Introduction to "Water Margin"
"Water Margin" tells the story of Song Jiang an
Introduction to "Water Margin"
"Water Margin" tells the story of Song Jiang and others who gathered for an uprising during the Xuanhe period of the Northern Song Dynasty (around 1119---1121). The story is in "History of the Song Dynasty" There are many records in the Song Dynasty's notes. Although they are inconsistent, they all mention that Song Jiang was powerful, threatening the court, and had a profound influence among the people. Gong Shengyu, a person from the Southern Song Dynasty, said: "Song Jiang's incident can be seen in street talks." Song Jiang and others are also mentioned in the story books. People's stories. In the Song and Yuan Dynasties, scripts and dramas were widely spoken. Some of them have survived to the present, such as the script "The Legacy of Xuanhe of the Song Dynasty" and the dramas of Yuan people. Shi Naian compiled the history books, legends and dramas since the Song and Yuan Dynasties. and Zaju and other "Water Margin" stories were collected, selected, processed, and created to write "Water Margin". It narrates the occurrence, development and failure of the peasants' anti-feudal struggle through the Liangbo uprising. It uses profound thoughts and extensive The content and outstanding art compose the heroic epic and revolutionary tragedy of the peasant uprising in feudal society, reflecting the decline and decline of feudal society. The deep exploitation and cruel oppression intensified class contradictions, and the dark decay of reactionary rule caused the resistance struggle of the broad masses of the people.
The uprising occurred because "chaos started from above." The rulers started from the emperor and ministers, down to the local corrupt officials, local tyrants and bullies and even the officials and jailers. They formed a ruling network throughout the country, inside and outside the court, and openly used Evil. For example, Liang Zhongshu collected hundreds of thousands of dollars in two years to celebrate the birthday of his father-in-law Cai Jing and bribed the public; Gao Qiu persecuted Wang Jin for personal revenge, and killed Lin Chong because of Gao Yanei's wife, forcing those who didn't want to rebel but to do so. , revealing that the real reason for the uprising was "officials forcing the people to rebel". The novel truly narrates the development process of the uprising struggle: from individual resistance to collective resistance, from scattered struggle to organized struggle, from small to large scale. Lu Zhishen, Lin Chong, Wu Song, etc. all fought individually at first, just to avoid being arrested by the government and find a place to live. Although there are many mountains such as Liangshan, Erlong Mountain, and Taohua Mountain, they are isolated from each other and cannot resist the gradually escalating government "invasion"; Chao Gai,
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Character introduction
, Xiaoyi Kurosaburo: This is based on Song Jiang’s treatment of family relationships. Song Jiang’s approach to family relationships is Filial piety is the basis, especially for his father, and the rest will not be described in detail.
2. Timely Rain: It is mainly said that he is generous with money, helps others, and helps friends. There are 25 times of this in "Water Margin" Narration, which to a certain extent reflects Song Jiang’s heroic nature.
3. Hu Baoyi: Until today, we still cannot give a satisfactory explanation. According to textual research, it is related to an official name in the Song Dynasty. Most scholars believe that this The nickname reflects Song Jiang's attitude towards the court.
Song Jiang
Guan Sheng
Lin Chong
Yang Zhi
___ More than six hundred years of history have made Shi Naian a looming figure.
His life has been lost, but the legend has endured. In his writing, folklore has become
Classic and timeless literature. More than a hundred years ago, the Japanese even listed Shi Naian among the top 100 heroes in the world, alongside Washington and Napoleon...
"Water Margin" The mystery of the author of "The Biography"
Look at the title of the version of "Water Margin". The first theory is not found in any existing version of the title, and most of the versions with the second theory as the title Appeared in the Jiajing and Wanli years of the Ming Dynasty, and the two versions of the third theory appeared in the Chongzhen period of the late Ming Dynasty; therefore, in terms of time, the third theory is also later than the first theory and the second theory. This is not necessarily true. In terms of the first statement, it is probably the least reliable. . We know that Luo Guanzhong is the author of "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms". There is no dispute on this point. The two novels "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" and "Water Margin" do not use the same language form at all. The former uses shallow and close language. Classical Chinese. The latter is derived from popular vernacular. It is really difficult to gain people's approval to say that they are written by the same author. Although the second and third statements appear earlier and later, they are However, they have many similarities, with Shi Naian as the author or one of the authors. They actually support each other.
Therefore, from this perspective, they are relatively reliable.
The double meaning of "forced to the top".
The reality of feudal society where officials forced the people to rebel. Feudal society as a human being The historical development stage of society indeed created a splendid feudal culture and civilization. However, there were many systems in feudal society and the court's ruling policies were against human nature, causing the society to be very dark and corrupt in a certain period. Therefore, the people should rise up and express their gratitude to others. Reasonable social struggle and resistance are of progressive significance and should be praised. For many years, historians have conducted research on peasant uprisings, explaining that the progressive role of peasant uprisings in resisting feudal autocratic rule should be praised, but it does not Society also has a great destructive effect. The era described in "Water Margin" is the late Northern Song Dynasty. The court was corrupt and incompetent, and the society was dark and excessive. It was inevitable for the people to rise up to resist. The characters in "Water Margin" are different from ordinary bandits and bandits. The earliest preface said that these characters robbed ill-gotten gains without harming anyone; they took ill-gotten gains without harming kind people, and had the style of a chivalrous person without the evil of thugs. "Water Margin" The heroic characters in it are tenable, so it is a work that praises heroes' resistance to feudal rule.
. The main theme of "Water Margin" is (mainly describing peasant wars).
2. The main spirit praised in "Water Margin" is (the spirit of resistance of the oppressed people).
3. The first character to appear among Liangshan’s One Hundred and Eight Generals and his nickname is: (Nine Patterns of Dragon Shijin).
4. The three heroines and their nicknames in "Water Margin": (Yizhang Qinghu Sanniang); (Mother Yaksha Sun Erniang); (Mother Sister Gu).
5. The name and nickname of the hero in "Optimus Prime": (Prodigal Yan Qing).
6. The most common characteristics of the heroes in "Water Margin" are (drawing a sword to help when the road is rough, valuing friendship, and showing loyalty).
7. "The black bear has a thick body and is as naughty as an iron bull. It has red and yellow eyebrows, and its eyes are messy with red silk. Its angry hair is as thick as iron brush, and it is as ferocious as a Suan Ni. Under the evil canopy, "Ladder." These sentences describe (Li Kui's) character traits (upright, simple, and reckless).
8. "Water Margin" reveals the social contradictions at that time through (a series of vivid stories about the government forcing people to rebel).
9. The main characters involved in "The Wild Boar Forest" are: (Lu Zhishen, Lin Chong).
10. Wu Song’s main character traits are: (he is courageous, superb in martial arts, hates evil as much as his enemies, is a chivalrous and righteous person, and draws his sword to help when there is injustice).
11. "Eyes like red phoenixes, eyebrows like lying silkworms. Big earlobes, square lips. Broad forehead and flat top. When he is thirty years old, he can support ten thousand people. He has a body of six feet and a chest Sweeping away the scheming in the world. His ambition is high and his mind is beautiful." The character described in this passage is (Song Jiang). His main character traits are: (loyalty and wealth, helping the weak and helping the poor, shrewd and sophisticated, but with strong orthodoxy and loyalty to the emperor).
12. The top four figures in the final ranking in Liangshan Bo are: (Tiankuixing Hubaoyi Songjiang, Tiangang star Jade Qilin Lu Junyi, Tianji star Zhizhi multi-star Wu Yong, Tianxian star Ruyunlong Gongsun Sheng) .
13. The person who made the big break into Mount Wutai is: (Lu Zhishen).
14. Write three plots about Wu Song: (beating a tiger in Jingyanggang; beating Chiang Menshen while drunk; blood splattered in Yuanyang Tower).
15. Wu Yong’s character traits are: (calm, resourceful).
16. The generals in "Water Margin" who firmly opposed the recruitment of troops were: (Li Kui, Wu Song).
17. "The country is wasted because of the family trees, and the swords and water works. Thirty-six vertical and horizontal, spreading chaos in Jiangdong." The character sung in this nursery rhyme is (Song Jiang).
18. In "Water Margin", the word "forced" (forced) is most obvious in (Lin Chong) who was forced to climb up Liangshan.
19. In "Water Margin", the characters who were imperial officials but were forced to go to Liangshan are: (Lin Chong), (Yang Zhi).
20. The character referred to by "Langli Baitiao" in "Water Margin" is (Zhang Shun), and the story related to him is (Night at Jinsha Crossing).
21. In "Water Margin", the author portrays a character with shocking beauty and cruelty (Pan Jinlian).
22. In "Water Margin", the heroes who were officers before they fell into the grass include: (Lin Chong), (Yang Zhi), (Lu Da).
23. In "Water Margin" "In "Zhu Wu", the character known as the "Shenji Military Advisor" is (Zhu Wu), and the related story is: (Zhu Wu breaks the Liuhua Formation).
24. In "Water Margin", the character called "Desperate Saburo" is (Shi Xiu), and the related story is: (Wisdom kills Pei Ruhai).
25. Stories and related characters in "Water Margin": accidentally entering the White Tiger Hall (Lin Chong); making a fuss in Qingfeng Village (Hua Rong); exploring the cave to rescue Chai Jin (Li Kui); the God of Snow Mountain Temple (Lin Chong); killed Yan Poxi (Song Jiang) in anger.
26. The names of the two tiger-fighting heroes in "Water Margin" and the places where they fought tigers are: (Wu Song killed tigers in Jingyanggang), (Li Kui killed four tigers in Yiling).
27. In "Water Margin", the person who set fire to the warship and helped Song Jiang defeat Gao Taiwei was: (Liu Tang).
28. "Water Margin" describes many heroes and heroes. Among them, the character who was resigned at first but later became angry and resisted is: (Lin Chong).
Tiankui Star Hu Baoyi - Songjiang Tiangang Star Jade Unicorn - Lu Junyi
Tianji Star Wisdom Multiple Stars - Wu Yong Tianxian Star Enters the Cloud Dragon - Gongsun Sheng
Tianyong Star Broadsword - Guan Sheng Tianxiong Star Leopard Head - Lin Chong
Tianmeng Star Thunderbolt Fire - Qin Mingming Weixing Double Whip - Hu Yanzhuo
Tianying Star Xiao Liguang - Huarong Tiangui Star Xiao Whirlwind - Chai Jin
Tianfu Xing Pounces on the Sky Eagle - Li Yingtian's Beautiful Bearded Man - Zhu Tong
Tianguxinghua Monk - Lu Zhishen, Tianshang Xingwang - Wu Song
Tianlixing Dual Spear General - Dong Pingtian Jiexing Featherless Arrow - Zhang Qing
Sky Dark Star Green Faced Beast - Yang Zhitian Youxing Golden Gunner - Xu Ning
Sky Star Vanguard - Suo Chao, Sky Speed ??Star, Taibao - Dai Zong
Heavenly Star Red-haired Ghost - Liu Tang, Sky Killer Star Black Whirlwind - Li Kui
Tianweixing Nine-Patterned Dragon - Shi Jintian Zhuxingmu Zhelan - Mu Hong
The Heavenly Retreating Star and the Winged Tiger - Lei Heng, the Tianshou Star and the River Dragon - Li Jun
The Heavenly Sword Star Stands on the Ground Tai Sui - Ruan Xiaoer, the Balance Star Boat Huo'er - Zhang Heng
Heavenly Sin Star Short-lived Erlang - Ruan Xiaowu's Tianxing Star is jumping in the waves - Zhang Shun
Heavenly Sin Star Lives Yama - Ruan Xiaoqi Tianlao Star's Disease Guansuo - Yang Xiong
Tian Huixing's desperate Saburo - Shi Xiu, Tian Baoxing's two-headed snake - Xie Zhen
Tian's crying star's two-tailed scorpion - Jie Bao, Tian Qiaoxing's prodigal - Yan Qing
Dikuixing Shenji Military Advisor - Zhuwu Dishaxing Town Sanshan - Huang Xin
Diyongxing Bing Yuchi - Sun Li Dijie Xingchou Junma - Xuanzan
Dixiong Xingjingmuyan - Hao Siwen Diweixing Baivi General - Han Tao
Diyingxing Celestial Eye General - Peng Qi Diqixing Shengshui General - Shan Tinggui
Dimengxing Shenhuo General - Wei Dingguo Di Literary Star Master Scholar - Xiao Rang
Di Zhengxing Iron Face Eyes - Pei Xuandi Broad Star Moyun Golden Wings - Ou Peng
Earth Close Star Fire Eyes Suanni - Deng Feidi Strong Star Jin Maohu - Yanshun
Earth Dark Star Jin Leopard - Yang Lin Earth Axis Star Bang Tianlei - Ling Zhen
Dihui Star God Operator - Jiang Jingdi Youxing Xiao Wen Hou - Lu Fang
Earth Blessing Star Sai Rengui - Guo Sheng Di Lingxing Miracle Doctor - An Daoquan
Earth Beast Star Purple Beard Bo - Huangfu Duan Di Wei Xing Dwarf Tiger - Wang Ying
The earthly comet is one foot green - Hu Sanniang, the earthly violent star mourns the door god - Bao Xu
The earthly star is the devil in the world - Fan Rui, the earthly rampant star, the hairy head star - Kong Ming
Earth's crazy star alone Mars - Kong Liang's flying star with eight arms Na Zha - Xiang Chong
The earth's flying star and the great sage - Li Gong's earthly flying star and jade-armed craftsman - Jin Dajian
The Earth Star Iron Flute Immortal - Ma Lin enters the star and exits the cave - Tong Wei
The Earth Retreats and the Star Turns the River Mirage - Tong Mengdi Full of Stars and Jade Flags - Meng Kang
Di Suixing Brachiosaurus - Hou Jian Di Zhou Xing Jumping Stream Tiger - Chen Da
Di Yin Xing White Flower Snake - Yang Chun Di Alien Star White-faced Man - Zheng Tian
Geography Star Nine-tailed Turtle - Tao Zongwang's Junxing Iron Fan - Song Qing
Di Le Xing Tie Jie Zi - Le He Di Jie Xing Hua Xiang Hu - Gong Wang
Ground Speed ??Star Hits the Arrow Tiger - Ding Desun's Earth Zhenxing is not blocked - Mu Chun
Di Ji Xing's magic star - Cao Zheng, King Kong in the Demon Star Cloud - Song Wan
The Earth Demon Star touches the sky - Du Qian Earthly Star Disease Big Insect - Xue Yong
Difuxing Golden Eye Biao - Shi En Earthly Sky Star Little Overlord - Zhou Tong
Diyouxing Tiger Fighter - Li Zhongdi All-Star Grimace Son - Du Xing
Di Lone Star Golden Leopard - Tang Long Di Jiao Star Unicorn Dragon - Zou Run
Di Du Xing Chu Lin Long - Zou Yuan Ksitigarbha Star Smiling Tiger - Zhu Rich
Earth Prison Star Dry Land Hulu - Zhu Gui Diping Star Iron Arm - Cai Fu
Earth Loss Star A Flower - Cai Qing Di Slave Star Urging Judge - Li Li
Diyin Star Mother Big Insect-Sister-in-law Gu Dixing Star Caiyuanzi-Zhang Qing
Earth Zhuang Star Mother Yaksha-Sun Erniang Earth Bad Star Live Flash Po-Wang Dingliu
Earth Health Star Dangerous Taoist God - Yu Bao Si Earth Consuming Star Day Rat - Bai Sheng
Earth Thief Star Drum Flea - Shiqian Earth Dog Star Golden Retriever - Duan Jingzhu
According to historians' research, during the Xuanhe reign of Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty, there was indeed the Liangshanbo Uprising led by Song Jiang and his leader, but it was not like the 108 generals described in "Water Margin" and there were not so many vivid dramatic scenes.
Liangshanbo is located in the eastern part of Shandong. It was originally a small lake. Later, due to the flooding of the Yellow River from the Five Dynasties to the Northern Song Dynasty, it merged with many small lakes around it. By the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, it had formed Hengba Lake. A large lake with a water area of ??hundreds of miles, with branches and harbors crisscrossing the lake, and reeds crisscrossing it. A large lake with a territory of 800 miles, with branches and harbors crisscrossing the lake, crisscrossing reeds, and many small natural islands. The situation is dangerous and complicated. At that time, many bankrupt farmers, fishermen, and some fugitives wanted by the government hid here, forming groups and making a living by carrying out some "illegal" activities. Several forces grew day by day and gathered more and more people. By the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, they launched many armed struggles and peasant uprisings against government corruption, exploitation and oppression. The Song Jiang Rebel Army is one of them.
The trigger for the Songjiang Uprising was that the Song Dynasty Tingyan set up the "Xicheng Kuotian Office" to solve financial difficulties, announced that the entire 800-mile water area of ????Liangshanbo would be "publicly owned", and stipulated that all people who entered the lake to fish, collect Lotus roots and cut cattails are all heavily taxed according to the size of the boat. Anyone who breaks the rules will be punished as a thief. Poor farmers and fishermen cannot afford to pay heavy taxes. The dissatisfaction with social reality that has been accumulated in their chests for a long time finally erupts like a volcano. . Under the leadership of Song Jiang and others, they took desperate measures and gathered armed forces. They relied on the easy-to-defend and difficult-to-attack terrain of Liangshanbo to block and kill the officers and soldiers who came to suppress them. In the first year of Xuanhe (AD 1119), this peasant team officially declared an uprising.
Historical records indicate that there were thirty-six main leaders in the Song Jiang uprising. They are Song Jiang, Chao Gai, Wu Yong, Lu Junyi, Guan Sheng, Shi Jin, Chai Jin, Ruan Xiaoer, Ruan Xiaowu, Ruan Xiaoqi, Liu Tang, Zhang Qing, Yan Qing, Sun Li, Zhang Shun, Zhang Heng , Hu Yanchuo (Hu Yanzhuo in "Water Margin"), Li Jun, Hua Rong, Qin Ming, Li Kui, Lei Heng, Dai Zong, Suo Chao, Yang Zhi, Yang Xiong, Dong Ping, Xie Zhen, Jie Bao, Zhu Tong, Mu Heng (Mu Hong in "Water Margin"), Shi Xiu, Xu Ning, Li Ying (Li Ying in "Water Margin"), Hua Heshang (named Lu Da and Lu Zhishen in "Water Margin"), Wu Song. The total number of Song Jiang uprising troops cannot be calculated due to lack of historical records. It is estimated to be nearly 10,000 people. "Water Margin" writes that there are 108 heroes in Liangshan, which is a novelist's fiction. The author Luo Guanzhong and others "wanted to complete his book, using thirty-six as the Tiangang, and adding the names of seventy-two people in the land" (Lang Ying: "Seven Revised Drafts"), in order to make the novel more legendary to cater to the people's preferences, catchy and easy to spread. But a novel is a novel after all, and readers should not regard it as true history.
Soon after the Song Jiang uprising army officially announced the uprising, they left Liangshanbo and fought in Qing, Qi, Shandong, Henan, and Hebei. Historical records say: This uprising army "camped across Heshuo and Tokyo, with dozens of officers and soldiers." Ten thousand, no one dared to resist." About two years later, in February of the third year of Xuanhe (1121), Song Jiang's Yijun took a boat from Shuyang, Jiangsu to attack Haizhou (today's Lianyungang), but was ambushed by Zhang Shuye, the governor of Haizhou. Surrounded, suffered heavy losses, and retreat was cut off. In this desperate situation, Song Jiang had to lead his people to surrender, accept the imperial court's invitation, and became part of the official army of the Song Dynasty. Later, there was a debate in the historians about whether the Song Jiang Department went to Jiangnan to fight the Fangla Peasant Rebellion Army, and there is still no conclusion yet. However, most historians believe that the Song Jiang tribe is more likely to go to Fangla.
The Song Dynasty was the dynasty with the largest number of peasant uprisings in Chinese history. During the more than three hundred years of the Song Dynasty, there were hundreds of peasant uprisings, large and small, among which the Songjiang Uprising was only a small one in scale and influence.
However, the "Xuanhe Legacy" was compiled and published in the Southern Song Dynasty, which turned the history of the Songjiang Uprising into a romance and story. In the early Ming Dynasty, "Water Margin" appeared, which described the story of the Songjiang Uprising in a more vivid and touching manner. The peasant uprising, which had a smaller impact than the uprising, had a great impact and spread widely among the people, even becoming a household name and known to everyone. However, although the novel is related to history, it is not exactly the same thing after all. This is what we should pay attention to when reading "Water Margin".
Songjiang and Liangshanbo
Farmers and fishermen around Liangshanbo in the Song Dynasty carried out countless armed struggles against government oppression and exploitation, and the Songjiang Uprising was just one of them. The Songjiang Uprising occurred in the Xuanhe period at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty. The trigger for the peasant uprising was the "Xicheng Kuotian Office" set up in the Northern Song Dynasty. In order to solve financial difficulties, Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty established this agency in the first year of Zhenghe (1111) to specialize in searching. Liangshanbo was originally a very small lake. Due to the burst of the Yellow River, many original small lakes merged with it. By the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, a large lake with a water area of ??800 miles was formed. Many bankrupt farmers and some fugitives made a living based on it. However, the "Xicheng Kuotian Office" took the entire Liangshan Lake as "public ownership" and stipulated that anyone who enters the lake to fish, collect lotus roots, and cut cattails will be taxed heavily according to the size of the boat, and those who violate the prohibition will be punished as thieves. Farmers and fishermen could not afford to pay heavy taxes, so they had no choice but to take risks. Taking advantage of the geographical conditions of Liangshan, which was easy to defend and difficult to attack, they gathered armed forces to resist rent and taxes, and killed officers and soldiers. Therefore, Liangshanbo became the stronghold of the peasant armed uprising.
The peasant uprising led by Song Jiang initially took Liangshanbo as its base and "set up a stronghold here" ("History of the Song Dynasty·Puzong Meng Zhuan"). "There is a spoil distribution platform at the foot of the mountain with thirty-six stone pedestals" (He Zhuqi "Compilation of Historical Materials on the Peasants' War in the Two Song Dynasties"). Song Jiang and others persisted in the struggle here for four or five years. It was not until the first year of Xuanhe (1119) by Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty that he officially announced the uprising. Then he left Liangshanbo and fought among the Qing, Qi and Pu states. He began to notice the existence of this rebel army, and ordered "to punish and arrest him on the east and west roads of (Beijing)" and "to recruit Shandong to steal Songjiang River" ("Outline of the Ten Dynasties of the Imperial Song Dynasty").
How big was the Song Jiang Uprising? According to relevant historical books such as "Song History·Hou Meng Biography" and "Xuanhe Legacy", there were only 36 people. According to Lang Ying's "Seven Revised Drafts", these 36 people are: Song Jiang, Chao Gai, Wu Yong, Lu Junyi, Guan Sheng, Shi Jin, Chai Jin, Ruan Xiaoer, Ruan Xiaowu, Ruan Xiaoqi, Liu Tang, Zhang Qing, Yan Qing, Sun Li, Zhang Shun, Zhang Heng, Hu Yanchuo, Li Jun, Hua Rong, Qin Ming, Li Kui, Lei Heng, Dai Zong, Suo Chao, Yang Zhi, Yang Xiong, Dong Ping, Xie Zhen, Xie Bao, Zhu Tong, Mu Heng, Shi Xiu, Xu Ning, Li Ying, Hua Heshang, Wu Song. Yu Jiaxi, a recent scholar, has conducted detailed research on this. As an influential peasant uprising, only 36 people "rampant Qi and Wei", and tens of thousands of officers and soldiers could not resist, which was impossible no matter what. Based on this, some people believe that these 36 people may be the total number of leaders of the rebel army, which means that there may be thirty-six heroes who launched the uprising together with Song Jiang. Later, each hero commanded an army. However, for the sake of convenience, they are still called by the names of 36 people. This explanation is reasonable. So, how many people were involved in the peasant uprising led by Song Jiang? Since there are no historical records, the exact number cannot be calculated, but there are probably thousands of people.
Historical records record that there were thirty-six heroes in the Song Jiang Uprising, but why did the number become one hundred and eight in "Water Margin"? Lang Ying made it clear in "Seven Revised Drafts": "In order to complete his book, Guanzhong took thirty-six as Tiangang and added the names of seventy-two people from Earth." This is how the story of the One Hundred and Eight Heroes in Liangshan came about. When Luo Guanzhong was writing a novel, he felt that Song Jiang's uprising was about "doing justice for heaven". For those "indecent etiquette and unjust meanings at that time, Jiang must be different from others", so he wrote the 36 heroes of Liangshan. Written in 108 bits, the novel is a novel and must not be treated as history.
Song Jiang’s ending
After the official uprising in the first year of Xuanhe, Song Jiang soon left Liangshanbo and fought between Shandong, Hebei and Henan. Ten thousand, no one dares to resist.
"In February of the third year of Xuanhe (1121), Song Jiang led the rebel army by boat from Shuyang to Haizhou (today's Lianyungang). Zhang Shuye, the magistrate of Haizhou, sent thousands of officers and soldiers to ambush on the outskirts of Haizhou and challenged them with light troops at the sea. , luring the rebels to abandon their ships and land. After the rebels landed, they were surrounded by an ambush. Zhang Shuye sent troops to burn the rebel ships. The rebels were trapped in a tight siege and their retreat was cut off. With no way out, Song Jiang surrendered. Officers and soldiers of the Song Dynasty, and accepted the imperial court's recruitment and became a member of the Song Army.
What did Song Jiang do after accepting the recruitment? There is a lot of debate in the historians about this issue, mainly around whether Song Jiang went there. The issue of conquering Fangla unfolded. The Fangla Uprising was a peasant uprising that occurred almost at the same time as the Song Jiang Uprising. The scale of the uprising was much larger than the Song Jiang Uprising, and the impact was also much greater. Regarding the fact that Song Jiang was sent to suppress Fang La after his surrender. , there are clear records in history books, such as Li Tao's "Xuzizhi Tongjian Changbian", Yang Zhongliang's "Tongjian Changbian Chronicles", "Three Dynasties Beimeng Huibian", and "The Outline of the Ten Dynasties of the Imperial Song Dynasty" all clearly record Song Jiang After surrendering, he went with the officers and soldiers to suppress the Fangla Uprising. Song Jiang changed from the leader of the peasant uprising to the executioner of the peasant uprising. However, in 1939, the "Epitaph of Zhe Gong (Ke Cun), a Former Martial Arts Master of the Song Dynasty and the Second General of Hedong" was unearthed. The epitaph of Zhe Kecun, which is known to all the historians, clearly records that Song Jiang did not go to conquer Fangla, and that Zhe Kecun captured Song Jiang only after the victory in the expedition against Fangla. They are both historical materials. Which one is true and which one is false is not clear to the historians. The debate continues. Judging from the historical records, the authors at that time were all first-class historians. Basically, people at that time wrote contemporary history. The surrender of Song Jiang and the conquest of Fangla were major historical events at that time. The records are not wrong, but are distorted. The surviving epitaph records may be distorted. Therefore, we believe that Song Jiang indeed surrendered and acted as a pawn of the Song Dynasty and participated in suppressing the Fangla peasant uprising.
Ruda's character traits
(1) He has a clear distinction between love and hatred, acts bravely when he sees justice, helps those in need, and hates evil as much as he hates evil.
From his treatment of the Jin family and his daughter and Zheng Tu. The different attitudes can be fully seen. After he listened to the bloody accusations of the Jin family and his daughter against Zheng Tu, he felt very sympathetic and concerned about them, and took the initiative to give them silver coins and personally protect them from the tiger's mouth. He went to beat him to death. After Shi Jin and Li Zhong tried their best to dissuade him, he temporarily suppressed his anger. After the Jin family escaped from the tiger's mouth, Lu Da came to Zheng Tu's butcher shop and teased Zheng Tu in public in the name of buying meat. His majesty inspired him to fight with him.
When he was "punching", he adopted an irreconcilable attitude towards Zheng Tu. Beat him to death and eliminate harm for the people. Lu Da was a stranger to the Jin family and had no personal grudges with Zheng Tu. His actions fully demonstrated his clear-cut stance of love and hate, his noble character of acting bravely and his respect for the oppressed. Characteristics of helping those in need and those in need, and hating the oppressors as much as they hate them.
(2) Being generous and caring about justice and giving up money.
After learning about the unfortunate experiences of the Jin family and his daughter, although he and his wife were friends. They were not relatives, but they immediately offered to arrange money for Mr. Jin to get them back to Tokyo. When Li Zhong was unhappy and only took out two taels of silver, Lu Da thought that Li Zhong was unjust and threw the two taels of silver back to him.
(3) Straightforward, courageous and resourceful, bold and careful.
In order to prevent the waiter from chasing after him, Luda, who was always irritable, actually "sat for two hours" at the door of the store. "I only got up when Mr. Jin was far away."
To punish Zheng Tu, it is not to attack as soon as he arrives, but to adopt the strategy of provoking first and then hitting, creating a quarrel and fight, letting Zheng Tu attack first with a sharp deboning knife, leading him to the street, and questioning Zheng Tu in public. Let everyone understand that "punching Zheng Tu" is a just action. Luda's original intention was to beat and punish Zheng Tu, but he accidentally killed Zheng Tu. Faced with the accident, he adapts to the situation, remains calm in danger, and does not retreat calmly. He said hypocritically: "This guy is cheating to death, Sajia and you will take your time to deal with it." "One scolded and the other strode away." Ruda's actions fully reflected his courageous, strategic, bold and careful character.
Lin Chong: He has a distinctive character, neither humble nor arrogant. I like him very much. He is the top master in Liangshan and has never been defeated in his life. He also has certain political abilities and outstanding military exploits. He participated in almost every battle before Liangshan was recruited. It's just that the ending is disappointing.
Song Jiang is the number one character in the entire "Water Margin". As a literary image, he is also the most plump, three-dimensional, complex and artistically charming person.
Song Jiang in history is just a character that has been mentioned briefly. Without Song Jiang, I don’t know what the book "Water Margin" would have been like. Because of Song Jiang's righteousness and wealth, many people like him, and because he advocates recruiting peace, many people hate him. So how do you come to see Song Jiang? By re-reading "Water Margin", I wanted to interpret the character Song Jiang through the description of Song Jiang in the book.
1. Song Jiang’s initial impression
It was Song Jiang’s first appearance to report to Chao Gai and others. There was an introduction to Song Jiang when he first appeared: "The man's surname is Song, his given name is Jiang, his abbreviation is Gongming, and he ranks third. His ancestral home is Songjia Village, Yuncheng County. Because he has a dark face and short body, people call him Hei Song Jiang; and He was well-known for his filial piety, his righteousness and wealth, and everyone called him Xiaoyi Black Sanlang. His father was in the family, and his mother died early. He also had a brother named Iron Fan Song Qing, who worked in the village with his father Song Taigong. . Live in the countryside. This time Song Jiang was working as a police officer in Yuncheng County. He was proficient in swordsmanship and skill in officialdom. He also loved to practice guns and sticks, and had to know many heroes in the world. But someone came to join him. Whether he is high or low, he will not accept anything, so he will stay in Zhuangshi Guangu and follow him all day long without getting tired. If he wants to get up, he will try his best to help him. He is like a spendthrift, and he will not hesitate to ask for money or things. He is easy to do and easy to deal with, but he always saves people's lives and helps people in need. Therefore, Shandong and Hebei are famous for his work. Timely rain, but he is compared to the timely rain from the sky, which can save all things."
This introduction is unique in Water Margin. Basically every hero in "Water Margin" has only one. A nickname. But Song Jiang is different. Song Jiang is the one with the most names in "Water Margin". Song Jiang has four nicknames. As soon as he appeared, he introduced Song Jiang's three nicknames. These three nicknames actually introduced Song Jiang's three character traits: One is Black Song Jiang, because he has a dark face and a short body. This is based on his body shape. What he is talking about is not that he is as heroic and tall as Lin Chong, Guan Sheng and others, nor is he as gentle and gentle as Wu Yong, Gongsun Sheng and others. He is not good-looking. The second is Takagi Kurosaburo, which talks about his treatment of his parents and his emphasis on filial piety. His filial piety penetrates into his thoughts, becomes a part of his thoughts, and is a very important support point for his thoughts; the third The third one is "Timely Rain", which talks about his willingness to spread wealth and help those in need. This can be seen later in his interactions with his brothers, and he has done a good job in this regard. These three nicknames actually focus on Song Jiang's daily personality and hobbies, and they are all performances outside of normal work, such as "loving to practice guns and sticks", "spending money like people", "solving difficulties and resolving disputes", "supporting others" "People's difficulties" and so on, many of these benefits have some sense of the world. Among the people, Song Jiang is an enthusiastic person who likes to do good things and is willing to do good things. Whether it is in terms of family ethics or in social relations, he uses his actions to Won everyone's general recognition.
It was actually his job to release Chao Gai privately.
After outsmarting the birthday card, the matter was exposed. After being exposed, Song Jiang knew first. When Song Jiang saw the government's official document on guarding against Chao Gai's thieves in Liangshan, he had a psychological description: "Chao Gai and others did not want to do such a big thing! They robbed the birthday card and killed him. He injured He Tao who was doing business, injured many officers and soldiers, and captured Huang An alive on the mountain. Such a crime was an act to destroy the nine tribes! No, if there is an oversight, what can be done?" This psychological activity conveys two messages: First, Song Jiang, as a person who understands the law in the court, knows the series of incidents committed by Chao Gai, and every one of them is It was the crime of destroying the nine tribes. Although it was a last resort before, there was no turning back now. Secondly, Song Jiang was worried about Chao Gai and others, fearing that they would make negligence or mistakes, and there was a faint worry in his heart. This is a contradiction. Logically speaking, Chao Gai and others cannot be spared by the law, but emotionally speaking, they do not want them to make mistakes. This is Song Jiang's very real psychology, and it is also the external manifestation of Song Jiang's complex personality.
So for this matter, according to common sense, he can have several options, one of which can be reported to the superior. He said that Chao Gai had stolen the birthday plan, and now that the matter has been exposed, he should be caught. This approach would give him a chance to make meritorious deeds, but it would also damage his reputation in the world and among the people. The second option is that he can let it go and not make progress. Reporting to the government in person and not taking any other actions. Whether it is to the government or to Chao Gai, this kind of moderate treatment can be justified. Not telling the government is out of righteousness, not telling Chao Gai is due to official business; the third type The choice is to inform Chao Gai and let Chao Gai go, but he has to bear huge risks. He clearly knew that Chao Gai committed a heinous crime after stealing the birth plan, because Chao Gai was his close brother. Although it was impossible to forgive Chao Gai according to the law, he wanted to let Chao Gai go. At this time, Song Jiang knew the law and broke the law. It might be easy for others to do this, but it was difficult for Song Jiang. This incident proved that he was a righteous hero. Why do you say this? This needs to be based on his actual situation. He was born as a farmer, and his family background, cultural upbringing, and occupation all had an impact on his character in various ways. There are a few points worth noting. One is because he is not a high official, he is only a small official, so he has some experience of some of the sufferings of the people, which gives him the basis for being generous and giving away money, and also has certain characteristics that are different from rulers. A sense of justice; because he was in charge of documents in the yamen, he also developed the habit of abiding by laws, which is related to his profession. Based on his professional characteristics, it was extremely difficult for him to release Chao Gai privately. This choice is very important and illustrative. He took the initiative to take these risks out of loyalty. This choice used facts to strongly illustrate his character and character represented by his three nicknames. The act of releasing Chao Gai privately undoubtedly made Song Jiang's image stand tall in front of people from the beginning.
The following is a preliminary impression of his work.
After Song Jiang heard about Chao Gai's crime, he was surprised and thought to himself: "Chao Gai is my close brother. Now he has committed a heinous crime. If I don't save him, I will capture him." I will die soon." He was panicking, but he agreed: "Chao Gai is a traitor, and everyone in this county will blame him. Let's teach him a lesson! "Ba Tao said: "I'll do it if you bother me." Song Jiang said: "It's easy, it's easy to catch it. "It's just one thing: I must observe that I posted the seal in front of the hall. After I see it, I can take action and send someone to catch it. How dare a small official dare to do it privately? This official matter is not a trivial matter and should not be taken lightly. Let it go to others." Batao said: "I have a very clear vision, so I asked you to introduce it." Song Jiang said: "I have been tired for a long time. I will wait for a while and sit down in the hall. "Please." Batao said, "I hope Si Qian will do it." Song Jiang said, "Of course, don't talk like this. I'll just go to the humble house and do some housework. Don't sit down for a while." /p>
What this text brings us is not an ordinary Song Dynasty