1. Official achievements: Bachelor of Hanlin, Sima of Jiangzhou, Secretariat of Hangzhou.
2. Literary achievements: Bai Juyi was a great poet with great influence in the middle Tang Dynasty. His poetic thoughts and creations, which emphasize popularity and realism, occupy an important position in the history of China's poetry.
Su Shi:
1, literature achievement:
Ci: Su Shi has made extraordinary achievements in the creation of Ci. As far as the development of a style itself is concerned, the historical contribution of Su Ci has surpassed that of Su Wen and Su Shi. After Liu Yong, Su Shi carried out a comprehensive reform of ci style, and finally broke through the traditional pattern of "Ke Yan", improved the literary status of ci, changed ci from an accessory of music to an independent lyric style, and fundamentally changed the development direction of ci history. The transformation of Su Shi's ci is based on his concept of ci and his creative idea of "being unique". Ci has been regarded as "Tao" since the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties.
Poetry: Su Shi's views on society and thoughts on life are undisguised in literary works, among which poetry is the most incisive. In more than 2,700 Su poems, the theme of intervening in social reality and thinking about life is very prominent. Su Shi's attitude towards various unreasonable phenomena in social reality is "out of date", and he always regards criticizing reality as an important theme of his poems. What is more valuable is that Su Shi's criticism of society is not limited to the New Deal or the present. He criticized the long-standing abuses and bad habits in feudal society, and embodied a deeper critical consciousness.
Article: Su Shi's literary thought pays equal attention to literature and Taoism. He praised Han Yu and Ouyang Xiu for their contributions to ancient Chinese prose from two aspects: literature and Taoism. However, Su Shi's views on literature and Taoism were very unique in the Northern Song Dynasty. First of all, Su Shi thinks that article art has independent value, such as "pure gold and beautiful jade". Article is not only a tool to carry Tao, but also an advanced form of human spiritual activities. Secondly, the "Tao" in Su Shi's mind is not limited to Confucianism, but refers to the law of things in general. Therefore, Su Shi advocates that articles should be as natural as the objective world, with a natural attitude.
2. Artistic achievements:
Calligraphy: Su Shi is good at writing running script and regular script, and he is also called "Song Sijia" with Huang Tingjian, Mi Fei and Cai Xiang. He studied with famous artists in Jin, Tang and Five Dynasties, and integrated the creative styles of Wang Sengqian, Xu Hao, Li Yong, Yan Zhenqing and Yang Ningshi into his family. Su Shi's life was bumpy, and his calligraphy style also fluctuated. The existing works include Red Cliff Fu, Huangzhou Cold Food Poetry and Yellow River Sacrifice.
Painting: Su Shi is good at painting ink bamboo, and his paintings are as heavy as spirit. He advocates that painting should have feelings beyond painting, painting should have sustenance, and painting should oppose the shackles of similarity and procedure. He also advocated wonderful workmanship and clearly put forward the concept of "literati painting", which laid a certain theoretical foundation for the future development of "literati painting". His works include Atlas of Ancient Trees and Strange Stones and Atlas of Xiaoxiang Bamboo Stones.
Bai Juyi
Su Shi
Extended data:
1, Bai Juyi:
Bai Juyi's thought integrates Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, mainly Confucianism. His "ambition to help the world" is mainly based on Confucian benevolent policies, including the theory of Huang Lao, the technique of governing Xiao, and the method of applying to Korea; His mind of "being alone" absorbed the concepts of contentment, uniformity and freedom of Laozi and Zhuangzi and the Buddhist thought of "liberation". The two are roughly bounded by Bai's demotion of Jiangzhou Sima. Bai Juyi not only left nearly 3,000 poems, but also put forward a whole set of poetic theories.
He inherited the tradition of "comparing beauty" since the Book of Songs, and attached importance to the realistic content and social function of poetry. Emphasize the role of poetry in exposing and criticizing political abuses. He put forward a series of principles in the method of poetry expression.
His poetic theory is of progressive significance for urging poets to face up to reality and care about people's livelihood. It also has an important influence on the poetic style that has gradually emphasized form since Dali (766 ~ 779). However, overemphasizing the subordination of poetry creation to the needs of real politics will inevitably constrain the artistic creation of poetry and the diversification of poetry styles.
2. Su Shi:
Su Shi has high attainments in literature and poetry, and can be called the representative of the highest literary achievement in Song Dynasty. Moreover, Su Shi's creative activities are not limited to literature. He has made outstanding achievements in calligraphy, painting and other fields, and also made contributions in medicine, cooking, water conservancy and other skills. Su Shi is a typical representative of the cultural spirit in Song Dynasty. Judging from the scope of literary history, Su Shi's significance mainly has two points: First, Su Shi's attitude towards life has become a paradigm respected by later scholars: advancing and retreating freely, not being shocked by humiliation. Because Su Shi integrated the two attitudes of feudal scholars on the same value scale, he was able to keep calm and go all out.
Of course, this paradigm is more suitable for scholars who have suffered from ups and downs, and it can lead to a life of integrity and abundance, which is exactly what scholars in the past dynasties after the Song Dynasty hoped to do. Secondly, Su Shi's aesthetic attitude provides an enlightening aesthetic paradigm for later generations. He embraces the world with a broad aesthetic vision, so everything is considerable and beauty is everywhere. This paradigm has opened up a new world for future generations in subject matter, content and expression. Therefore, it is a historical necessity that Su Shi is universally loved by later literati.