1. Among the top picks in the past dynasties, the most respected national hero by later generations is Wen Tianxiang, the top pick of Bingchenke in the fourth year of Baoyou in the Southern Song Dynasty (1256). With his lofty patriotism and national integrity, he is known as "the number one among the number one scholars". This is also an important reason why Wen Tianxiang's hometown Ji'an City is also known as the "Gang of Articles and Justice" (another reason is that Ji'an has produced 3,000 Jinshi, which is the place with the most Jinshi in China)
2 The first number one scholar in Chinese history was Sun Fuga, who was the number one scholar in Renwu Branch in the fifth year of Wude in Tang Dynasty.
3. Among the number one scholars in the past dynasties, the one who had a major influence and role on China's political situation was Weng Tonghe, the number one scholar in Bingchenke in the sixth year of Xianfeng in the Qing Dynasty (1856). He was the emperor's teacher twice in his life, and he was the leader of the imperial party in the struggle between the late Qing emperor and the later Qing Dynasty. After the Sino-Japanese War, he actively supported Kang Youwei's reform proposals and secretly recommended him to Emperor Guangxu, which ultimately promoted the "1898 Reform" and brought about major changes in the political situation at that time.
4. Among the number one scholars in the past dynasties, the only one who became the emperor from the number one scholar was Li Zunxu, the number one scholar in Guihai Branch in the 10th year of Qing Dynasty in the Western Xia Dynasty (1203). He was the son of Li Yanzong, the king of Qi in the Xia clan. He took part in the Xixia imperial examination in the 10th year of Tianqing (1203) and won the first place in the imperial examination and became the number one scholar. He was granted the title of King of Qi and promoted to the Governor of the Palace. Later, in the second year of Xixia Emperor's reign (1211), he launched a palace coup, deposed Xia Xiangzong and established himself as emperor, named Xia Shenzong.
5. Among the number one scholars in the past dynasties, the earliest number one scholar to win the "Three Yuans" in the imperial examination was Cui Yuanhan, the number one scholar in Xinyou Branch in the second year of Jianzhong of Tang Dynasty (781). He successively passed the examinations of Jingzhaofu Jie Tou (Jie Yuan), Jin Shi Zhuang Tou (Zhuang Yuan), Bo Xue Hong Ci Ke Tuo, and Zhi Ke Ke Ke Third.
6. Among the number one scholars in the past dynasties, the only one who rose to the position of prime minister from the number one scholar in martial arts was Guo Ziyi, a high-ranking scholar in martial arts in the early years of Kaiyuan in the Tang Dynasty. He served in the four dynasties of Xuanzong, Suzong, Daizong and Dezong throughout his life, and served as prime minister twice. At the same time, he is also the one with the most outstanding military achievements among the top martial arts champions in the past dynasties.
7. In the imperial examinations of the past dynasties, the Northern Song Dynasty had the largest number of people who passed the "Three Yuan" exams, including Sun He, Wang Zeng, Song Xiang (xiáng, that is, Song Jiao), and Yang Chi (zhì , the same as 'Zhi'), Feng Jing, Wang Yansou and other 6 people.
8. Among the number one champions in the past dynasties, the Ming Dynasty has the largest number of officials to prime ministers (including official positions equivalent to prime ministers, such as chief assistant of the cabinet, bachelor, etc.), including Hu Guang, Chen Dun, Peng Shi, Shang Ren and other 17 people.
9. Among the top scholars in the past dynasties, the one with the highest achievements in poetry and painting was Wang Wei, the top scholar of Xinweike in the 19th year of Kaiyuan of Tang Dynasty (731). He is one of the outstanding representatives of the pastoral poetry school in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. His poetry art is considered to be "the first since Li (Bai) and Du (Fu)." His paintings are regarded as the "ancestor of Southern painting", and ancient literati paintings also began with him.
10. Among the number one scholar in the past dynasties, the one with the highest achievement in ci writing was Zhang Xiaoxiang, the number one scholar in Jiaxu Branch in the 24th year of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty (1154). Together with Zhang Yuanqian, he was known as the two best poets in the early Southern Song Dynasty. His poems follow the example of Su Shi, with a majestic spirit and profound patriotism. He is the forerunner of the great patriotic poet Xin Qiji.
11. Among the number one scholars in the past dynasties, the one with the highest achievement in calligraphy was Liu Gongquan, the number one scholar in Wuzi Branch in the third year of Tang Yuanhe (808). He was proficient in regular script and cursive script. Together with Yan Zhenqing, another great calligrapher of the Tang Dynasty, he was also known as "Yan Liu". Historically, he, Ouyang Xun, Yan Zhenqing of the Tang Dynasty, and Zhao Mengfu of the Yuan Dynasty were also called the "Four Masters of Regular Script" in my country. ".
12. Among the number one scholars in the past dynasties, the one with the highest historical achievements was Wang Pu, the number one scholar in the Jiyou branch in the second year of Qianyou of the Later Han Dynasty (949) during the Five Dynasties. On the basis of the Huiyao style originally created by Su Mian in the Tang Dynasty, he compiled the "Huiyao" of the Nine Dynasties of the Tang Dynasty compiled by Su Mian and the revised books by Yang Shaofu and others, and compiled it into one hundred volumes of "Tang Huiyao". Later, thirty volumes of "Meetings of the Five Dynasties" were compiled based on the actual records of the Five Dynasties. Not only is the historical data rich and detailed, but it also formally established a system and method for classifying and compiling conferences, which was imitated by later generations. This contribution was called "extremely great" by "Siku Synopsis".
13. Among the number one scholars in the past dynasties, the one who wrote the most is Yang Shen, the number one scholar of Xinweike in the sixth year of Zhengde in the Ming Dynasty (1511).
He is not only skilled in poetry, but also capable of writing, lyrics and music. He also attaches great importance to folk literature and is an accomplished litterateur and famous scholar. He wrote more than 400 kinds of works in his life. Although most of them are lost, more than 100 kinds still exist. There are about 2,300 existing poems. The richness of his writings ranked him first in the Ming Dynasty.
14. Among the number one scholars in the past dynasties, the one with the highest achievement in botany was Wu Qijun (jùn, same as ‘jun’), the number one scholar in Dingchou family in the 20th year of Jiaqing in the Qing Dynasty (1817). He served as governor of many provinces throughout his life, paying attention to the relationship between fertility and people's livelihood in various places. Based on what he heard and saw, he drew pictures and compiled the relevant plant literature in ancient books into twenty-two volumes of "Plant Names and Facts Illustrated Examination Changbian" and "Plant Facts and Facts". The thirty-eight volumes of "An Illustrated Study of Plant Names and Facts" is an important botanical monograph in my country in the 19th century.
15. Among the number one scholars in the past dynasties, the most famous thinker is Chen Liang, the number one scholar in Guichou Branch in the fourth year of Shaoxi in the Southern Song Dynasty (1193). He advocated the "study of meritorious service" that focused on career utilitarianism and supplemented the national economy and people's livelihood. He put forward the proposition that "what fills the universe is nothing but things, and what is used in daily life is nothing but things", and had many debates with Zhu Xi on the relationship between justice, interests and kingship. His theory is unique and he is the founder of Yongkang School. He is also a famous litterateur.
16. Among the number one scholars in the past dynasties, the one who was most fond of drinking tea and contributed to the study of tea ceremony in my country was Zhang Youxin, the number one scholar of Jiawu Branch in the 9th year of Yuanhe in the Tang Dynasty (814). The volume "Jiancha Shuiji" written by him comments on the advantages and disadvantages of various spring water sencha. It is another important tea ceremony research work in my country after Lu Yu's "Tea Classic".
17. Among the number one scholars in the past dynasties, the only diplomatic envoy who has been to Eastern European countries is Hong Jun, the number one scholar in Wuchen Branch in the seventh year of Tongzhi in the Qing Dynasty (1868). In the 13th year of Guangxu's reign (1887), he was ordered to serve as a diplomatic envoy to Russia, Germany, the Netherlands, and Austria, and served as a diplomatic envoy for three years. He used Western materials to write "The Translation Evidence and Supplement of the History of the Yuan Dynasty", which ushered in a new era of using Western works and materials to study the history of the Yuan Dynasty.
18. Among the number one scholars in the past dynasties, the only one who has been recruited as the consort by the emperor is Zheng Hao, the number one scholar in Renxu Branch in the second year of Huichang of Tang Dynasty (842). Seven years after he won the first prize, that is, in the third year of Dazhong (849), he was recommended by Prime Minister Bai Minzhong as a candidate for Prince Consort to Princess Wanshou, the daughter of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty.
19. Among the top picks in the past dynasties, the only one who was ordered to be executed by the emperor just after he reached the top was Chen Antuo, the top pick in Dingchou Kenanbang (or Chunbang) in the 30th year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1397). Because the subjects admitted in the imperial examination were all southern scholars, they were dissatisfied by the northern scholars. Zhu Yuanzhang, the first emperor of the Ming Dynasty, suspected that the admission was private and was so furious that he ordered the examiner, Chen An and others to be executed.
20. The only female number one scholar in Chinese history was Fu Shanxiang, the female number one scholar in the third year of Guichou of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom (1853, the third year of Xianfeng reign in the Qing Dynasty).
21. The first person in Chinese history to take part in the imperial examination with a minority language and win the first prize was the first scholar in the Guisi Jurchen Jinshi Section (also known as the policy theory Jinshi) in the 13th year of Emperor Shizong’s reign (1173). Tu Shanyi is a member of the Jurchen tribe. He took the imperial examination in Jurchen script.
22. The last number one scholar in Chinese history was Liu Chunlin, the number one scholar in Jiachenke in the 30th year of Guangxu’s reign in the Qing Dynasty (1904). In the following year, the 31st year of Guangxu's reign (1905), the Empress Dowager Cixi issued an edict to stop the imperial examination, and he became the last number one scholar in Chinese history.
23. The Tang Dynasty had the largest number of champions in history. From the Renwu Section in the fifth year of Emperor Wude (622) to the Dingmao Section in the fourth year of Emperor Ai's reign (907), for 285 years, the imperial examination was held almost every year, and about 270 champions were produced. There are more than 140 people named in ancient books such as "Deng Ke Ji Kao" and "Yuzhitang Tan Hui".
24. In Chinese history, the same region took the top three places in an imperial examination in the second year of Jianwen of the Ming Dynasty. Hu Guang, Wang Gen and Li Guan from Ji'an Prefecture in Jiangxi Province took the first place. The top three picks, the second pick, and the third overall pick. In the second year of Yongle, an even more jaw-dropping imperial examination miracle occurred: the same talented people from Ji'an Prefecture in Jiangxi Province took the top seven places in the imperial examination!
25. In Chinese history, the province that produced the largest number of champions in one dynasty was Jiangsu Province in the Qing Dynasty.
From the fourth year of Shunzhi (1647), when Dinghai Kewu was admitted as the number one scholar, Lu Gong, to the 20th year of Guangxu (1894), when Jiawu Ke Nantong was admitted as the number one scholar, Zhang Jian, in 247 years, the country produced 49 number one scholars.
Note: There should be 43 authentic Jiangsu champions in the Qing Dynasty. The reason why there are 49 people is that strictly speaking, Dai Youqi (the number one scholar in the 30th year of Kangxi), Wang Jingming (the number one scholar in the 52nd year of Kangxi), Qin Dacheng (the number one scholar in the 28th year of Qianlong), and Xu Xi (the number one scholar in the first year of Tongzhi) should belong to He was from Shanghai, and Shanghai belonged to Jiangsu at that time; Wu Xinzhong (the number one scholar in the 13th year of Jiaqing) and Huang Siyong (the number one scholar in the 6th year of Guangxu) were originally from Xiuning, Anhui, and were registered in Jiangsu. Even excluding these 4 people, the 43 people in Jiangsu are still far ahead of the second place of 19 people in Zhejiang (18 people if those living abroad are not included).
25. In Chinese history, the prefecture that produced the largest number of champions in one dynasty was Suzhou Prefecture in the Qing Dynasty. There were 24 champions in the country, which was greater than the 12 champions produced by Ji'an Prefecture in the Ming Dynasty. Wen Zhuangyuan.
26. In Chinese history, the county that produced the largest number of No. 1 Scholars in a relatively short period of time was Yongfu County (now Yongtai, Fujian) during the Southern Song Dynasty. From the Bingxu branch in the second year of Qiandao (1166) to the Chenke in the eighth year of Qiandao (1172), in seven years, three top scholars, Xiao Guoliang, Zheng Qiao and Huang Ding, were successively produced.
27. The Tang Dynasty was the dynasty with the largest number of brothers who produced the number one scholar in history. There were 19 brothers such as Zhang Shi (brother) and Zhang Zhengfu (brother).
28. The Northern Song Dynasty was the dynasty with the largest number of father-son champions in history. There were 6 father-son champions including Zhang Quhua (father) and Zhang Shide (son).
29. Among the brothers of the past dynasties, the shortest time between them was Kong Xunxun (brother) who was the number one scholar in Guisi Branch in the 14th year of Xiantong in the Tang Dynasty (873) and the third year of Qianfu in the Tang Dynasty (876). Kong Yan, the number one scholar in Bingshenke (brother). The time when the two brothers won the first prize was only three years apart.
30. Among the fathers and sons who have won the first prize in the past dynasties, the shortest time between them is the second year of Kaibao in the Northern Song Dynasty (969), Ande Yu (father), who was already the first champion, and the fifth year of Kaibao in the Northern Song Dynasty (972). An Shouliang (son) was the number one scholar in Renshenke in 2001. The father and son won the top prize only three years apart.
31. Among the number one scholars in the past dynasties, the first person to start engaging in industrial activities and achieve great achievements was Zhang Jian, the number one scholar in the Sino-Japanese War of 1894. He engaged in industrial activities in the year following his death (1895) and successively established dozens of enterprises and a large number of social undertakings. His influence spread throughout the country and he was known as "China's great educator and great industrialist".
32. Among the top scholars in martial arts in the past dynasties, the only one who took the exams in two subjects and passed first and then the top prize was Ma Quan, the top scholar in martial arts in Gengchen in the 25th year of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty (1760). Ma Quan's first name was Ma Wangquan. In the seventeenth year of Qianlong's reign (1752), he took part in a martial arts Jinshi examination and won the first, first and third place in the palace examination. Later, he was stripped of his official position due to conflicts with colleagues during his tenure. In order to wash away the shame, he changed his name to Quan, determined to win the honor again, and finally won the imperial examination in the 25th year of Qianlong's reign (1760).
33. Among the top picks in the past dynasties, the youngest number one pick is Mo Xuanqing, who was awarded the top pick in the fifth year of Tang Dazhong. He was only 17 years old in high school.
34. Among the number one scholars in the past dynasties, the oldest number one scholar recorded in history is Yin Shu in the Tang Dynasty. He took the exam until he was more than 70 years old, and then by chance, he recommended himself and became the number one scholar. During the Jiaqing period, Wang Yan, a native of Hangzhou, passed the imperial examination at the age of 80, but died before the palace examination. Otherwise, he might have broken Yin Shu's record.
35. The only time in history that both the civil and military champions in the same year came from the same place. It happened in the ninth year of Xining in the Northern Song Dynasty (1076), when Xu Duo and Xu Duo of Xinghua Army on Fujian Road (now Putian City) Xue Yi was the top civil and military scholar in high school respectively. When Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty learned that Dakui, the top civil and military scholar in the world, was from his hometown, he couldn't help but feel delighted and wrote a poem to express his gratitude. The poem said: "One side is the leader in civil and military affairs in the world, and heroes from all over the world are among them."
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36. Among the number one scholars in the past dynasties, the one with the highest status today is undoubtedly Chen Wenlong (a native of Putian, Fujian) who was the number one scholar in the Wuchen family in the fourth year of Xianchun of Emperor Duzong of the Song Dynasty (1268) and the sixth year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (1409). ), the imperial court named Chen Wenlong the "Shang Shu of the Ministry of Water"; in the 46th year of Qianlong's reign in the Qing Dynasty (1782), the emperor named Chen Wenlong the King of Zhenhai, the god of Fuzhou City Panic Temple.
37. Among the top scholars in the past dynasties, The first and only scholar who was deposed because of his poems and poems was Xu Yin from Putian in the first year of Kaiping of Liang Dynasty (AD 907), because Liang Taizu pointed out the sentence "One emperor and five emperors will not return unless they die" in his "Geometry of Life" , asked him to rewrite it, Xu Yin replied, "I have no official position, and my taxation cannot be changed." Liang Taizu angrily cut off his name.
38. The only time in the history of the imperial examination that "four different subjects" were in the same subject, it was in the eighth year of Shaoxing. (1138), Huang Gongdu (1109-1156), a Putian native, ranked first in the imperial examination and was ranked first (No. 1); Chen Junqing (1113-1186) ranked second in Yakui (second); Lin Deng was seventy-three years old and ranked first. Gong Maoliang (1121-1178) was an eighteen-year-old boy. He was called the "Four Differents" at that time. In addition, Huang Gongdu and Chen Junqing were also called "Kui Yazhan Double Standard". 39. In the imperial examination in 1300, there were 13 consecutive number one scholars, only one in about 100 years.
40. The luckiest number one scholar in history - Peng Shi. Historically, he was an upright official. A high-ranking official who acts impartially and dares to speak out, but his experience has to be said to be very lucky among the top picks. Peng Shi, the top pick in high school, is already the luckiest among scholars in the world, but better luck is always hanging over him. In the 14th year of the Ming Dynasty, the "Tumu Fort" incident occurred, and Ming Yingzong was taken prisoner. Most of the soldiers who accompanied him on the expedition either died in battle or committed suicide. At that time, the court was faced with a serious shortage of officials, so it broke the rules and The 33-year-old Peng Shi, whose official position was only in the seventh rank, was summoned to the cabinet and served as Minister of the Ministry of War. In the second year, he joined the cabinet to participate in major affairs. This was unprecedented. However, Peng Shi did not have more luck in the court. After experience, the Minister of War was quickly dismissed and demoted to the fifth rank of editor. In the first year of Tianshun (AD 1457), the "Search for the Gate" occurred. The Ming Yingzong was successfully restored and regained the throne. "Courtier", the original ministers were either killed or exiled to the frontiers, and Peng Shi had been dismissed and demoted by the previous dynasty. Such a person must be grateful to return to the cabinet and be reused. So he was immediately appointed as the Minister of the Ministry of War. The next day, he joined the cabinet and became a bachelor of the Hanlin Academy. Peng Shi once again got a blessing in disguise and rose to the top.
41. Jishui County, Ji'an Prefecture, has the highest concentration of top scholars in the country, with 5 of them within ten miles. This also created the reputation of Luling (Ji'an Prefecture) as "two prime ministers across the river, five champions within ten miles".