At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the world was in chaos. In the name of Emperor Gaozu, Cao Cao conquered all directions, wiped out the separatist forces such as Er Yuan, Lu Bu, Liu Biao, Ma Chao and Han Sui at home, and surrendered to the southern Xiongnu, Wu Huan and Xianbei abroad. The northern part of China was unified, and a series of policies to restore economic production and social order were implemented, such as expanding reclamation, building water conservancy projects, rewarding agriculture and mulberry, attaching importance to handicrafts and resettling refugees. Under the rule of Cao Cao, the politics of the Yellow River Basin became clear to some extent, the economy gradually recovered, the class oppression was slightly alleviated, and the social atmosphere improved. Some measures taken by Cao Cao in the name of Han have positive effects.
When Cao Cao was alive, he was the prime minister of the Eastern Han Dynasty and later Wang Wei, which laid the foundation for the establishment of Cao Wei. After his death, posthumous title became King Wu. After his son Cao Pi proclaimed himself emperor, he was honored as Emperor Wu, with the temple name Taizu.
Cao Cao is a good soldier, good at writing poems, expressing his political ambitions and reflecting the miserable life of the people in the late Han Dynasty. He is bold, generous and sad. Prose is also clean and tidy, which has developed and prospered Jian 'an literature and left valuable spiritual wealth to future generations. History is called Jian 'an style, and Lu Xun evaluates it as "the ancestor of cultural change". At the same time, Cao Cao is good at calligraphy. Zhang Huai in Tang Dynasty called Cao Cao's Cao Zhang a "wonderful work" in Sichuan.
Early experience
Cao Cao was born in an official family. Cao Cao's father, Cao Song, was the adopted son of eunuch Cao Teng, who was called Cao Can of Han Dynasty after A.D.. Cao served four generations of emperors and gained a certain reputation. Emperor Huan of the Han Dynasty sealed the fee, Cao Song succeeded Cao Tenghou, and Emperor Ling of the Han Dynasty sealed Qiu.
When Cao Cao was young, he was resourceful and alert, and he had the ability to weigh contingency at random. He was willful, chivalrous and bohemian, and didn't cultivate his own character and study, so people at that time didn't think he had any special talents. Only Qiao Xuan and others in Guo Liangli think he is different. Qiao Xuan said to Cao Cao, "There will be chaos in the world. People who are destined to do nothing can't help it. Who can be safe, monarch? " Nanyang said to him, "If the Han family dies and the world is safe, it must be this person!" Xu Shao of Nanyang is famous for knowing people. He once said to Cao Cao, "Junqingping's traitor is a hero in troubled times."
Cao Cao showed his love and talent for martial arts in his early years. He reads widely, especially Sun Tzu's Art of War. He copied the military strategy of ancient schools, the book "The History of the Three Kingdoms", and annotated the Art of War handed down from generation to generation. These laid a solid foundation for his later military career.
Get sb's attention
In the third year of Xiping, Cao Cao was promoted to filial piety and went to Beijing as A Lang. Soon, he was appointed as the northern commander of Luoyang. Luoyang, the capital of the Eastern Han Dynasty, is a place where imperial power and national interests coexist, and it is difficult to govern. As soon as Cao Cao arrived at his post, he announced the ban, strictly observed the law and discipline, and made more than ten five-color sticks and hung them around the yamen. "Anyone who violates the ban will be clubbed to death." Uncle Qiang, the eunuch favored by the emperor, tried to walk illegally at night, but Cao Cao showed no mercy and killed him with a colored stick. As a result, "the imperial capital has stopped, and no one dares to commit it." So Cao Cao offended some powerful people at that time. Because of his father Cao Song, Cao Cao was transferred to Dunqiu. Ren Qiuling.
In the first year of light-year, Cao Cao was implicated and dismissed because his brother-in-law was killed by eunuchs. After that, I had nothing to do in Luoyang and went back to my hometown Qiao County.
In the third year of Guanghe, Cao Cao was recruited as a negotiator by the court. Previously on gene.
In the first year of Zhong Ping, the Yellow Scarf Uprising broke out, and Cao Cao was worshipped as the riding captain, and was ordered to join forces with Huang Fusong and others to attack the Yellow Scarf Army in Yingchuan. As a result, the Yellow Scarf Army was broken and tens of thousands of people were beheaded. Then moved to Jinan. During his tenure in Jinan, Cao Cao managed things as always. More than ten counties in Jinan. Most county officials are attached to your position, accepting bribes unscrupulously and perverting the law. China turned a blind eye to Cao Cao. As soon as Cao Cao took office, he made great efforts to rectify, hitting eight-tenths of the officials at once, shaking Jinan and causing corrupt officials to flee. "The politics and religion are big, and one county is flat." At that time, the politics of the Eastern Han Dynasty was extremely dark, and there was even a system of buying officials. The court appointed him as the chief executive of Dong Jun and worshipped him as a negotiator. Cao Cao refused to cater to the dignitaries as their agents, so he returned to the village sick, studied in spring and summer, hunted in autumn and winter, and lived in seclusion for the time being.
The world is in chaos. First, Wang Fen, the secretariat of Jizhou, joined forces with Nanyang and other dignitaries to plot to depose Lingdi and form an alliance with Hou. Wang Fen and others had hoped that Cao Cao would join them, but Cao Cao refused. Later, Wang Fen committed suicide. Then there is the border of Jincheng County in the northwest. Han Sui killed the secretariat and the satrap and led more than 100,000 soldiers to rebel against the imperial court.
In the fifth year of Pingwu, Emperor Ling of the Han Dynasty established the Eight Commanders of Xiyuan in order to consolidate his rule, and Cao Cao was appointed as the Commander of Canon Army because of his family background.
Chenwangchao
In the sixth year of Heiping, Emperor Han Ling died and became king, and He Taihou entered the DPRK. General blades wanted to use the death of Emperor Ling and the downfall of eunuchs to destroy Shi Chang, but he didn't get He Taihou's support. So blades called Dong Zhuo, then a state shepherd, to Beijing and coerced He Taihou into agreeing. But this move alarmed Dong Zhuo, who had not yet entered Beijing, and Blade had been murdered by eunuchs. In September of the same year, Dong Zhuo entered Beijing, took charge of state affairs, abolished Han Shaodi as the king of Hongnong, changed his brother Chen Liuwang as the emperor of Han Xian, and sent people to poison the mother and son of Hongnong Wang, claiming to be a teacher and specializing in state affairs. Seeing that Cao Cao and Dong Zhuo rebelled and refused to cooperate with them, they changed their names and fled Luoyang. When Cao Cao arrived at Liu Chen, he "dispersed his wealth and joined the rebel army", sent out the rebel army and called on the heroes of the world to crusade against Dong Zhuo.
In the first month of the first year of Chuping, Yuan Shu and others jointly elected Yuan Shao, the governor of Bohai Sea, as the leader, and Cao Cao as the acting general to participate in Dong Jun. In February, Dong Zhuo was defeated by the allied forces and forced Xian Di to move to Chang 'an. He personally burned the palace, dug graves, and plundered the people, making the land in Luoyang Fiona Fang 200 miles desolate and desolate. However, the Kanto Allied Forces were afraid of Dong Zhuo's elite Liangzhou Army, and no one dared to advance to Kansai. Are stationed in Ziziphus jujuba. Cao Cao thought that Dong Zhuo "burned the palace to rob the emperor and shake the sea" and should take the opportunity to fight it, so he led the army westward alone. Cao Cao went to Xingyang Bianshui and confronted Xu Rong, the general of Dong Zhuo. Because of the disparity in strength, Cao Cao was defeated, and most of the foot soldiers were killed or injured. He himself was injured by the flow vector. Fortunately, my cousin Cao Hong saved him and survived. Back in Zizyphus jujuba, Cao Cao suggested that all the armies should take their positions and then divide their troops into Wuguan to besiege Dong Zhuo, but the generals in Kanto refused to listen. Guan Dongjun, named Dong Zhuo, actually has ulterior motives and hopes to develop his own strength. Soon, there was friction between the troops and they fought with each other. The alliance was dissolved.
In the second year of Pingping, Cao Cao got Wei.
In the autumn of four years in Pingping, Cao Cao's father Cao Song came to Cao Cao's residence and was killed by Tao Qian's army. Cao Cao then invaded Xuzhou and expanded his power to the southeast. Tao Qian retreated to Tancheng County. Soon Cao Cao's rations will be used up, and he will withdraw. The following summer, Cao Cao levied Xuzhou again, omitting the East China Sea. During Cao Cao's expedition to Xuzhou, he killed many enemies, and along the way, "chickens and dogs are unknown, and there are no pedestrians in the city." Chen Gong, the eastern garrison, was dissatisfied with Cao Cao, so he conspired with Juck Zhang and Zhong Miao, the younger brothers of Zhang Miao and Zhang Miao, to marry Lu Bu as Yanzhou shepherd. Lu Bu was a famous soldier at that time. He first served as Dong Zhuo's Ministry, and then murdered Dong Zhuo with Wang Yun.
At that time, only Juancheng, Fan and Dong 'e counties were still under the control of Cao Cao, and were controlled by Sima, Garrison and Taishou respectively. The situation is extremely critical. When Cao Cao came back from Xuzhou, he heard that Lu Bu was in Puyang, so he marched into Puyang and besieged it. The two armies were at loggerheads for more than a hundred days, and a plague of locusts broke out. The two sides stopped fighting and Cao returned to Juancheng. At this time, Cao Cao lost Yanzhou and his rations were exhausted. Yuan Shao sent someone to persuade Cao Cao to take refuge in him and let Cao Cao's family move to Ye County as hostages. Cao Cao intended to promise Yuan Shao, but because of Cheng Yu's dissuasion, Cao Cao gave up the idea.
In the second year of Pingping, Cao Cao reorganized his army and fought with Lu Bu again. After the three defeats, we broke Dingtao and Lianqiu and pacified Yanzhou. Lu Bu fled to Xuzhou to take refuge in Liu Bei. In July, due to the struggle between Li Jue and Guo Si, Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty returned to the East from Chang 'an, and issued a decree, so all governors should pay attention to him.
In August of the first year of Jian 'an, Cao Cao greeted Emperor Han. At the time of Xinhai, Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty named Cao Cao as a captain in charge of official business and recorded history. Geng Shen moved the capital to Xuchang. 1 10 year 10 month 10 Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty made Cao Cao an agent, rode a bike, and all the officials always listened to him.
In the first month of the second year of Jian 'an, Cao Cao moved eastward to Zhang Xiu, and his army was stationed to catch water. Zhang Xiu surrendered and immediately rebelled. Cao Ang, the eldest son, Cao, the nephew, and Dian Wei, the veteran, died in battle. After that, Cao Cao attacked Zhang Xiu twice, but neither was completely breached. In September, Cao Cao invaded Yuan Shu, Yuan Shu abandoned the army and fled to the Huaihe River, and the owl Yuan Shu stayed behind for four generals.
In April of the third year of Jian 'an, Cao Cao sent an emissary Pei Mao to lead the corps commander to simmer for Li Jue and Sanzu. In September, Cao Cao invaded Xuzhou and attacked his old enemy Lu Bu. Under Cao Jun's offensive, Lu Bu's army went up and down. In December, Lu Bu gave it to Xu Wei and Song Xian, but Chen Gong gave it to Cao Cao. When Lu Bu saw that the tide was gone, he fell down. Cao Cao's Lu Bu, Chen Gong, Seibel and others were executed, while Lu Bu's Taishan heroes Zhang Liao, Cang Ba and Sun Guan initially took control of Xuzhou.
In the fourth year of Jian 'an, Cao Cao sent Shi Huan and Coss to break through the old section of JASON ZHANG and gain Hanoi County, extending their sphere of influence to the north of the Yellow River.
Battle of guandu
After the destruction, in order to cope with the war with Yuan Shao, Cao Cao arranged in advance and ordered people with potential influence in Qingzhou to invade Qingzhou, occupy Qi, Beihai and other places, and consolidate the right wing; And ordered the general to forbid the troops to monitor Yuan Jun on the south bank of the Yellow River. Soon, Zhang Xiu obeyed Jia Xu's plan and surrendered to Cao Cao. Cao Cao was overjoyed and made Zhang Xiu a general, which relieved his worries. In December of the fourth year of Jian 'an, Cao Cao led an army to camp in Guandu, ready to meet Yuan Shao.
After Liu Bei died in Tao Qian, he worked as a shepherd in Xuzhou. Later, Xuzhou was captured by Lu Bu and Liu Bei was defeated.
Yuan Shao was the most powerful force in the north at that time and the most powerful enemy for Cao Cao to unify the north. Yuan clan, from Yuan An, Yuan Shao's great grandfather, has the saying that "four generations and three places" and "students are all over the world", which is already very powerful. After Yuan Shao acquired Hebei, Hehe, Youyou and Qing, his strength increased greatly, with hundreds of thousands of troops. Yuan Shao, the eldest son Yuan Tan, the second son Yuan, and the nephew are divided into three states: Qing, Zhen and Zhou. The rear area is stable and the soldiers have plenty of food and grass. He paid no attention to Cao Cao at all. He selected 65,438+10,000 soldiers and 65,438+10,000 war horses in order to wipe out Cao Cao in one fell swoop.
In the fifth year of Jian 'an, Yuan Shao ordered general Yan Liang and others to attack the White Horse, and led the army into the chariot to attack Cao Cao. Cao Cao's strength is much weaker than Yuan Shao's. The area south of the big river occupied by Cao Cao is very small, and it is the land of four wars. Broken has not fully recovered, and the materials are not as rich as Yuan Shao. Cao Cao's troops are far less than Yuan Shao's, and the total strength is only tens of thousands. According to Wei Wu's note "The Art of War", "the number of soldiers is less than 10,000, and twelve people are injured". Pei Songzhi thinks this figure is not accurate, and Cao Cao's strength is not so small, but there is no doubt that Cao Cao's strength is far less than Yuan Shao's.
Yuan Shao's army came to attack, and many people shook. Cao Cao comforted the generals and said, "I know Shao is a man with great ambitions but no great wisdom. I am timid." I am afraid of introversion but not arrogant, but I don't know how to draw. I am arrogant, but I am confused. Although the land is vast and rich, it suits me very well. "
In February, General Yuan Shao Yan Liang and others besieged Baima, and the war started. In April, Cao Cao personally led the troops north to solve the siege of the White Horse. He adopted the plan of counselor Xun You, pushed the army to Yanjin, made a gesture of crossing the river to attack Yuan Jun, and attracted Yuan Jun to divide his troops westward, then suddenly turned around and rushed to the White Horse. Cao Cao's army suddenly killed, Yuan Jun was caught off guard, Yan Liang was beheaded by Guan Yu, Yuan Jun was defeated, and the siege of the White Horse was solved. Cao Cao rescued the white horse soldiers and civilians and retreated westward along the Yellow River. Yuan Shaozhi immediately ordered Wen Chou and Liu Bei to cross the river to catch up with Cao Cao. Seeing the pursuers approaching, Cao Cao ordered the sergeant to let go of the saddle and put the trench on the road. Yuan Jun's army is too big. They fought for the trenches, and the formation was chaotic. Cao Cao rushed out with his only cavalry, dispersed the army and beheaded Wen Chou. Yuan Jun was shocked. Cao Cao won the first battle, took the initiative to retreat and continued to guard Guandu.
In August, Yuan Shao's army entered the camp, with dozens of miles from east to west, using sand as a chariot and advancing on Guandu. Cao Cao was trapped and waited for an opportunity. Yuan Jun raided Cao Cao's camp. First, he made a high paddle, erected a mound, and shot arrows at Cao Cao's camp from above. Then he dug a tunnel and attacked Cao Cao's camp from underground, but Cao Cao dug a ravine by setting up a trebuchet and cracked it. The two armies attacked and defended for nearly two months. After a long battle, Cao Cao fell into an extremely difficult situation.
In October, Yuan Shao brought more than 10,000 wagons of hay from Hebei, and sent general Chunyu Qiong and others to take over 10,000 guards, stationed in Wuchao, four miles away from Yuan Shao's camp. At this time, Yuan Shao's adviser Xu You failed to attack Yuan Xu, and his Hebei family was arrested for breaking the law. Feeling remorse, he came to Cao Cao and put forward Cao Cao's plan to attack Wu. Cao Cao was overjoyed and rushed out on tiptoe. After that, he led 5000 elite riders, and the soldiers held medals. They put on Yuan Jun's uniform and attacked Wu Chao on the path at night. Cao Cao's army went to Wu Chao's lair and ordered a fire on all sides. Yuan Jun chaos, Chunyu Qiong refused to camp to do his duty. Hearing this, Yuan Shaozhi quickly sent troops to rescue him. When Cao Cao saw the left and right, he said, "The thief is riding near. Please divide your troops and refuse. " Cao Cao was furious and said, "The thief is behind his back, but he is unmoved!" The foot soldiers fought to the death, so they attacked Yuan Jun and beheaded Chunyu Qiong. Burn theirs
Objectively speaking, Cao Cao is at a disadvantage, but because he can correctly analyze the objective conditions and listen to the correct opinions of others, he can foster strengths and avoid weaknesses and adopt correct strategies and tactics to turn the war situation into his own advantage. Through his subjective efforts, he finally won the victory. In the battle of Guandu, Cao Cao defeated his greatest enemy, Yuan Shao, and it is the general trend to unify the north. The battle of Guandu is also a famous example in the history of China War, in which the few win the many and the weak win the strong.
Expedition five rings
In the seventh year of Jian 'an, Yuan Shao died of illness, and his two sons, Yuan Tan and Yuan Shang, were at odds. Yuan Tan was defeated by Yuan Shang and begged Cao Cao to surrender.
In February of the ninth year of Jian 'an, Cao Cao took advantage of Yuan Shang's invasion of Yuan Tan and invaded Yecheng. Yuan Shang led the army to rescue, with rich water as the camp. Cao Cao marched straight in and surrounded the camp. Yuan Shang was afraid and asked for surrender, but Cao Cao refused. Yuan Shang fled overnight, Yuan Jun to pieces. Yuan Shang fled to Zhongshan. Cao Cao ordered people to surrender the defenders of Yecheng with Yuan Shang's seal, and the morale of the city collapsed. Yecheng was subsequently breached by Cao Cao. From this year on, Cao Cao moved his stronghold to Yecheng, Jizhou, and then the army was ordered to leave, leaving only a few officials in Xu County, the capital of Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty.
In the first month of the tenth year of Jian 'an, Cao Cao conquered Yuan Tan and pacified Hebei and the Qing army. So Cao Cao asked Yanzhou to be returned to Jizhou. After Yuan Shang's defeat, he fled to Youzhou to secretariat Yuan. Soon, Yuan Shang and Yuan fled to Wuhuan, the third county. In the same year, Zhang Yan, the leader of the Black Mountain Army, led more than 100,000 people in the headquarters to surrender to Cao Cao.
In the eleventh year of Jian 'an, Cao Cao conquered Bingzhou.
In the twelfth year of Jian 'an, Cao Cao decided to go on an expedition to Wu Huan in order to eliminate the remnants of Yuan and completely solve the problem of three counties invading Wu Huan. At the end of Han Dynasty, the three counties of western Liaoning, Liaodong, Youbeiping and Wuhuan merged into three counties, with Taton in western Liaoning as the leader. Sanhuhuan County has always had a good relationship with Yuan, and has repeatedly invaded the border and plundered people's property.
In May of this year, Cao Cao led an army to Wuding. During the rainy season, roads are flooded, and "there are no chariots and horses in shallow water and no boats in deep water". Cao Cao has changed from the idea of "endless land" to a route that has long been cut off, but "there are still traces to be found." Under the leadership of Tian Chou, Cao Cao's army climbed Wu Xushan, left Lulongsai, and "walked more than 500 miles in the valley", pointing to Liucheng, the hometown of Wuhuan.
In August, 8 jin j less than two hundred miles from liucheng, wu huan found tower shield, Yuan Shang, yuan and others led tens of thousands of cavalry to meet them. When the two armies met, Cao Jun's trench was behind, "few people were armored", while Wuhuan's army was very strong. Cao Cao looked up and saw that the army of Wu Huan was numerous, but the positions were incomplete, so he ordered the general Zhang Liao to take the army of Wu Huan and launch a fierce attack on it. Wu Jun chaos, Cao Jun beheaded the tower shield, a total victory. Hu Han fell more than 200,000, and Yuan Shang and others fled to Pingzhou Gongsun Kang. At this time, Cao Cao was advised to attack Gongsun Kang. Cao Cao said, "We will send Kang Zhan to negotiate defense so as not to be blocked by soldiers." Then the army returned to the division. Soon, Gongsun Kang killed Yuan Shang and Yuan and presented their heads to Cao Cao. General unknown so and Cao Cao said, "He is always afraid of waiting. If I am anxious, I will work together. If I am slow, I will find it myself, and my potential will be great. " So Cao Cao captured Wuhuan, the third county, and completely wiped out the forces of Wang and Yuan.
From November to Yijing, 50 thousand is in Dai Jun
In the 13th year of Jian 'an, Xuanwu Pool was opened to train the water army. In June, Cao Cao abolished the three fairs, resumed the prime minister system, and became the prime minister of the Han Dynasty. After basically pacifying the north, the front turned to the south.
In July, Liu Biao marched into Jingzhou in the south of China. In August, Liu Biao died of illness, and his son Liu Cong took over as Jingzhou Pastoral. In September, Cao Cao entered a new field. Liu Cong thought it was unstoppable, so he called all the people in Jingzhou to surrender to Cao Cao.
At this time, Liu Beitun, who defected to Liu Biao after the battle of Guandu, was stationed in Fancheng. When he heard that Liu Cong had surrendered, he led his troops to retreat to Jiangling. Jiangling, an important town in Jingzhou, has a lot of military supplies. I heard that Cao Cao was afraid that Jiangling would fall into Liu Bei's hands, so he led five thousand cavalry to gallop three hundred miles from Xiangyang, chased Liu Bei in Dangyang Changban, defeated his army, and then marched straight into Jiangling.
After Cao Cao defeated Liu Bei, he took advantage of the situation to annex Jiangdong in one fell swoop. With the efforts of Lu Su and Zhuge Liang, Sun Quan and Liu Bei formed an alliance. Sun Quan ordered Zhou Yu, the commander-in-chief, to lead a 30,000-strong army to form a coalition with Liu Bei's 20,000-strong army against Cao Cao. From the east of Jiangling to Chibi, Cao Cao fought with Sun and Liu, temporarily stationed in Wulin and confronted each other across the river.
Zhou tricked himself into surrendering, ordered General Huang Gai to lead ten small warships, put firewood on them, coated them with ointment, nailed them to the bow with big nails, pretended to surrender, and headed for the north shore. In less than two miles, all the ships were lit together, and then with the help of the wind, they rushed to Cao Jun. Cao Jun was defeated and the ships were burned. Cao Cao led the army back to Jiangling from Huarong Road by land. Withdraw troops from the north.
Pingding Liangzhou
After Battle of Red Cliffs's failure, Cao Cao took some measures to stabilize the internal affairs. In the spring of the fifteenth year of Jian 'an, Cao Cao wrote in the Book of Emperor Wu: "There is an urgent need for talents now." Cao Cao put forward the employment policy of "governing by doing nothing and appointing people on merit", aiming at
In the sixteenth year of Jian 'an, Cao Cao began to attack Guanzhong. In March, Zhong You, a captain of Cao Cao, led the general Xia to invade Guanzhong in the name of Zhang Lu in Hanzhong. Guan Zhong, Han Sui, Yang Qiu and others were suspicious and once turned against each other. Cao Cao immediately sent general Coss to attack Guanzhong, and Ma Chao and others settled down in Tongguan.
In July, Cao Cao led an army to personally expedition to Guanzhong and defeated the Guanzhong Coalition forces. Ma Chao wanted to cede territory for peace, but Cao Cao refused. September, Ma, Han, etc. Once again asked for land division and sent a son to make peace. Cao Cao took Jia Xu's advice, faked it, and defeated Han and Ma Jun again. Han Sui and Ma Chao defeated Liangzhou, and Yang fled back to stability, and his array was cut into rebels, and Guanzhong was pacified from then on. In October, Cao Cao marched into stability and Yang Qiu surrendered. Cao Cao led a great army to retreat and ordered Xia to continue the Western Expedition. Within two years, we defeated Ma Chao, Han Sui, Song Jian, Qiang and Di, and the Liangzhou area was basically stable.
The monarch refers to the highest rank among ministers.
In the seventeenth year of Jian 'an, Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty allowed Cao to "worship the unknown and go to the temple with a sword", such as the story of Xiao He, the prime minister of the Han Dynasty.
In the eighteenth year of Jian 'an, Cao Cao started to claim 400,000 yuan and personally conquered Sun Quan. The following year, 8 jin j went to ruxu, breached Sun Quan's camp in Jiangbei, and captured Sun Quan's general Gongsun Yang alive. Sun Quan led 70,000 troops to Ruzhou to fight against Cao Jun. The two armies were at loggerheads for more than a month, and each gained something. Cao Cao saw that Sun Quan's army was in good order and could not win, so he withdrew and returned to the north.
inside
In March of the twentieth year of Jian 'an, Cao Cao saw that Liu Bei had left Yizhou and Hanzhong was the gateway to Yizhou. "Without Hanzhong, there would be no Yi Shu." Liu Bei is bound to seize Hanzhong. So Cao Cao took the lead and led hundreds of troops to Zhang Lu, Hanzhong. In May, he conquered Hechi and beheaded Dou Mao [34]; In July, Cao Cao's army entered Yangpingguan. I heard that Zhang Lu lost Yangpingguan and fled to Bazhong. Cao Cao marched into Nanzheng and seized the treasure of Zhang Lu. In November, Zhang Lu surrendered to Cao Cao and Hanzhong was owned by Cao Cao.
In the spring of the twenty-second year of Jian 'an, Cao Cao went south again, led an army to storm your empty mouth and defeated Sun Quan. Sun Quan sent a Sun Quan surnamed Xu to surrender. Cao Cao agreed and promised to marry again.
After Cao Cao withdrew from Hanzhong, Liu Bei attacked Hanzhong.
In the 23rd year of Jian 'an, Liu Bei led an army to Yangpingguan, and Xia and others confronted Liu Bei, repeatedly repelling Liu Beijun's fierce offensive. In July, Cao Cao led the army to Guanzhong and stationed in Chang 'an, so as to command the Hanzhong war situation at any time. At the same time, the smoke in the frontier resumed, and Cao Cao ordered Cao Zhang and Tian Yu to make a northern expedition, which led to the crushing defeat of the Wuhuan-Xianbei allied forces.
In the first month of the twenty-fourth year of Jian 'an, Liu Bei crossed Mianshui from Yangpingguan South and marched up the mountain. Once stationed in Dingjun Mountain. Xia School competed with Liu Bei for terrain and was killed by Huang Zhong. Jun defeated. After that, Cao Cao led the army to capture Hanzhong, but Liu Bei did not enter the city. Cao Jun and Liu Beijun were several months apart, so they gave up Hanzhong.
Xiangfan campaign
In July of the 24th year of Jian 'an, as soon as Cao Caogang withdrew from Hanzhong, Guan Yu, the general of Liu Bei, launched an attack from Jingzhou to his southeast defense line Xiang and Fan. Hearing this, Cao Cao immediately sent general Yu Jin to save Fan Cheng. In August, Guan Yu seized the opportunity of the flood, captured Pound and surrounded Fancheng. When Fancheng was only a few thousand Cao Jun, the city was flooded and the water was only a few feet away from the tower. Coss led the troops to defend. Cao Cao sent Huang Xu to save Fancheng. In October, Cao Cao rushed to Luoyang from Guanzhong and personally directed the rescue of Fancheng.
Sun Quan was unwilling to let Guan Yu's influence develop because he was in the upper reaches of Guan Yu. He wanted to seize Jingzhou, so he joined hands with Cao Cao to prepare to attack Jiangling, a major town in Jingzhou with General Monroe. After receiving the letter, Cao Cao informed Coss of the news, ordered him to stick to it, went to Mopi himself, contacted the headquarters, sent 12 battalion to reinforce Huang Xu, and ordered him to fight back against Guan Yu. After a fierce battle, Guan Yu was defeated and left. Soon, Lv Meng successfully captured Jiangling. Guan Yu retreated to Yizhou and was captured and killed by Sun Quanjun on the way. Sun Quan sent Guan Yu's head to Xuchang, and Cao Cao was buried as a vassal. The battle of Xiangfan is over.
The old age of a strong man
Cao Cao captured Guan Yu, and after Sun Quan captured Jingzhou, he was named a general in title of generals in ancient times and a shepherd in Jingzhou. Sun Quan sent messengers to pay tribute to Cao Cao, urging him to replace the self-proclaimed Great Wei Emperor in the Han Dynasty. Cao Cao sent a letter from Sun Quan to all ministers at home and abroad, saying, "It is my son who wants to sit in my fire!" " "Cao cao's ministers took the opportunity to persuade him. Cao Cao himself did not want to abolish Xian Di's independence. He said, "If my destiny were in my hands, I would be Zhou Wenwang. "
In the first month of the 25th year of Jian 'an, Cao Cao returned to Luoyang. That month, he died in Luoyang at the age of 66. His name is King Wu. Before he died, he left the biography of Cao Zang. According to Cao Cao's will, he was buried in Gaoling in the western suburb of Yecheng on February 21st.
In October of this year, Wang Wei and Cao Pi took the place of Han Dynasty, and became emperors on their own, with the title of Wei and Cao Cao as Emperor Wu and Emperor Mao.