Wine, in the long history of human culture, is not just an objective material existence, but a cultural symbol, a symbol of the Dionysian spirit.
In China, the Dionysian spirit is derived from Taoist philosophy. Zhuang Zhou advocated the unity of things and myself, the unity of heaven and man, and the unity of life and death. Zhuang Zhou sang the song of absolute freedom and advocated "traveling on the back of things", "traveling beyond the four seas", and "the land of nothing". Zhuangzi would rather be a free tortoise wagging its tail in a muddy pond than a strutting horse that is bound by others. Pursuing absolute freedom and forgetting life and death, profit, honor and disgrace are the essence of the Chinese Dionysian spirit.
Achieving artistic freedom through drunkenness is an important way for ancient Chinese artists to get rid of their constraints and gain artistic creativity. Liu Ling, a famous scholar in the Wei and Jin Dynasties and the first "drunkard" who was "broad-minded and narrow in his ambitions," said in "Ode to the Virtue of Wine": "There is a gentleman who regards the heaven and the earth as a dynasty, and ten thousand periods as a moment. The sun and the moon have "The sky is covered with the ground, and it is like a dream." "I am so drunk that I can't hear the sound of thunder, and I can't see the shape of Mount Tai." The emotions of lust and desire. Looking down at all things, they are as disturbing as the duckweeds in Jianghan." This "perfect human" state is a typical embodiment of the Chinese Dionysian spirit.
"Li Bai wrote a hundred poems and went to sleep in a restaurant in Chang'an City. The emperor couldn't get on the boat when he called him, so he claimed that he was an immortal in wine." (Du Fu's "Song of the Eight Immortals in Drinking") "Drunk and behaved" When you are a guest, the poem becomes full of spirit." (Du Fu's "Poetry after Drinking Alone") "Everyone has his own attitude when drinking wine" (Su Shi's "Drinking with Tao Yuanming") "The poem is completed before the cup is finished, and the poem emerges." Xiang Tiantian was also shocked." (Yang Wanli's "Dengwan Huachuan Valley in the Second Month of Chongjiu"). Zhang Yuannian, a political poet of the Southern Song Dynasty, said: "After the rain, the flowers fly to know the bottom, and you can win your freedom when you are drunk." There are many examples of drunken poetry that has been passed down from generation to generation in the history of Chinese poetry.
Not only in poetry, but also in paintings and artistic calligraphy unique to Chinese culture, the spirit of Dionysus is even more lively. Among the painters, Zheng Banqiao's calligraphy and paintings could not be obtained easily, so the seeker treated him with dog meat and fine wine. Those who asked for calligraphy and paintings when Zheng Banqiao was drunk could get their wish. Zheng Banqiao also knew the tricks of people seeking paintings, but he couldn't resist the temptation of wine and dog meat, so he had to write poems to laugh at himself: "Looking at the moon might as well be done by people, but I only regret that the wine is late for the moon. I laugh at him for asking for scholars because he is so unsophisticated. When Mr. Wu was drunk. "Wu Daozi, the painting sage who was known as "Wu Dai Dangfeng", would drink heavily before painting. When he was drunk, he would paint immediately. Huang Gongwang, one of the "Four Artists of the Yuan Dynasty", also "cannot paint without being drunk". The "Sage of Calligraphy" Wang Xizhi wrote "Lanting Preface" when he was drunk, which was "beautiful and vigorous, unparalleled in history", but when he sobered up, "he wrote dozens of books, but in the end he couldn't match it." Li Bai wrote about Huaisu, a drunken monk: "After my master got drunk, he leaned on the Hu bed and swept away thousands of them in a moment. The rain was falling, and the falling flowers and snow were so vast." Huaisu was drunk and splashed ink, leaving behind his poem that shocked the gods and ghosts. Self-reported post. Zhang Xu, the grass sage, "every time he was drunk, yelling and running around, he started writing", so he had his "Four Notes on Ancient Poems" in which "the paper fell like clouds of smoke".
Liquor is an alcoholic beverage passed down from generation to generation in our country. Through follow-up research and summary work, the traditional technology has been improved, from workshop-style operation to industrial production, from shoulder-to-shoulder carrying to semi-mechanical operation, and from dictation to From heart to heart, master it flexibly and teach it with written materials. All these have enabled the liquor industry to continuously develop and innovate, improve production technology and product quality. A number of manufacturers have become large-scale backbone enterprises in my country's wine making and have made important contributions to the country. We should inherit and develop this precious national specialty, carry forward the excellent wine culture of the Chinese nation, and make the liquor industry flourish.
In ancient times, there were about four types of alcohol prohibition. The first was prohibition for the sake of strengthening the country. Yi Di made wine, and Yu drank it and tasted it, saying: In the future, there will be people who drink and destroy their country. The Duke of Zhou warned him: "If you drink in a group, don't let them go. If you arrest them and return them to the Zhou Dynasty, they will be killed and you will drink wine." No alcohol. Second, it was banned to save grain. Making wine requires a large amount of grain. During the Eastern Jin Dynasty, a county banned alcohol for one year, saving millions of dendrobium. (Book of Jin, Volume 91) When Liu Bei was an official in Yizhou, he banned alcohol due to drought.
("Three Kingdoms" Volume 38 "Jian Yong Biography") Saving grain and prohibiting alcohol in the past dynasties were generally implemented in years of famine. This is common in historical records, but they are all short-term. Because alcoholism has been a habit since ancient times, it is difficult to practice it if it is banned for a long time. The third is prohibited for monopoly. "Han Shu·Biography of Emperor Wu" Wei Xian notes: "It is forbidden for the people to brew wine, and it is only the officials who control the wine, just like throwing trees on the road to gain the benefits." It seems that this is not a true prohibition on wine, but the government alone brews and sells it to obtain its profits. Profits and exclusive patents can be described as fake bans. The previous prohibitions were for the people; however, Emperor Wu's prohibitions were for profit. The two paths are very clear. Later, the Quanfen implemented by the imperial court during the Jin Dynasty was the same as the wine monopoly system of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. It can be seen that drinking is becoming more and more popular, customs are becoming more and more popular, national systems are adaptable to changes, and official interests are given priority. This is true in ancient and modern times, so why is it only the custom of drinking? But the people like to drink, and the prohibition is endless, as historical records clearly show. Fourth, it is banned due to drunkenness and causing trouble. In the fourth year of Tai'an reign of Emperor Wencheng of the Northern Wei Dynasty, farmers drank too much and caused trouble after a good harvest. Emperor Wencheng ordered a ban on alcohol for this reason. The edict clearly stated: "Both brewing and selling of alcohol will be punished." ("Book of Wei" Volume 111 "Penalty Chronicles" ) In fact, it is difficult for the people to ban officials, but it is difficult to ban it openly and covertly. (Excerpted from "A Preliminary Study on the Interpretation of Ancient Books" by Huang Xianfan)