Mei Lanfang (1894- 196 1), a famous Peking Opera artist, was born in Taizhou, Jiangsu Province. The first of the "Four Famous Dan", he was born in a family of Peking Opera, and his grandfather Mei Qiaoling was one of the "Thirteen Musts of Tongguang". Father Mei Zhufen is a Beijing-Kunming actor. Mother Yang Changyu is the daughter of famous martial artist Yang Longshou. Uncle Mei Yutian is a pianist in Tan Xinpei. Mei Lanfang's parents died young and was raised by her uncle Mei Yutian. He began to learn drama at the age of eight, studied Tsing Yi with Wu Lingxian at the age of nine, and entered the stage at the age of ten. 1908, Ta Xi performed in a class, and studied Qin Zhifen, Hu Ergeng and Hua Dan at the same time. He studied hard and practiced hard, and his art gradually matured. 19 13 was invited to perform in Shanghai for the first time. Wang Fengqing is the first, and he is the second. Wang Fengqing is a well-known student in North and South China, and Mei Lanfang is a rookie. With Wang's enthusiasm, he performed "Muke Zhai" for the first time, and successfully completed Mu's artistic image, which was warmly welcomed by the Shanghai audience. 19 14, Mei Lanfang was invited to perform in Shanghai again, and the attendance rate was enduring and unprecedented, even attracting many audiences from Japan, Britain, the United States and other countries. He laid a unique artistic foundation for his two trips to the south of the Yangtze River, and began a lot of new drama rehearsals and innovations. Mei Lanfang is the most influential actress in Chinese Peking Opera after Wang Yaoqing. He is generous in appearance, elegant in manners, mellow in voice, bright in voice, euphemistic in singing, gentle and charming, harmonious and natural in figure and full of rhythm. Ou Yangyuqian, a famous playwright, praised him as "a great actor and the embodiment of beauty". Mei Lanfang created many female images in ancient China on the stage of traditional Chinese opera, such as Mu, a heroine who resisted foreign aggression and had a strong patriotic spirit, Liang Hongyu, Lin Daiyu who resisted feudal ethics, and Xiao, a fisherman who avenged his father. White Snake (broken bridge in Jinshan Temple), Han (hate for life and death), concubine (farewell my concubine), narcissistic and luxurious Yang Guifei (drunken), and so on. These artistic stage images created by Mei Lanfang not only reflect various typical images of ancient women in China, but also integrate the characters' personalities and rich ideological connotations into the beautiful images, giving the audience spiritual purification and beautiful enjoyment.
Mei Lanfang was the first person to bring Chinese Peking Opera to the world, which made Chinese Peking Opera occupy its due position on the international art stage at first. Mei Lanfang is not only a master of Peking Opera, but also a representative figure of China's art. He once performed in Japan and caused a sensation. He has been to America, the Soviet Union and many other countries. Established world-famous writers and artists, such as Gorky, Tolstoy, stanislavski, Bernard Shaw, Brecht, Chaplin and Van Punk. They pay more attention to Mei Lanfang's performing arts, and think that it has given them their own intentional reference.
Xun shenghui
Xun Huisheng-(1900-1968), born in Dongguang, Hebei. At the age of eight, he joined the Yishun and Bangzi classes, studied Hua Dan under Pang Qihua, then entered the Sanle class, and soon joined the Lezheng Society, where he shared the same subjects as Shang Xiaoyun and Zhao Tongshan, and was called "Lezheng Sanjie". After leaving school, he studied Peking Opera under Chen Delin, Wu Lingxian and Wang Yaoqing. He also invited the famous Hua Dan Tian Guifeng, Lu, and Qiao Huilan to further improve their skills. His charming voice, exquisite workmanship, eyes and gestures all indicate the change of the character's mentality. It is especially vivid to play a cheerful, lively and attractive girl. Nianbai studied under Wang Yaoqing, but she quickened her pace and got closer to spoken English, so she felt more intimate and vivid. He, Mei, Shang and Cheng are called "four great men". He often performs with,,, Zhou, and Mei Lanfang. His plays include Thirteen Sisters, Happy Fate, Iron Bow Fate, Fan Palace, Hongluan Jubilee, Hongniguan, Huatiancuo, Qipanshan, Xin Anyi, Little Cowherd, Beauty, Big Coffin and Zhanwan City. Many new dramas have also been rehearsed, such as Lantern Enigma, Introduction to Dan Qing, Fragrant Ribbon, Hairpin Phoenix, Looking for an Official Mother, Two Lovers in the Red Chamber, Matchmaker, Beauty, Butterfly Dream, Tao Sanchun and so on. Reform and explore in all aspects of the new drama, boldly innovate, and gradually form its own handsome, gentle and charming, hearty and harmonious performing art style. After Japanese imperialism invaded Northeast China, he refused to go to Northeast China to betray the country for the invaders and puppet Manchus and traitors. He also held many charity performances and donated the proceeds of the performances to the front-line anti-Japanese generals. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, he served as the director of the Beijing Opera Editorial Committee, and later as the director of the Beijing Opera Research Institute and the dean of Hebei Bangzi Theatre. He is the author of Xun Huisheng's Stage Art, Notes on Xun Huisheng's Plays and Selected Plays of Xun Huisheng.
Description of stills: Xun Huisheng plays Zhao Wuniang in Zhao Wuniang.
Shang Xiaoyun
Shang Xiaoyun (1899- 1976), a famous Peking Opera performance artist, was originally named Dequan, with the name Qixia. Born in Nangong County, Hebei Province, he settled in Beijing. The flag of the Han army is the descendant of Qingping Wang Nan. Grandfather Shang Zhiquan used to be the magistrate of Qingyuan County. My father was still the general manager of the palace during Guangxu period. 1905, when his father died, he and his third brother, Shang Fuxia, joined Li Chunfu to study opera, became an old Peking Opera student, and later joined Sanle Class as a subject. Shang Xiaoyun first studied martial arts in Sanle Class, but later, because of his handsome companion and clear voice, he changed to learn Tsing Yi from Sun. His first teacher in Tsing Yi was Wu Shunlin. 19 12 spring, appeared in Fenyang Guild Hall and Guangde Building in Beijing, and became a young marshal in Tsing Yi at that time. 19 14 Sun Juxian offered to spend four days with Shang Xiaoyun, which made him famous and praised by everyone.
19 16 Shang Xiaoyun joined the spring cooperative organized by Yu Zhenting and began to make a name for himself in the class. He has also performed with Yang Xiaolou, Wang Yaoqing, Wang Youhuan, Gong Yunfu, Gao Qingkui and Bai Mudan. At this time, his singing, performance, martial arts and stage skills have reached a mature stage, which is a key period in his Beijing opera art career. From then on, he began to learn drama from Wang Yaoqing (performing in shifts at the same time). Wang Pai's art is lively and free and easy, deeply influenced by Shang Xiaoyun. Shang Xiaoyun tried his best to imitate his figure, movements, chanting and expression. At this time, he felt that he stuck to the traditional "tight-lipped and loose-worded" in learning Tsing Yi singing, emphasizing the string ink of singing instead of the words of pronunciation, which made him feel more quaint and less fashionable, and even saw the shortcomings of his poor singing skills. This discovery and progress is a qualitative leap in Shang Xiaoyun's Peking Opera art. On this basis, he learned from Wang Yaoqing various stage postures, sleeve dancing movements and singing skills, which greatly enriched his performance style and made him unique in art. Since then, Shang Xiaoyun has consciously and creatively explored art according to his own conditions, and formed a unique "Shang School" art, which is worthy of being one of the "four famous artists". /kloc-in the autumn of 0/927, he set up his own Xie Qingshe. After the class was established, many new plays were rehearsed, mainly in Tsing Yi. Shang Xiaoyun is an artist who inherits more traditions among the "Four Famous Dances". He insisted on organically combining tradition with innovation and was very popular. By the end of 1930s, there were more than 30 new plays edited and adapted by Shang Xiaoyun, including The Pagoda of Leifeng, The Pagoda of Leifeng and so on. What is particularly worth mentioning here is that Shang Xiaoyun has arranged three new plays according to the life of foreign countries and ethnic minorities, namely Modern Women, Acacia Village and Beauty of the North. This is very rare on the stage of Chinese Peking Opera in the 1920s and 1930s, and it is also a bold breakthrough and innovation. Later, he wrote new plays, such as Mei Yupei, Daughter of Lanling, and Shepherd of the Dragon Lady. His singing is sonorous and bright, which can break clouds and crack stones. Besides rhyming white words, he is also good at reciting white words. His works are dignified and beautiful, brave and upright, full of beauty, exaggerated movements, distinct rhythm, very popular, full of tenderness and tenderness, showing the spiritual outlook of women's stage images in various periods.
journey
Cheng (1904- 1958), formerly known as Cheng Lin, Manchu, is a famous Peking Opera performer. Later, it was changed to the Han surname Cheng, whose first name was Cheng Junong, and later changed to the word Jade Frost. From 1932, it was renamed as Qiu Yan and changed to Yu Shuang. When I was a child, I went to middle school. At the age of six, he joined Butterfly Fairy, practiced martial arts and became a martial artist. A year later, he studied drama under the famous martial arts teacher Ding. Later, because of his beautiful appearance, he changed from Chen Tongyun to Hua Dan. Later, he found his voice was great, so he changed to Tsing Yi and studied under Chen Xiaoyun. Cheng's childhood basic skills training is extremely difficult. He received these trainings with amazing perseverance and survived a painful childhood. When he entered the stage at the age of eleven, he became famous by singing, reading, doing and playing, which was refreshing both inside and outside the industry. In Beijing Dangui Tea Garden (formerly Dong 'an Market), he cooperated with Furong, Liu Hongsheng, Sun Juxian and others to perform such plays as Songzi in Mulberry Garden, Yuanmen Chop Zi and Zhu Shazhi. 19 17 He stopped performing and continued his studies because of his voice problem. He studied painting, calligraphy, boxing, sword dancing and watched film art, which greatly improved his artistic accomplishment and aesthetic taste and made full preparations for his future artistic creation. 1922 performed in Shanghai for the first time, causing a sensation. When he 1923 came to Shanghai again, the audience in Shanghai was ecstatic and the art gradually matured. From 1925-1938, Cheng entered his heyday and the mature period of "Cheng School" art. At this time, Cheng has created, performed and directed, and has become a relatively powerful artist. At the same time, influenced by progressive thoughts, he was filled with indignation in the face of the dire social reality of the working people. He has created many dramas with patriotic and democratic thoughts, such as Moon Hee Returning to Han, Tears in the Barren Mountains, Young Women's Dream, The Mourning of Shu and so on. In different periods, such as anti-feudalism, anti-warlord civil war and anti-Japanese imperialist aggression war, it aroused strong audience voices and expressed the strong desire of the broad masses to oppose war, oppression and hope for peace. After this period, he gave priority to tragic performances, followed by a series of tragic works mentioned above, such as "The Record of Hosts" and "Mei Fei", which successfully created a number of tragic figures, and he was also famous for being good at performing tragedies. Of course, Cheng doesn't just perform tragedies. Sorin Capsule is his other masterpiece. In artistic creation, Cheng is brave in innovation and creation, and pays attention to four tones in stage performance. According to his unique voice characteristics, he created an indirect and intermittent singing style and formed a unique feature. The characters he created are elegant and dignified, just like white chrysanthemums in frosty days, with a sober beauty, and later became one of the "Four Famous Hunters in Denmark". Cheng also has a series of distinctive creative features in his performance, including his eyes, figure, footwork, fingering, sleeves, fencing and so on. As a complete art school, he has been fully displayed on the stage of Peking Opera.
Description of stills: Cheng played in Anti-Marriage between Britain and Taiwan (1953).