Primitive green
Fan Zhongyan is a scholar. In the middle school Chinese textbook, an article "The Story of Yueyang Tower", the phrase "Worry about the world first, and enjoy the world later" established his solid position as a famous writer, which almost covered all his other aspects. Such as politicians, military strategists, educators, calligraphers, philanthropists and so on. Is a non-professional like me as ignorant of his other achievements as I am?
In fact, Fan Zhongyan's military talent only had a sensational effect in the Northern Song Dynasty, and his martial arts also had a great influence in history.
The strategy of "emphasizing literature over martial arts" in the Northern Song Dynasty led to the weakness of the Northern Song Dynasty, while the blind arrogance of the Central Plains Empire was close to "arrogance". Therefore, in A.D. 1038, when Li Yuanhao, the leader of the Northwest Tangut, proclaimed himself emperor and openly challenged the border of the Great Song Dynasty, the voice of "killing him" in the imperial court far overshadowed Fan Zhongyan's "peace talks" suggestions.
However, the imperial court was shocked when tens of thousands of troops set out in a mighty manner, and the Sanchakou War was defeated and almost completely annihilated!
At this time, in a panic, the strangest scene happened in the court! The former "hawk" was at a loss. Only Fan Zhongyan, who was over 50 years old, bravely stood up and volunteered to lead troops to the Western Expedition.
After nearly a thousand years of time and space, I venture to guess that Fan Zhongyan, an old man over half a century old, dared to stand up because he knew the ferocity of Xixia and the military fragility of the Northern Song Dynasty. Because you know, you are "safe" and because you understand, you have long thought about it and have a plan, right? ……
Fan Zhongyan arrived in Yanzhou (Yanzhou) first. When he arrived at the front line, he quickly prepared for the war of resistance, quickly reorganized loose armaments, and improved the combat effectiveness of the army. However, militant radicals in the army still prevailed. 104 1 February, Han Qi, my hometown in Anyang and a hawkish representative, sent someone to contact Fan Zhongyan to take the initiative, but Fan Zhongyan declined after sizing up the situation. As a result, Haoshuichuan World War I was another fiasco, and nearly 10,000 soldiers were defeated again. 1042, Li Yuanhao provoked again, Ge Huaimin was chased and ambushed, 16 generals and nearly ten thousand soldiers were martyred. The bloody fact of losing three games in a row made everyone look back and stare at Fan Zhongyan's suggestion and his deployment, which were also at the forefront of the battle. ...
At this time, Fan Zhongyan was not idle for a moment. He arrived in Qingyang (Zhizhou) on May 104 1 2000, and immediately began his long-planned "combination boxing" against the enemy.
Fan Zhongyan hosted a banquet. Although this dinner is not as famous as the "Hongmen Banquet", its significance is also extraordinary. Fan Zhongyan invited the leaders of the Tu nationality (so-called Qiang nationality) in the border area between Dasong and Xixia to drink together. He had a good time talking and laughing with the leaders of these ethnic minorities. Halfway through the drink, Fan Zhongyan suddenly called everyone to be quiet. I saw that he took out a pack of "treasures" that the emperor gave him in public and distributed them to the leaders one by one, but he said that the emperor gave them on his behalf. While thanking the Lord Long En, those leaders were moved to refuse one by one, thinking that they would never hook up with Li Yuanhao of Xixia again, and they would live up to the trust and friendship of Emperor Dasong. This move is really fierce. Xiqiang tribe also joined in, cutting off the information source of Li Yuanhao in one fell swoop, turning the enemy's "spy" into his own "agent" and making Li Yuanhao deaf and blind. Now I am imagining the scene of the banquet and the details of Fan Zhongyan's personal visit to these leaders before and after the banquet. It may not be as easy as writing this article, and there may be many stories and twists and turns, including embarrassment and cowardice, but I believe that Fan Zhongyan's "United Front Work" must have played a very good role, because before Fan Zhongyan's death, local people and leaders began to hang his portrait at home to worship. How big it is. After his death, hundreds of leaders cried and fasted in the Lingpeng for three days before leaving. How sad and painful is that?
Fan Zhongyan certainly knows that fighting can't rely solely on political work, but on "fists", "strength" and "good generals". But at that time, Song Jun's generals were "scholars" who had never experienced war, and the rhetoric on paper was OK. They are either indecisive or reckless when armed with live ammunition, and they are simply vulnerable. So he boldly reorganized the army, promoted and reused Di Qing, Zhong and other elite soldiers who were not trusted, stepped up training and preparation, and promulgated new combat discipline and reward policies, which suddenly improved the combat effectiveness of the army.
Fan Zhongyan must have studied the geography, strength, weapons, advantages and disadvantages of the war with Xixia a long time ago and had a comprehensive plan. He knew that the advantage of Xixia nomadic people was "cavalry" and was familiar with the terrain. He knows that the narrow Sichuan area of the Loess Plateau is different from the plain area. He firmly grasped the strategy of giving priority to defense, and built many castles, barracks and beacon towers in Qingyang area, gradually forming a military defense system. He wants to hold the key traffic intersections in the complex terrain with high loess slopes and ravines, stop Li Yuanhao's galloping fighters, and wait for the opportunity to play it by ear. He transformed thirteen old forts into cities and built military camps such as Chengping, Yongping, Journey to the West and Hulu. The most legendary is the construction of Dashun City. He commanded the army to set out, and no one knew the purpose of this military operation. When the army arrived near Huachi County, it was suddenly announced that the task of this operation was to build Dashun City, and the building materials had been secretly prepared, and a solid city was built in ten days. When the Xixia army learned that the news was coming to make trouble, the ideal city had been stuck there like a nail, so it had to look at the ocean and sigh in vain. The Emperor of the Song Dynasty excitedly named him "Dashuncheng". Although Dashun City has disappeared into the fog of history and become a "site", this military legend has always remained in the sky of military history in the Song Dynasty.
Everyone knows that the war is about "grain and grass", and the soldiers and horses have not moved the grain and grass first, but the journey from Kaifeng to Qingyang is far away, and the transportation of grain and grass has become a big problem. Regardless of how many people will be used, the safety along the way is also a headache. I don't know whether Fan Zhongyan was the first to establish the "Construction Corps" or whether he learned from previous practices. Fan Zhongyan recruited soldiers on the spot, placed refugees and joined Qiang people in carefully built military stockades and distributed them to the land. He practiced standing guard at ordinary times and worked in the field during busy farming hours, which not only solved the problem of the source of soldiers, but also solved the homesickness of the original soldiers in China, saving a lot of war costs. Fan Zhongyan's move solved the problems of "protracted war" and "tug-of-war" and opened up the fundamental direction and channel to solve the long-term stability of the frontier. I often wonder whether our Xinjiang Construction Corps was inspired by Fan Zhongyan's "plough layer". ……
Fan Zhongyan also played psychological warfare. He personally wrote a letter to Li Yuanhao, the "emperor" of Xixia, and taught Li Yuanhao earnestly, which was not good for both sides and even worse for the people. Harmony is good for both sides and better for both people. You should weigh it carefully. You fight, I'm completely ready. If you don't fight, I'll try to maximize your interests. Li Yuanhao, look at this systematic defense facility. Think about the economic recession caused by the war, and the people are in dire straits. Think about the rumor that "Lao Tzu has 100,000 armored soldiers in his chest", and think about the folk song that "there is a model in the army, and the western thieves are shocked by it". If you can't win this battle, you can't stand it. Let's go downhill! 1043, Li Yuanhao finally put down his airs and "made peace" with DaSong. ...
In Qingyang for more than a year, Fan Zhongyan built an iron wall and formulated a military and foreign strategy for Xixia, which has great influence on the present and future generations. He left, and his two sons, Fan Chunren and Fan Chunyou, continued to hold on. Father and son "know Gyeongju" four times. His two sons left, and his promoted general Zhong continued to insist. In the past twenty years, Xixia never dared to cross the designated "38th parallel", and there was no war in the northwest of the Northern Song Dynasty.
Fan Zhongyan's martial arts did not "make a big fight", but successfully stopped the war by peaceful means. He stopped the war by fighting posture and preparing for war. It is the "Xixia of Xu Tu", "Defending to attack" and "Defeating the enemy without fighting", and it is a model of literati martial arts. Fan Zhongyan sighed with emotion in The Fisherman's Passion: "The scenery in Qiu Lai is different, and Hengyang geese walk carelessly. Around, the sound of the horn sounded, thousands of miles away, and the long smoke closed. ? A glass of turbid wine is Wan Li's home, but Ran Yan hasn't come home yet. Qiang tube covered with frost, people are not sleepy. The general has white hair and tears. " The first word he wrote in the border area not only described the bleak scenery of the frontier fortress, but also expressed his feelings and feelings with the soldiers guarding the border. With this compassion, there will be such thoughtful consideration as "stopping the war with peace" and such a comprehensive and ingenious plan as GAI? Fan Zhongyan "lives in the height of the temple, then worries about his monarch." The thought of "staying away from the rivers and lakes and worrying about the country and people" is also vividly reflected in the war and getting along with Xixia. ...
When I walk on this high loess slope and recall Fan Zhongyan's great achievements in those years, I will also feel all aspects of this great man from time to time, with immortal virtue, immortal contribution and immortal words. When I looked up to the sentence he wrote to Mr. Yan Ziling, "Gentleman's wind makes mountains high," my heart was full of worship and respect for this saint. My hometown is Anyang, sage Han Qi, political and military hardliners, hawks, and people who make Xixia feel frightened. He also enjoyed human sacrifice with Fan Zhongyan in Gong Fan Temple in Huachi County, but in the end, it was not as lasting as Fan Zhongyan's "combining rigidity with softness" and the realm was higher. On this high loess slope, there is no profound and lasting influence from Fan Zhongyan!
Who says that literati can't be brave, and who says that literati can't gallop on the battlefield? If I hadn't come to Qingyang to learn about this little-known and almost dusty history, I wouldn't have known a more comprehensive Fan Zhongyan, and I failed Fan Zhongyan's martial arts, right?
The people in Huachi and Qingcheng counties built Fan Zhongyan's "Gong Fan Temple" and "Fan Zhongyan Temple" respectively, which have been admired for generations! In fact, I later noticed that almost all the places where Fan Zhongyan walked built "ancestral halls" or "memorial halls" for him, and all aspects of Fan Zhongyan were introduced in detail! I know nothing except Fan Zhongyan's literati. Is it my own ignorance?
When I finished typing this line, I suddenly found myself staying at home for six days, and the whole country was at home, trying their best to resist the coronavirus from Wuhan. Does this war without smoke also require Fan Zhongyan to resist "overall planning" like Xixia? Everyone is expecting such a figure and a good prescription as soon as possible. ...
When I take back my thoughts, it seems that Fan Zhongyan leaves towards the historical sky with a feather fan, a black scarf and a horse. ...
(This article is the result of carefully reading Professor Lv Xiaohe's research achievement "Research on Fan Zhongyan's Frontier Strategic Thought" and Professor Qi Shexiang's two books "Fan Zhongyan in Qingyang". I would like to express my heartfelt thanks to the two professors for their free books! )
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