In December of the fifth year of Chongzhen (2), Yu lived in the West Lake. It snowed heavily for three days, and the sound of people and birds in the lake could not be heard. At that time, I took a small boat, held my lavender clothes and made a fire, and went to the pavilion in the middle of the lake to watch the snow alone. The rime (sōng) is foggy (hàngdàng)⑹, the sky, clouds, mountains and water are all white. The shadows on the lake are only a trace of the long dike, a small pavilion in the center of the lake, a mustard (jiè) with Yu Zhou, and two or three grains of people in the boat. When we arrived at the pavilion, two people were spreading a rug and sitting opposite each other, while a boy was making wine and the stove was boiling. When he saw Yu, he was overjoyed and said, "How can there be more people like this in the lake?" He pulled Yu to drink with him. Yu Qiang (qiǎng) ⑽ said goodbye after drinking three big whites, and asked about his surname. He was from Jinling and was a guest here. Before getting off the boat, Zhouzi murmured: "Don't say that my husband is crazy, for there are people who are as crazy as my husband!" In December of the fifth year of Chongzhen, I lived in West Lake, Hangzhou. It had been snowing heavily for several days. There were no tourists in the lake, and even the sound of birds had stopped. After the first watch of the day, I rowed a small boat, wore a fur coat, and carried a stove, and went to the Huxin Pavilion to enjoy the snow scenery alone. Ice flowers filled the air, and the sky, clouds, mountains, and water were all white. The only shadows that can be seen on the lake are the long embankment of the West Lake faintly showing a trace in the snow, the pavilion in the center of the lake is a dot in the snow, my boat is like a mustard leaf floating in the lake, and the people on the boat are like two or three tiny grains. Just grains of rice. When we arrived at the pavilion in the center of the lake, the two people had been spread out on felt mats, and sat there facing each other. A little book boy was lighting up the stove, and the wine was boiling on the stove. When (the two people) saw me, they were very surprised and said: "I never thought there would be such a crazy person enjoying the snow in the lake!" Then they took me to drink together. I drank as much as I could and drank three large glasses of farewell. I asked them their names. (They replied) They are from Jinling and live here as guests. When I arrived at my boat, the boatman murmured to himself: "Don't say Mr. is crazy, there are people as crazy as you." Editor's Notes for this paragraph 1. This article is excerpted from "Tao An's Dream Memories" by Zhang Dai (1597) ——1679), also named Zongzi, also named Shigong, also named Tao'an, also known as Die'an Jushi, a native of Shanyin (Shaoxing, Zhejiang) in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. Lives in Hangzhou. Born in a family of officials, he was a wealthy son when he was young. He loved prosperity, loved landscapes, and was interested in music and opera. He is the author of peerless literary masterpieces such as "Memories of Tao'an Dreams", "Dream Seeking the West Lake", "Collected Works of Lang Huan", "Three Immortal Pictures", "Night Sailing" and "White Ocean Tide". 2. The fifth year of Chongzhen: 1632 AD. Chongzhen, the reign name of Zhu Youjian, Emperor Sizong of the Ming Dynasty (1628-1644). 3. This day is updated: Yes: pronoun, this. Gengding: Geng, ancient night timekeeping, one night is divided into five shifts, each shift is about two hours. It’s settled, it’s over, it’s over. 4. Take (ráo) as "桡" to support [a boat]. One is "." 5. Support 毳 [cuì] clothes and stove: wear a fur sweater and take a boat with a stove. Laiyi, clothes made of fur. Silk, the fine hairs of birds and animals. 6. Rime: Describing a blanket of ice flowers. Rime refers to clouds and water vapor; fog is the cloud cover from the sky over the lake surface, rime is the water vapor that evaporates from the lake surface, and rime is the ice flower formed by the condensation of water vapor. Zeng Gong's "Poems on Winter Nights" notes: "It is very cold in Qi. The night air is like fog, condensing on the water, and the sky is like snow in the morning. The sunrise fills the courtyard. People in Qi call it rime." The foggy, white air A diffuse look. Hang, describes the flood. 7. Yibai: all white. (1: all; all) 8. A trace of the long embankment: describes the West Lake long embankment showing only a faint trace in the snow. Embankment, a waterproof building along a river or coast. 9. How can there be such a person: It means that there is no such person. How could it be possible? More, yet. 10. Bai: The wine glass used by the ancients for drinking as a penalty, here it refers to the wine glass. 11. Guest here: Stay here as a guest. 12. Zhouzi: boatman 13. Nan: onomatopoeia 14. Xianggong: the honorific title given to scholars in the old days 15. Geng: Huan 16. Chi: unique feelings to show his unique personality of loving mountains and rivers, being indifferent and lonely. 17. Ju: All 18. Just: That’s all 19. Qiang (jiàng) drink: drink as hard as you can; Qiang: try your best, try your best. Reluctantly drink it 20. Surname: Where 21. Jue: disappear, stop 22. Rime: ice flowers formed by water. 23. Dang Dang: The white air filled the air 24 Mo: Don’t Edit the topic of this article By writing about meeting a close friend while admiring the snow in the pavilion in the middle of the lake, it shows the author’s lonely mood and slight melancholy at the beginning. It highlights the author's independent and outstanding elegant taste.
It expresses the author's joy when meeting a close friend and regret when they are separated, embodies the author's longing for his homeland, and also reflects the author's quality of not conforming to the world and not following the crowd. Edit this paragraph appreciation: This article is a masterpiece of Zhang Dai's sketches handed down from generation to generation. By recalling an experience of riding a boat to watch the snow in the West Lake, the author expresses his deep thoughts of seclusion and expresses his deep nostalgia and sentimental feelings. The author went alone in a small boat after three days of heavy snow and quiet night. Unexpectedly, they met a guest in the pavilion. The three of them drank together and only exchanged names before parting. Zhouzi murmured that he was crazy about the three people, but he didn't know that these three people were the ones with the right temperament. The biggest feature of this article is its concise writing style. The full text is less than 200 words, but it integrates narrative, scene description, and lyricism. What is especially amazing is the author's refinement of quantifiers, "一hen", "一点", "一 must" , a combination of "two or three pills" can actually convey the vast realm of eternity and even the silent atmosphere of silence, which is amazing. The author makes good use of contrasting techniques, such as big and small, cold and hot, loneliness and close friends. The contrast is sharp, and he effectively expresses the deep emotion of the vagueness of life and the lingering longing for the motherland. The technique of line drawing is also used to express the author's surprise at appreciating the snow, his feelings of self-admiration and a touch of melancholy. Edit this paragraph Author introduction and writing background Zhang Dai (1597-1679), also known as Weicheng, also named Zongzi, also named Shigong, also named Tao'an, also known as Die'an layman, was a native of Shanyin (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang), and lived in Hangzhou . Zhang Dai was an essayist and historian in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. Born into a family of officials, he was a wealthy son when he was young. He was also an expert in tea appreciation. He loved prosperity, landscapes, music, and opera. After the fall of the Ming Dynasty, he stopped serving and went to the mountains to write books. There is "Tao'an Dream Memories" "Dream Seeking the West Lake" and so on. The author of the encyclopedia "Night Sailing" Tao An's Dream Recalls that Zhang Dai was born in a family of benevolent officials for generations. In his early years, he traveled to Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shandong, Anhui and other provinces, and had extensive experience. His family had accumulated a large amount of Ming Dynasty historical materials over three generations and was well-read. When he was 32 years old, he had to use the family collection materials to compile a biographical history of the Ming Dynasty. After the fall of the Ming Dynasty, he went into the mountains with his hair untied and wrote books in peace and poverty. Zhang Dai has a wide range of interests and usually pays great attention to various people, dynamics, people's lives, customs and habits in society, as well as many aspects such as diet, fruits and vegetables. These were often looked down upon by the authentic literati of the old era, but he had the interest and courage to appreciate and record them. He wrote an "Epitaph for Himself", in which he very frankly admitted that he was a "child of beasts and loved prosperity very much" and called himself a "tea and orange abuser". Zhang Dai is very good at tea tasting, and the section "Min Laozi Tea" in "Tao'an Dream Memories" is very vivid: Yu said: "The fragrance is strong and strong, and the taste is very rich. This is spring tea! The one for Xiang Yu is Autumn harvest." Wenshui laughed and said, "I am seventy years old, and there is no one who appreciates it more." So we made a friendship. Zhang Dai is worthy of being an expert in discerning tea and water. Zhang Dai is good at tea tasting, and he also carefully transformed the Rizhu tea in his hometown to create a kind of "Lan Xue Tea". "Rizhu Xueya" has been listed as a tribute in the Song Dynasty, and has the reputation of "Yuezhou Rizhu Tea, the best in the south of the Yangtze River". However, in the Ming Dynasty, Anhui Xiuning Usnea Tea was famous for its exquisite preparation method and was even surpassed by the United States. Zhang Dai "recruited She people to cast in Japan", just like the usnea making method, using the method of cutting, digging, moving, spreading, fanning, frying, baking and hiding. Then he explored the spring water and found that "he had a spring, but the fragrance could not come out. If he boiled the spring water and put it in a small pot, the fragrance would be too strong. He mixed it with jasmine, tried it again and again, put it in an open porcelain pot, and waited for it to come out. When it is cold, wash it down with swirling soup, and the color will be like a bamboo trellis, the green powder is evenly distributed, and it is like the first dawn on a mountain window, the light shines through the paper, and it is pure white, like a hundred stems of plain orchids mixed with snow waves. It’s diarrhea. The snow buds have been harvested, but the energy has not yet been obtained.” ("Tao An Mengyi·Lan Xue Tea") After four or five years, Lan Xue tea became popular in the tea market and became a popular drink in Shaoxing. Tea drinkers changed their usual habit of drinking Usnea and instead drank Fei Lanxue. Later, even Usnea tea was renamed "Lan Xue". Zhang Dai deserves the credit for Lanxue Tea's reputation. In the Ming Dynasty, Shaoxing had opened many teahouses, one of which was particularly exquisite in boiling water: "The spring is made of jade, the tea is made of orchid and snow, the soup is boiled by swirling, there is no old soup, the utensils are washed with time, there are no dirty utensils, and the heat is used to make the soup." "There is always a match between heaven and earth." Zhang Dai was particularly fond of this teahouse and named it "Brother Lu", which means "tea nectar has a brother" from Mi Fu. He also wrote "Tea Fighting": "Water is addicted to tea, and there is an ancient custom in love. The auspicious grass and snow buds are known as Yue Jue, especially because cooking is illegal. The kudzu stove has always been dusty, and there is no one to appreciate it, causing feathers. Those who have accumulated beetles will choose a good place, and the Tangmeng will be repeated. The water talisman will be delivered from the Yuquan. The tea will come from the blue snow. The melon seeds will be roasted. Why should I be beside the Ruicao Bridge? The orange pomelo and pears will come from the Cushan Garden. Water, not too sweet, smooth, fragrant, clean and cool.
The common things of the seven families, regardless of firewood, rice, oil, salt, soy sauce and vinegar, what can be done without these in a day, the children, bamboos and concubines are as famous as each other. Seven bowls of tea are too much to eat, but the taste of tea in the same house is not known. A pot of tea is used to shake the dust and have a smooth conversation. Burning incense on the bed in the early morning will make you drunk in vain. " Zaohuan Spring, a famous spring in Shaoxing that was once famous as Hupao and Huiquan, was once buried and no longer known. It was discovered by Zhang Daizhong. He recorded its story in the article "Hupao Spring" : In the summer of Jiayin, I took a sip of water from a mottled bamboo, and the phosphorus had a different color. It looked like the autumn moon in the frosty sky, the sky was white, and it was like light mist coming out of Xiu, and the pine trees and rocks were light and about to disperse. . I saw calligraphy and painting at the mouth of the well. I brushed it with a broom, and the calligraphy was similar to that of Youjun. I tried the tea and found that there was little smell of stone in it. After staying there for three days, the Qi disappeared. There is no other way to identify the Wanquan. Take the water and lick it with your tongue. If it passes through the cheek, it will be empty. If there is no water to swallow, it is a Wanquan. If you are good at it, you may drink it to make wine or open it. The tea house of Huanquan was sold in urns, and there were officials who gave it as gifts. Dong Fangbo kept the water and drank it, but he was afraid that he would not give it to him. There are many records in the book. Zhang Dai was a tea friend. Among his tea friends was Kuaiji Lu, who "will come to his home every day, sip tea, burn incense, talk and laugh, except when there is a big storm or as a last resort." In Yungu, there were Zhou Youxin, a mountain man from Jidi who was fond of "Mi Dian Shi, Zi Dian Bamboo, Mulberry Tea, and Dongpo Meat" who always drank tea with him. "It's hard to know who will win when we conquer the Central Plains." Dai is also a "tea addict". His younger brother, a mountain man, got a porcelain pot with an ancient style. He played with it for a year and got an inscription on it: " Bathing in the sun and the moon are also responsible for its color, Ge Kiln and Han jade are also responsible for breathing, and white mountains are also responsible for food and drink. There is also a Xuanyao tea bowl. Zhang Dai has an inscription: "At the beginning of autumn, under the green parasol trees." Out of plain porcelain, spread the quiet night. "There is also a purple clay pot without the maker's seal. Zhang Dai confirmed that it was the hand of Gong Chun, and specially made an inscription on the pot: "Many famous paintings in ancient times are not signed. Looking at this pot, each one is Gong Chun. Da Bin recognizes his bones, dare he or not? "Huxin Pavilion is located in the West Lake. It is said that when the West Lake was renovated in the Song Dynasty, small islands were piled with lake mud. In the 31st year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty (1552), a pavilion was built on the mountain and named "Huxin Pavilion". This article uses fresh and elegant words The pen and ink depict the peaceful and pure scene of the West Lake after snow, showing the elegance of the people who visit the lake and the author's aspirations. At the same time, it implicitly expresses the author's nostalgia for his motherland (Ming Dynasty). It feels like this is not an article at all. It is purely the connection between the lonely and the lonely, and the connection between the lonely and the heaven and the earth, because the author puts many things that he knows in his heart out of words, and uses broad-mindedness and tranquility to create an almost pure beauty.