[Edit this paragraph] Original text
In the ninth year of Yonghe (1), when he was in Guichou, at the beginning of late spring, he met at the Lanting Pavilion of Shanyin in Hui (kuài) Ji (2) , repair bad things (xì) (3). All the wise men (4) have arrived, and the young masters (zhǎng) (5) have gathered together. Here there are high mountains, lush forests and bamboos, and clear and rapid streams, which reflect the surroundings and lead to the flowing water (shāng) (6), which ranks second. Although it is not as prosperous as silk and bamboo orchestral music, one drink and one chant are enough to express the secret love. It's a sunny day, the air is clear, and the wind (7) is gentle and gentle. Looking up at the vastness of the universe and looking down at the abundance of categories, wandering your eyes and wandering around (8) is enough to provide you with great visual and auditory entertainment, which is a joy to behold.
The lady's relationship with her will last a lifetime (9). Or take the embrace of others and talk to each other (10) in a room; or because of the entrustment, wander outside the body (11). Although there are many different interests (12), calmness and restlessness are different. When he is happy with what he encounters, he is temporarily satisfied with himself, and he is happy and self-sufficient. He never knows that old age is coming (13); when he is tired, his mood changes with things. , this is the feeling. The admiration for it, the admiration of it (14), has become an old trace, but I still have to be excited about it. If it is shortened and changed, it will eventually end! The ancients said: "Death and life are also big things" (15), isn't it painful!
Every time I look at the reasons for the interest of the past people, if they are united (16), there will always be a sigh of relief (jiē dào), which cannot be expressed in my heart. It is known that Death and Life (17) is an illusion, and Qi Peng Shang (shāng) (18) is an illusion. The future looks at the present, just as the present looks at the past, sad man! Therefore, I listed people from that time and recorded what they said. Although the world is different and things are different, I am interested in it and it is the same. Those who view it later will also feel the elegance.
[Edit this paragraph] Notes
1. Yonghe: The reign of Emperor Mu of Jin Dynasty, 345-356 years, Shangjijie, Wang Xizhi, Xie An, Sun Chuo, Zhi Dun, etc. Forty-one celebrities gathered in Lanting, held a wedding ceremony, drank wine and wrote poems. Afterwards, the works were combined into a volume. Wang Xizhi wrote this preface to summarize the events.
2. Hui (kuài) Ji: the name of the county, including the area in today’s western Zhejiang and southeastern Jiangsu. Shanyin: present-day Shaoxing, Zhejiang.
3. Repairing evil spirits (xì): This gathering is for the purpose of holding evil spirits ceremony. According to ancient custom, on Si day in the early third month of the lunar calendar (it was designated as March 3rd after the Wei Dynasty), people gathered at the waterfront to play and wash in order to get rid of bad luck and seek blessings. In fact, this is a spring outing activity of the ancients.
4. Group of sages: refers to Xie An and other thirty-two celebrities who attended the meeting. Xian: The adjective acts as a noun.
5. Shaochang: refers to celebrities of different ages. For example, Wang Ningzhi and Wang Huizhi, Wang Xizhi's sons, are the younger ones; Xie An and Wang Xizhi are the elder sons. Shaochang: the adjective acts as a noun.
6. Liushangqushui: Use a lacquered wine cup to hold wine, put it into a curved waterway and let it drift. When the cup stops in front of someone, someone will drink from it. This is an ancient way of persuading people to drink for fun. Flow: Use usage.
7. Hui Feng: Gentle Wind
8. Cheng: Use it to your heart’s content without restraint. Cheng: usage.
9. Praise for life: spend your life socializing. Pitching: Refers to the entertainment of social personnel.
10. Enlightenment: face-to-face conversation. Both "Book of Jin·Biography of Wang Xizhi" and "Complete Jinwen" are called "Wuyan" ("wu" is connected with "meeting"), which refers to words of wonderful enlightenment that can be understood from the heart. Also Tong.
11. Out of bounds: The behavior is uninhibited and the body is not bound by secular etiquette.
12. Qushe: the trend of "trend". Give up, give up.
13. Old age is approaching: often used as a term for claiming to be aging. The words come from "The Analects of Confucius·Shu Er": "He is a human being. He is so angry that he forgets to eat, and he is happy and forgets his worries. He doesn't know that he will grow old."
14. Between pitching and pitching: one pitch and the other. Time means that the time is very short.
15. Life and death are also big things: Death and life are also big things. The words come from "Zhuangzi·De Chong Fu". judgment sentence.
16. Deed: Talisman deed, a token of ancient times. Carve words on the talisman deed, cut it into two, and hold half of it each as a certificate.
17. Death and life: Treat death and life as the same thing. The saying comes from "Zhuangzi·De Chongfu": "Death and life are one." And "Zhuangzi·Great Master": "Whoever knows that life and death are one and the same, I will be friends with him."
18. Qi Pengshang: Treat the long-lived and the short-lived equally. Peng, Pengzu, is said to be the great-great-grandson of Emperor Zhuanxu and lived to be 800 years old. Shang refers to a person who died in a short life. "Zhuangzi·Qiwu Lun": "Don't live longer than the mourning son, and Pengzu died young."
Differences between ancient and modern meanings
Secondly
The ancient meaning: its , pronoun, refers to Qushui. times, next to, by the water. For example: sit next to others.
Today’s meaning: ① The second.
② Secondary status.
Sven
Ancient meaning: Poems about this gathering. For example: You will also feel the gentleness.
Today’s meaning: elegance; culture or literati.
Embrace
The ancient meaning: to have ambitions. Such as: or take the arms
The present meaning: ①Hold in the arms; ②The chest; ③Keep in the heart; ④Plan.
Think
Ancient meaning: take...as. Such as: lead (it) to make (it) flow into the flowing water.
Today’s meaning: think.
So
Ancient meaning: ①Used. Such as: So the eyes are full of emotions;
②The reason for... Such as: So I am happy.
Today’s meaning: ①A conjunction expressing a causal relationship; ②Real reasons or appropriate actions (limited to being used as objects in fixed phrases).
Pitch
Ancient meaning: describe the short time. Such as: looking down for a lifetime
Modern meaning: lower the head and raise the head
Category
The ancient meaning: object, category of things. Refers to everything in the world. For example: Overlooking the prosperity of categories
Today’s meaning: types of items
Sentence structure
Ancient Chinese sentence structure:
a) Judgment Sentence: Life and death are also big things.
b) Inverted sentence: When you are happy with what you encounter (postposition of prepositional structure, that is, postposition of adverbial)
c) Inverted sentence: Meet at the Orchid Pavilion in Shanyin, Kuaiji ; cannot be described in one's mind (adverbial postposition); when one is happy with what one encounters (adverbial postposition); although there is no flourishing of silk, bamboo or strings (attributive postposition); looking up at the vastness of the universe, overlooking the prosperity of categories (attributive postposition) )
d) Omitted sentence: lead (to) think that the flow of wine is flowing water
Inflection of word categories
① When all the virtuous people come together, the young and the long will gather together. Fewer, younger people, longer, older people. All are adjectives used as nouns. Xian, a virtuous person, the adjective is used as a noun.
②I firmly believe that life and death are an illusion. 1. Noun as verb, equivalent, treating... as the same.
③Qi Pengshang acted recklessly. The adjective "Qi" is used as a verb, and... is regarded as equal.
The word has multiple meanings
(1) of
(1) Verb, to go, to arrive. Example: I am tired.
(2) Pronouns refer back to the things mentioned above. Example: To make one happy.
(3) Tie help, cancel the independence of the sentence. Example: Mrs. Xianghe.
(4) Jiezhu, attributive mark. Example: Extreme audio-visual entertainment.
(5) Syllable particle, supporting four syllables. Example: The beginning of late spring.
(2) One
(1) Together. Example: Ruoheyi Contract
(2) Same. Example: Qizhiyiye
(3) Seen as the same. Example: It is known that life and death are illusory.
(4) On one side... on the other side.... Example: One cup and one chant
Tongjiazi
Qushewanshu "Qu" is connected with "take", which means orientation. Or "trend", trend.
Enlightenment means "enlightenment" connects to "meeting" in one room
Involving idioms
A group of wise men have arrived, the mountains are high, the body is wild, the emotions change with the situation, the feelings are connected, and the eyes are full of thoughts
[Edit this paragraph] Translation
In the ninth year of Yonghe, which was the year of Guichou, in early March, we gathered at Lanting in Shanyin, Kuaiji, to do evil deeds. Many talented people gathered here, both young and old. Lanting is a place with high peaks, lush woods, and tall bamboos. There is also a clear and rapid stream (like a green belt) surrounding the pavilion, which uses the water as a flowing water. They sit beside the curved water. Although there is no grand occasion of playing music, they can drink some wine and write some poems. , and it is enough to describe the deep and hidden feelings freely.
On this day, the weather is clear, the air is fresh, and the breeze is warm. Looking up to see the vastness of the universe, looking down to observe the variety of all things on the earth, it is enough to stretch your eyesight and broaden your mind, which is enough to fully enjoy your sight and hearing. The entertainment is really very happy.
The interaction between people quickly passed a lifetime. Some people talked about their ambitions indoors; some people just talked about their hobbies. Put your own feelings on things, live unfettered and unfettered. Although each has his own hobbies, quietness and restlessness are different, but when they are happy with the things they come into contact with, they feel complacent, happy and satisfied for a moment, and do not know that aging is coming. When you are tired of what you get or love, your feelings will change as things change, and emotions will arise. The things you liked in the past have become old relics in a blink of an eye, and you can’t help but feel the feelings in your heart because of them. Moreover, the lifespan is long and depends on fate, and they will eventually perish! The ancients said: "Death and life are a big deal after all." How can we not make people sad!
Whenever I see the reasons for the sighs expressed by the predecessors, the reasons are as consistent as a talisman, and it is inevitable to sigh and mourn when reading the articles of the predecessors, and cannot understand it in my heart. I originally knew that the statement that equates life and death is untrue, and the statement that equates long life and short life is a fabrication. Future generations will look upon today's people just as today's people look upon their predecessors, which is sad. So I wrote down the people who were present at the meeting one by one, and recorded the psalms they composed. Even though times have changed and things are different, the reasons that trigger people's emotions and their thoughts and interests remain the same. Later generations of readers will also be moved by the poetry and prose of this gathering.
[Edit this paragraph] Introduction to the author
Wang Xizhi (303-361) was a Han nationality. His courtesy name was Yishao and his name was Danzhai. He was more than seven feet long (1.83 meters). He was originally from Linyi, Langya (today's Shandong), and later moved to Shanyin (today's Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province). He rose to the rank of General of the Right Army and was an internal historian of Kuaiji. He was a great calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and was revered as the "Sage of Calligraphy" by later generations. His son Wang Xianzhi was also good at calligraphy, and people called them "two kings". Another son, Wang Ningzhi, was promoted to General Zuo. Because Wang Xizhi once served as the general of the Youjun Army, he was known as "Wang Youjun" and "Wang Kuaiji" in the world. Representative works include: "Le Yi Lun" in regular script, "Huang Ting Jing", "Seventeen Tie" in cursive script, "Aunt Tie" in running script, "Kuai Xue Shi Qing Tie" in running script, "Sang Luan Tie", "Preface to the Lanting Collection" in running script, etc. He studied the body movements carefully, imitated the calligraphy with his heart, learned from many talents, and cultivated them in one furnace, creating a running script that is "natural in nature and rich in spirit for generations", and was hailed as the "Sage of Calligraphy" by later generations. Among them, the "Preface to the Lanting Collection" written by Wang Xizhi is admired by calligraphers and is called "the best running script in the world". His calligraphy is known as "floating like floating clouds, as powerful as a frightening dragon" and "iron calligraphy with silver hooks, unparalleled in ancient and modern times". Wang Xizhi has profound attainments in real calligraphy, cursive calligraphy and running-style calligraphy.
[Edit this paragraph] Article Appreciation
"Preface to the Lanting Collection", also titled "Linhe Preface", "Han Tie", "March 3 Preface to Lanting Poems", etc. . On March 3rd in the ninth year of Yonghe reign of Emperor Mu of Jin Dynasty (AD 353), Wang Xizhi, then the internal historian of Kuaiji, and his friends Xie An, Sun Chuo and 41 other people gathered in Lanting Pavilion to compose poems and drink wine. Wang Xizhi compiled the famous names and poems written by them into a collection, and wrote a preface to describe the incident of drinking Qushui and express the inner feelings caused by it. This preface is the "Preface to the Lanting Collection". This preface is greatly influenced by Shi Chong's "Preface to Jingu Poems", and its achievements are far superior to "Preface to Jingu Poems".
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The article first describes the time, place and participants of the meeting, concisely and comprehensively. Then describe the natural environment and surrounding scenery where Orchid Pavilion is located, using simple and well-organized language. To describe the scenery, start from the big picture, from far to near, then from near to far, and push to infinity. First, he writes about the high mountains and ridges, then gradually he writes about the clear and turbulent rivers, and then he goes down the river to transcribe the characters' activities and their moods, combining movement and stillness. Then he adds the natural scenery, starting from the clear blue sky and the gentle spring breeze, and naturally pushing towards the vast universe and all things in the world. The artistic conception is clear and elegant, and the mood is cheerful and smooth. The Lanting banquet can really be said to be "all four beauties, two difficult to combine".
But there is no banquet in the world that lasts forever. Where there is gathering, there must be parting. The so-called "happy and sad" should be people's common mood, although people have different choices and different temperaments. Just now, I felt extremely happy about what I longed for and finally obtained, but in an instant, it was already a thing of the past. Human life is no exception. The so-called "I don't know that old age is coming" (Confucius's words), "The old man is slowly approaching" (Qu Yuan's words), "In the world of life, one is dying as if the dust is flying" ("Nineteen Ancient Poems") ), this cannot help but arouse people's emotions. Whenever we think of the fact that human life, no matter how long it is, will eventually perish, it makes people feel even more desolate and sad. If the previous paragraph is about narrative and scene description, then this paragraph is about discussion and lyricism. The author expresses his longing for life and persistent enthusiasm in expressing his lament that life is short and life is fleeting. ?
During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, metaphysics talks were popular for a while. Most gentry scholars used Zhuangzi's "Equality of Things" as a pretext, pretending to be open-minded and disdainful of meritorious work. Wang Xizhi was also a eloquent literati, but in terms of political thought and life ideals, Wang Xizhi was different from other literati. He once said: "False talk is a waste of work, and idle writing hinders important matters" (Shishuoxinyu·Yu Chapter). In this preface, Wang Xizhi also clearly denounced "Yi Shisheng" and "Qi Peng Shang" as a This false outlook on life clearly affirms the value of life. ?
This article has a fresh, simple and non-embellished style. The language is fluent, clear and moving, which is completely different from the works of the Wei and Jin Dynasties that modeled mountains and rivers, "Li picked out hundreds of words, and competed for the price of one sentence" ("Wen Xin Diao Long·Ming Poems"). The sentence pattern is neat and varied, mainly short sentences, with occasional sentences in the prose. The rhythm is harmonious and pleasant to the ear. ?
In short, this article reflects Wang Xizhi’s positive outlook on life, which is in sharp contrast to the inaction advocated by Lao-Zhuang’s theory. To inspire and think for future generations.
[Edit this paragraph] Thoughts of "Preface to the Lanting Collection"
1. Write about the grand occasion of the Lanting Collection to highlight the "joy" of life.
?The first paragraph of the article writes more specifically about the grand occasion of the Lanting Gathering. There are six sentences in this paragraph. The first sentence describes the time, place and purpose of the gathering, the second sentence describes the people attending the meeting, the third sentence describes the elegant environment of Lanting, the fourth sentence describes the activities of people at the event, and the fifth sentence describes Qinghe The sixth sentence expresses emotion about the weather. Obviously, some of the six sentences are routine and necessary explanations, some are about the beauty of nature, and some are about the "grand occasion" of the gathering. Under the clear sky, celebrities felt the warm spring breeze. They could look far, close up, look up or down, sip water, drink wine, compose poems, and talk about their love. How painful! How happy! How happy! And "looking up at the universe" "It is so big that you can see the prosperity of the category", and its function is to "enjoy the eyes and entertain the mind" and "extremely audio-visual entertainment". While expressing the joy of life, it also shows a broad-minded state of mind.
?This paragraph begins with describing a grand event and ends with expressing emotions; in the name of doing "cultivation", in reality it is to practice happiness.
? 2. Write about the similarities and differences between the quiet and the restless to highlight the "pain" of death.
?The second paragraph of the article describes two types of people, one is a person who likes "quietness" and the other is a person who likes "noisy". The former "takes the arms of others and talks to each other in the same room", while the latter "leaves himself outside because of the trust he has placed in his heart". There is a big difference in character and even behavior. However, there are striking similarities between the two: "When he is happy with what he encounters, he gets what he has for the time being, and he is self-sufficient, and he never knows that old age is coming; when he is tired of what he is doing, his emotions change with the situation, and he sighs with emotion. .
"When you are happy, you get carried away and don't feel that you are aging quietly. When you get tired of the happy things, emotion will naturally arise. What emotion? There are two: one is "I am happy for what I am looking for, and I am admiring it. , has been stated"; the other is "shorten and change, and will eventually end." It tells us three points: first, things are born and then destroyed, and there is happiness and sorrow; second, things are from birth to Death, from happiness to sadness, is very short, just like the passing of a white horse; thirdly, the existence and death of life is not something that can be controlled subjectively, it depends on the creation of nature. Come on, life is so precious! Because of this, the author quoted the ancient saying "Death and life are also important"; because of this, the author sighed: "Isn't it painful!"
? 3. The article is It was written to criticize the nihilistic ideas of celebrities.
The Eastern Jin Dynasty was an era when celebrities were fashionable. They worshiped Lao Zhuang and talked about mystical principles without being practical. Passivity and inaction are like duckweeds in the sea, swaying with the waves. Of course, if you die, you will die. It doesn't matter, because death is life and life is death. "Once you die, you will live." ". In this regard, the author made a tactful criticism.
?Life and death are two different things and cannot be equated. There are all kinds of lives, some people live in a cowardly way, and some people live in a cowardly way. People live contentedly; there are also various kinds of death, some people die in obscurity, and some people die with great vigor. Sima Qian said: "Everyone has one death, which may be heavier than Mount Tai or lighter than a feather." Zang Kejia said: "Some people are dead, but they are still alive; some people are alive, but they are dead." Mao Zedong said: "Life is great, death is glorious." "... How can life and death be equated? As the author said: "We know that death and life are illusions, and mourning and mourning are illusions. "The author writes this, which shows that he attaches great importance to the issue of life and death. He wants to use this to inspire those so-called celebrities with confused ideas not to let life pass away easily and quietly from their side.
? 4. The article warns "those who watch later" from the perspective of "life and death are important".
In summary, the article describes the grand occasion of the Lanting Gathering and elaborates on it. The viewpoint of "life and death is also important" criticizes the nihilistic ideas of scholar-bureaucrats. It is obviously written with emotion and emotion. However, as a "preface" to a collection of essays, in addition to criticizing the nihilistic ideas of scholar-bureaucrats. In addition, we also need to talk about the purpose of the gathering. Those who attended the Lanting gathering were celebrities in the society at that time, such as Xie An, Sun Chuo and others. As mentioned above, they drank Qushui, drank wine, composed poems, and talked about their love affairs. , What a pain! What a pleasure! What a joy! However, "it is already a trace of admiration and admiration." In this regard, the author thinks "it is not painful"! Therefore, it is not necessary to collect their poems. As for making it disappear and letting it last forever, "those who view it later will also feel the elegance", just like the author, he felt that "life and death are not the same". Why is this? Because "even in this world." Different things are different, so the excitement is the same." Because "the future will look at the present, and the present will also look at the past." This cannot help but make people sigh what a good heart the author has!
[Edit this paragraph] Creation background
During the Eastern Jin Dynasty, many famous people lived here, talking about Taoism and being wild in the ninth year of the lunar calendar in the ninth year of Emperor Mu of Jin Dynasty (353). 3. Wang Xizhi, who "made his first trip to Zhejiang with the ambition of finally arriving in Zhejiang", once held an elegant gathering at the Lanting Pavilion in Shanyin, Kuaiji (at the foot of Lanzhu Mountain outside today's Shaoxing City). These celebrities include Situ Xie'an and Sun Chuo, a poet and poet. , the proud and arrogant Xie Wan, the eminent monk Zhi Daolin, and forty-two people including Wang Xizhi's sons, nephews Xianzhi, Ningzhi, Huanzhi, and Xuanzhi.
In March in the south of the Yangtze River, it usually rains lightly. It is a continuous rainy season, but this day is exceptionally sunny, with high mountains, lush forests and bamboos, gentle winds, clear streams and rapids, and a quiet and pleasant scenery. The main content of the Lanting Gathering is "cultivation", which is an ancient folk custom in my country. a custom.
On the third day of March in the ninth year of Yonghe (AD 353) of Emperor Mu (Sima Dan) of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Wang Xizhi and forty-one people including Sun Chuo, Xie An and Shi Zhidun, who were famous at the time, went out for evil events. , held a banquet at Lanting. Everyone who attended the meeting had poems, and these poems were later compiled into a collection. "Preface to the Lanting Collection" is the preface written by Wang Xizhi for this collection of poems. Preface, a literary name, is a text that outlines books and articles and discusses their main themes, which is equivalent to an introduction.