chance to learn. " It means that without stability and tranquility, you can't study hard for a long time in order to realize your lofty ideals. To gain real knowledge, you must study and discuss your body and mind in peace. People's talents are accumulated from constant learning. You can't grow and develop your talents without hard work; Without firm will, you can't succeed in your studies. Zhuge Liang educated his son not to be impetuous and not to act rashly. In the second half of the letter, he taught his son in a fatherly tone: if the young don't work hard, the old will be sad. This seems like a cliche, but it was taught by a loving father to his son. Every word is the truth in his heart and the summary of his life, so it is especially cherished.
This book of commandments not only expounds the ways and methods of self-cultivation, but also points out the relationship between determination and learning. It not only explains the importance of tranquility and indifference, but also points out the harm of indulgence, neglect and extreme impatience. Zhuge Liang is not only strict with his son in general principles, but also shows subtle concern for his children in some specific matters. In this book of commandments, there is the power of tranquility: "quiet to cultivate one's morality" and "no peace is far away"; Have the power of thrift: "frugality and morality"; Have detached power: "not at home, absent-minded"; Have the motivation to learn: "Be quiet when studying, so study"; Inspirational power: "no learning and no skills, no learning and no skills"; The power of speed: "If you are slow, you will not get excited"; Strength of character: "Danger can't cure sex"; Have the power to cherish time: "Time goes with the times, meaning goes with time"; Have the power of imagination: "if you become withered, you will not meet this world, you will stay in poverty, where will you return?" ; Have simple power. There are only dozens of articles in this article, and the information conveyed is much better than a long speech.
The article is short and pithy, fresh and elegant, unpretentious and approachable, which are the characteristics of this article.