Qin Guan
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Qin Guan (1049- 1 100), Han nationality, was born in Gaoyou (now Gaoyou City, Jiangsu Province) in the Northern Song Dynasty. He was called "Four Bachelor of Sumen", alias Hangou Jushi and Huaihai Jushi, and was known as Mr. Huaihai in the world. Is graceful and restrained, official to Dr. imperial academy, compiled by the National History Museum. Representative works: Queqiao Fairy, Huaihai Collection, and Huaihai Jushi Long and Short Sentences; He was demoted to the state wine tax supervisor, took charge of Chenzhou, moved to Leizhou and died in Tengzhou. And Huang Tingjian, Chao, also known as "Su Men Four Bachelor", quite appreciated by Su Shi. Qin Guan is generous, free and easy, beyond words. At the age of 20, I wrote Fu on Fushan Weir. At the age of 24, he wrote "Riding alone to see Ruff", which was highly respected by the world. His prose is good at argument, and The History of Song Dynasty was rated as "literary and thoughtful". His poems are good at lyricism. Taosun Ao's Poetry Review said: "Qin Shaoyou is like a woman swimming in spring, but she is weak in the end." He was a famous graceful poet in the late Northern Song Dynasty. His poems mostly describe the feelings of men and women and express the sadness of career frustration. His words are skillful and meticulous, and his melody is harmonious and beautiful.
Character works
Representative works include Que Qiao Xian (Bo Yun is clever), Wang Hai Chao (Mei Ying Shu) and Man Ting Fang (Mountain Brush). In "The Fairy of the Que Bridge", "If love lasts for a long time, it will be there sooner or later!" A famous sentence known as "turning stinky rot into magic" (see Selected Poems of Starting a prairie fire). In Man Ting Fang, "There is a setting sun outside, there are Western jackdaw numbers in the west, and the water flows around the lonely village" is called "naturally eloquent" (Chao Bu's words are quoted from "Notes on Gaizhai"). Zhang Yan's etymology said: "Qin Shaoyou's ci is elegant, energetic, beautiful, full of meaning, chewing without me, and knowing the taste for a long time." For details about his life, see History of the Song Dynasty, Volume 444. He is the author of 40 volumes of Huaihai Ji, Huaihai Ci (also known as Huaihai Jushi's Long and Short Sentences), Persuading Good Records and Anti-Travel Ji. He also edited "Yangzhou Poetry" and "Gaoyou Poetry". His Silkworm Book is the earliest extant monograph on sericulture in China. He is also good at calligraphy. Learn from Zhong and Wang in lower case, and be charming, vigorous and lovely. The cursive script has the flavor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. He really learned from Yan Zhenqing.
Huang tingjian
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Huang Tingjian (1045- 1 105), whose real name was Fuweng, also known as Huang, was born in Fenning, Hongzhou (now Xiushui, Jiangxi). Poets, poets and calligraphers in the Northern Song Dynasty were the founders of Jiangxi Poetry School. Yingzong Zhiping for four years (1067), Jinshi. Professor Ye Xianwei from Beijing, Professor Lang Xianping from imperial academy, School Book Lang, Cao Zuolang, Secretary Cheng, Fuzhou Biejia, Guizhou Resettlement House, etc. Zhe is known as "proofreader" and "collator". Hou Zhuo lives in the house. At the beginning of Shao Sheng's reign, the New Party called it "pseudo" in the editorial history, demoting Fuzhou and resettling Guizhou and other places. Hui Zongchu, Yizhou was detained. Shao Shengchu, a scholar in Zhiping for four years, was relegated because of the mistakes in the Record of the Gods written by the school book lang. Later, when the new party came to power, it was repeatedly relegated and died in Yizhou.
Personality achievement
Huang Tingjian is good at writing, poetry and especially calligraphy. The poetic style is strange, thin and hard, and it is difficult to get rid of vulgar habits and create a generation of ethos. Known to Su Shi in his early years, Shi and Su Shi were also called "",and there was "Collected Works of Mr. Huang". Along with Qin Guan, there are also "Guqin Interesting Tales" and "Mr. Huang's Ci". Ci is romantic and heroic, close to Su Shi, and is the ancestor of Jiangxi Poetry School. Chao said, "It's really wonderful for Lu Zhi to write in small print, but it's not a common language, so he sings a good poem in one tune." (See "The Poet's Jade Chips") There are many other slang words that cannot be avoided.
There is "Valley Ci", also known as "Valley Qin Interesting Chapter". The main ink marks are Song Fengge Poetry, Hua Yanshu, Jingfubo Temple, Duxi, Li Bai's Nostalgia for Ancient Poems and Kuzhun Fu. For book reviews, see Jin Lun Book, On Books, He Qingfang and Shi Gu Tang Shu Hua Ji. Huang Tingjian is one of the four sons of Su Men. His poems are as famous as those of Su Shi, and he is called "Su Huang". His poetic style is peculiar, thin and blunt, and he strongly refuses to belittle vulgar habits. Advocate a generation of ethos and be the originator of Jiangxi poetry school. Exquisite calligraphy, and Su, Mi and Cai are also called "". Ci is as famous as Qin Guan, but its artistic achievements are not as good as Qin Guan. In his later years, he had a close relationship with Su Shi, with a thin style of ci, deep feelings, bold and elegant, and sometimes brilliant. There is "Valley Ci".
chen shidao
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Chen Shidao (1053 ~1101), a poet in the Northern Song Dynasty, was born in Xuzhou. /kloc-at the age of 0/6, he studied under Ceng Gong. Yuan You served as a professor in Xuzhou in his early years, and later as a doctor in Jingshi University. He admired Su Shi and often sang with poems, becoming one of the "six gentlemen of Su Men". He was impeached and replaced as a professor in Yingzhou, and was soon dismissed from office and returned to China. As an honest and frank person, I don't curry favor with powerful people, and I will be poor all my life. Love bitter songs, famous for their poems. Beginner Huang Tingjian, later Du Fu. He writes poetry seriously, is refined and elegant, and is unique. Fang Hui regarded Huang Tingjian, Chen as the "three schools" of Jiangxi poetry school in Ying Sui. Collection of the Back Mountain 14, Poems of the Back Mountain 1, Talks on the Back Mountain 6, and long and short sentences 2.
Personality achievement
Chen Shidao's literary achievements mainly lie in his poetry creation. He himself said, "At the beginning of poetry, there is no poetic method." Later, when he saw Huang Tingjian's poems, he couldn't put them down. He burned past poems together and learned from Huang. The two men pushed each other. Jiangxi Poetry School displays Huang Tingjian, Huang Tingjian and Huang Tingjian as "three schools". In fact, Chen Shidao only studied Huang Tingjian's poetic style for a period of time. Later, he found that Huang Tingjian was "too strange, not as strange as DUZH" (the poem of Houshan), so he devoted himself to learning from Du Fu. Huang Tingjian also admired his achievements in learning from Du Fu. He once said to Wang Yun, "Chen Shidao's composition knows the key of the ancients, and his poems have the syntax of Lao Du, so today's poets can't be poets" (Wang Yun's Collection of Mountains after the Topic).
Generally speaking, due to the influence of Huang Tingjian, Chen Shidao's poems should be "passive without words", but his knowledge is not as good as Huang Tingjian's, and he needs to "tear down the east and make up the west" (the second rhyme of "Fishing in the West Lake" by the CPSU), so he is inevitably exhausted. On the other hand, learning from Du Fu is only devoted to formal meter, so although it can be similar in form, it often lacks the deep spirit of Du Fu. He succeeded in learning from Du Fu's five-character and seven-character poems, such as "whatever happens at the end of the year, the guests in front of the lamp are not empty." In the troubled half life, there is nothing in the dream. Short worry is white, bad face is red with wine. I sing and dance, so do I "("Give me a little wine to get rid of the night "); "Breaking the wall and raining, my old house has no monks and no Yan writers. I want to go out and laugh, but I don't want to go back to my temple to chase the dust. The wind turned over three cobwebs, and the thunder hive occupied two official positions. I have repeatedly missed the spring appointment with my south neighbor and have not blossomed so far "("Spring Show Neighborhood "). The former can show his efforts in following the syntax of Du Fu's poems, while the latter is similar to the constitution of Du Fu's poems. His description of the Five Classics is very hard, and he asked himself to create words and meanings, but his frankness still did not break away from the habits of Jiangxi School. He also has some poems with simple feelings, such as "I am so happy that I can't speak, and my tears are all gone" ("Xiu Sanzi"); What's the use of "fame? Don't worry too much ("Send Uncle Dr. Guo to Sentence him"). After a poem "exhort uncle", Fang Hui evaluated it as "a person as lifelike as Lao Du, thin and with deep feelings" ("Lv Kui Sui"). His poems are a little bland and tasteful, such as "a book is easy and pleasant to read, and a guest can't come when he is free" (quatrains); There are also romantic and colorful ones, such as: "the spring breeze always closes the graceful lane, which makes the brothel misnamed." I don't hesitate to look at the shutter for fear that your eyes can't see clearly "("Singing "), but rarely. According to legend, he works very hard in poetry. He usually travels, and as soon as he has poetic ideas, he rushes back to his quilt and lies down, and poetry becomes a success. Sometimes I groan for days, but I hate to hear the sound, so Huang Tingjian called it "behind closed doors to find a Chen without me" ("Jingjiang Pavilion is a disease"). This serious creative attitude is worthy of recognition, but his poems are not deep enough and sometimes difficult.
Chen Shidao boasted a lot about his own ci, claiming that "he failed to get a good word, claiming that he would not lose the Qin Dynasty's seven yellow nine" (After Old Ci). However, few of his existing works are wonderful and cannot match his own evaluation. His prose is relatively successful, and Ji Yun rated it as "concise and rigorous, but not under Li Ao and Sun Qiao" (Catalogue of Sikuquanshu).
Chen Shidao's "Poems on the Back Hill" puts forward that "Ning Zhuo's poems are not clever, rather simple and unpretentious, rather coarse and not light, rather eccentric and not vulgar", which is still in line with Huang Tingjian's proposition. He also said: "People who are good at writing are surprised, and the trip to the river is just smooth." He hit the mountain and went to the valley, the wind stirred things up, and then everything changed. "The relationship between odd and right is insightful, but it's a pity that his creative practice is not consistent with his own theory. Because there are words in this book that are dissatisfied with Su Shi, Huang Tingjian and Qin Guan, the General Catalogue of Sikuquanshu is considered as "non-teacher language", but it seems too rigid. However, there are events after Chen Shidao's death in the book, which should be supplemented by future generations.
Character works
Chen Shidao's Classic of Mountains and Seas was originally edited by his protege Wei Yan. 6 volumes of condensed poems, 14 volumes. Shi Hua and Tan Cong are not their own books. In Song Dynasty, Ren Yuan annotated Houshan's poems, and analyzed the original poems into six volumes, namely 12. In the Qing Dynasty, Mao Guangsheng wrote the supplementary notes of volume 12, and added two volumes of Yi Shi Jian. There are also 24 volumes of Houshan Collection, 8 volumes of Poetry Collection, 9 volumes of Prose Collection, 4 volumes of Tan Cong, 65,438+0 volumes of Poetry Talk, and Li Ji and Long and Short Sentences, which are printed in four parts.
Li Zhi
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Li Zhi (1059— 1 109) was a writer in the Northern Song Dynasty. The word magic is called Zhai Deyu, also known as Mr. Qi Nan and Taihua Yimin. Huazhou (now hua county, Shaanxi Province) people. Lonely at the age of 6, you can study hard. Su Shi is little known for his writing style and is famous for his talent of "ten thousand enemies" Therefore, it became one of the "six gentlemen of Sumen".
Character experience
Middle-aged people should rise to the bottom, never be an official, and settle in Changshe (now Changge County, Henan Province) until their death. The article likes to talk about managing chaos in ancient and modern times and distinguish them. Zhao Shiwu and De Mao's Xuan Yi Lun Hong Ci Shu is an important literary criticism work. Notes for Teachers and Friends (1) recorded the remarks of Su Shi, Huang Tingjian and Qin Guan. It provides important information for studying the history of literature in Song Dynasty. Fu Yuanyuan (1098), Zhao Lingzhi (Linde) was an official in Xiangyang. All the paintings in this row are Zhai Deyu's. There is a saying in Zhao Xu that "words look better than words, and calligraphy looks better." The summary of the catalogue of Sikuquanshu is also called "understanding in the wonderful" At the age of 5 1 year. The poems in The Four Arts Master Record are the best among the seven ancient poems and the seven wonders. The content is mostly landscapes, travel experiences, and also works such as giving answers and paintings. The style is vigorous and beautiful
Character works
He wrote twenty volumes of Ji 'nan Collection, which has been lost. This edition consists of 8 volumes, compiled by Yongle Dadian. Talking about Teachers and Friends has the book Series Integration.
Zhang lei
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Zhang Lei was born from the Northern Song Dynasty to the first year of Yong (1054) and died in Zhenghe four years (1114) at the age of 6 1 year. He is a famous poet in Song Dynasty, and the latest writer among the "Four Scholars of Sumen" (Qin Guan, Huang Tingjian, Zhang Lei and Chao), who was deeply influenced by Tang Yin. People also call him Zhang Youshi because he used to be a housemaster. Because he lived in Chen (now Huaiyang, Henan) in his later years, Chen was called Wan Qiu in ancient times, so people also called him Mr. Wan Qiu; Because of its huge shape and brawniness, people also call it "Fat Fairy".
Style of works
Zhang Lei had a rough life and experienced many misfortunes, but he never forgot to write poems. His works have been carved and painted many times by later generations, such as Keshan Collection, Zhang You Shi Wenji Collection and Wanqiu Collection. Today, Li Yian, Sun Tonghai and Fu Xin's Zhang Lei Ji contains about 2,300 poems and nearly 300 essays, historical comments and discussions, which are really spectacular! His early poems are rich in system and clear in syllables. Dongpo called them "Wang Yang's dilution, the sound of singing and sighing". In his later years, he fell into its glory, became easy-going, and had a cold relationship with (Juyi) and (Ji), and once sang solo. His works are gorgeous and elegant. Beautiful, all-inclusive, married.
Because he lived in poverty in his early years, was displaced from place to place, was repeatedly demoted, and served as a local humble post for a long time, and he had a deep understanding of social reality, so he was also very concerned about the working people. For example, in the poem "Brother", he felt pity for those "serious ministers" who were "weak and half-hidden"; In the poem "And Ying Chao's Compassion for Peasants", I sympathize with those "strong men in Nanshan" who were punished by thieves at night, and so on. It is precisely because of his compassion for agriculture that he followed Su Shi in political views and opposed Wang Anshi's "political reform". In practice, he advocated enriching the country and strengthening the people, and reforming bad policies to reduce the burden on the people, which is essentially different from Sima Guang and others' pure conformism. At the same time, in the face of Liao and Xia's invasion of the Northern Song Dynasty, he also actively advocated opening the border to defend the enemy and establishing meritorious deeds. His Young People's Travels, Six Horses in Zhaoling and Listening to a Guest Talk about Yuan Yuan are full of patriotism, which makes people excited.
Zhang Lei also has his own views on poetry creation, the core of which is to value reason over emotion. "At the end of studying literature, you are eager to understand. If you know the text and don't care about it, you will never have it. My husband definitely waded across the river, across the river, across the Huaihe River and across the sea, gurgling day and night. He rushed to the mainstay, lost Lvliang and threw himself into the sea accepted by the Jianghu. It was a strange change of water, its relief was ripple, the drum was wave, it was wind-excited, and its anger was thunder, mosquitoes, dragons, fish and turtles. At the beginning of water, if it is! By the way, because of what happened to it. ..... The waters of the river, the river, the Huaihe River and the sea are also strange and not strange. " (History of the Song Dynasty). He also said: "For people, the article is written from the heart, comes out from the mouth, works without thinking, and is beautiful without carving, all of which are natural and affectionate" (Preface to How to Return to Yuefu), which was regarded as the most important by scholars at that time. In all fairness, it is reasonable to emphasize the expression of true feelings and the random drive of the pen in the creative process, and indeed grasp the law of literary and artistic creation, but blindly denying the necessity of conception, modification, pondering and tempering in the creative process will inevitably overkill. The author's own creation is also because of the obstacles of self-reliance, so it seems to be more than texture, less literary talent, and a little haggard. His creative achievements are not as good as Dongpo (Su Shi) before, but not as good as Shi Weng (Lu You) later.
Personality influence
After Emperor Gaozong of the Southern Song Dynasty ascended the throne, Su Shi was posthumously awarded a bachelor's degree, and Zhang Lei was awarded the editing of Ying Ji Hall. The inscription reads: "The four men were crowned with literary talent, and the scholars admired them. Let's continue." It not only summed up the influence of Zhang Mo and others, but also affirmed their literary achievements, which finally made Zhang Lei and others immortal.
Chao Bu Zhi
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Chao (1053—110) was a famous writer in the Northern Song Dynasty. No complaints, no return, Jeju Juye (now Juye County, Shandong Province) people. The Biography of Chaobu in the History of Song Dynasty says that Chaobu is "the great-grandson of Zong Yi and the grandson of Prince Shaofu". My father is my friend. He works in poetry. "From these short records, we can know that Chao grew up in a family of officials and scholars. He was influenced by his family's good culture since he was a child. In addition, he is smart and easy to remember, and he is a scholar. He recites thousands of words every day, so he has a long reputation.
Character works
Wen Qizhi, the History of Song Dynasty, recorded one volume of Zuo's Biography in the Spring and Autumn Period, twenty volumes of Chu Xuci, twenty volumes of Li Bian Sao, one hundred volumes of Ji Li Collection and seventy volumes of Chao Buzhi. These collections were banned during the Chongning period in Song Huizong, and there were only 70 collections of chicken ribs, including 23 volumes of poems and 47 volumes of essays, which were compiled and published by my brother Qian Chao in Jianyang in the seventh year of Shaoxing. There are Chao Yan's edition in the Ming Dynasty, the yellow edition of Song Qingyuan's five-year edition reprinted in the thirty-third year of Jiajing, and Gu Ningyuan's Poem Sparse Pavilion reprinted in the eighth year of Chongzhen in the Song Dynasty. In addition, there are 160 songs, including six volumes of Chao Qin's Interesting Chapter in the Jin edition of Chicken Bone Pavilion, one volume of Ji Ci in the old banknote edition, one volume of Chao Bu Yue Fu in the old banknote edition, one volume of Chao Series published by Chao Shi Sun in the tenth year of Qing Daoguang, and Lin published by Hanfenlou.