1. Taiwan's "Chinese Classical Poetry - Tang Poetry" stamps
China is the country of poetry, and Tang poetry is the essence of ancient Chinese poetry and occupies a very important position in the history of Chinese literature. It is a treasure of the Chinese nation. On June 25, 1982, the Taiwan Provincial Post Office demonstrated the powerful charm of Tang poetry in a small space. This set of stamps adopts the form of ink painting. One set of four stamps combines "Spring Dawn", "The Seeker Is Not Encountered", and "The Autumn Wind Leads" and "The Remaining Snow on Zhongnan Mountain" gave wonderful interpretations.
"Spring Dawn" is one of the representative works of the Tang Dynasty poet Meng Haoran. This poem expresses the poet's love and pity for spring. It is a poem that describes the beautiful spring scenery. The picture is very beautiful. The scene depicted is: sleep is particularly sweet on a gentle spring night, and it is dawn before you know it. The clear and melodious chirping of birds came from everywhere outside the window. When I woke up, I vaguely remembered hearing the sound of wind and rain last night, so I thought about how many flowers had fallen. The whole poem is: Sleeping in spring without realizing the dawn, I can hear birds singing everywhere; at night, with the sound of wind and rain, how many flowers have fallen?
Meng Haoran (689--about 740) was from Xiangyang. After traveling all over the south of the Yangtze River when he was young, he lived in seclusion in Lumen Mountain. After living in seclusion for a while, he wanted to make a difference and went to Chang'an to look for opportunities. His poems have been highly praised. The poet Li Bai once praised: I love Master Meng, and he is famous all over the world... He is famous in Chang'an, but he is not taken seriously by the court. He had no choice but to return to Lumen Mountain in frustration, spending his life wandering around the mountains and rivers with no ambition. He has in-depth observation experience of rural life and mountain scenery. His works are simple and natural, and his plain sentences contain profound meanings. He is a representative of the pastoral poetry school like Wang Wei.
The author of "Looking for a Hermit, Not Encountered" is Jia Dao. It describes the poet's search for a hermit, but he doesn't meet him, only the hermit's students. The whole poem is in the form of a question and answer, with only 20 words, but it is written with all the scenes in mind. It not only describes Panasonic's question and answer, but also vividly describes the poet's anxiety about not meeting him. The stamp designer did not use two characters to express this poem concretely, but used mountains, pines, and white clouds to express the poet's longing for a noble and transcendent worldly life. The whole poem is as follows: Panasonic asked the boy, saying that the teacher went to collect medicine; only in this mountain, the clouds were deep and he didn't know where to go.
Jia Dao (799--843), whose courtesy name was Langxian and whose first name was Langxian, was from Fanyang (now Zhuo County, Hebei Province). His poems were carefully crafted with words and sentences. He was a famous poet in the mid-Tang Dynasty, as famous as Meng Jiao. He was known as Jiao Handao Shou in the world and had a great influence on later generations.
"Autumn Wind" was written by Liu Yuxi. It describes the cool breeze in autumn, the wild geese flying south, and the wind blowing down the leaves in front of the courtyard. These details in life highlight nostalgia. The writing is full of life and unconventional, and has aroused the excitement of countless readers for thousands of years. The whole poem is as follows: Wherever the autumn wind comes, it sends the wild geese flying; when the morning comes and enters the garden tree, the solitary guest is the first to hear it.
Liu Yuxi (772--842), also known as Mengde, was a writer and philosopher in the Tang Dynasty. He was born in Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province. He claimed to be a descendant of Liu Sheng, King Jing of Zhongshan in the Han Dynasty. He was a famous poet in the middle and late Tang Dynasty and was known as the "Poetry Hero". Most of his poems are concise and lively, with a handsome style and a kind of philosopher's wisdom and poet's sincerity permeating them. "Autumn Wind" highlights the feeling of being a solitary guest by describing details of life such as the autumn wind rising, wild geese flying south, and the wind blowing down the leaves in front of the courtyard. But the poet did not spend too much time on the guest's heart, but instead galloped poetically on the autumn wind. There are more than 800 of his poems in existence, with broad themes. The style draws on the thoughtful, simple and beautiful characteristics of Bashu folk songs, which are fresh and natural, and full of the interest of life. Inspired by folk songs, he also wrote good poems such as "Bamboo Branch Ci" and "Willow Branch Ci", creating a new style.
According to Volume 20 of "Chronicles of Tang Poems", "Looking at the Remaining Snow in Nanshan Mountain" was written by Zu Yong when he was taking an examination in Chang'an. According to the regulations, he should write a five-character poem with six rhymes and twelve sentences, but he only wrote these four sentences and handed it in. The poem describes looking at Zhongnan Mountain from the city of Chang'an. The Yin Ridge (north of the mountain) of Zhongnan Mountain is high above the clouds, and the snow has not yet melted. The snow high above the clouds is shining coldly in the sunlight. The whole poem is as follows: The Yin ridge in Zhongnan is beautiful, and the snow is floating in the clouds; the forest shows the color of Ji, and the city becomes colder at dusk.
Zu Yong (699--746) was a native of Luoyang, Henan. He later moved to the north of Rushui and became a Jinshi in the twelfth year of Kaiyuan. Because of Zhang Shuo's recommendation, he served as a member of the driving department for a short period of time, and then lived in seclusion for the rest of his life. His poems promote a secluded life and beautiful landscapes.
He pays attention to antithesis and also has the color of painting in poetry. He is one of the landscape and pastoral poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.
The four poems selected for the "Poetry of the Tang" stamp are all masterpieces of Tang poetry, but two of them are not very well-known. What puzzles philatelists in particular are Li Bai, Du Fu, Wang Wei, Why are the works of great poets such as Bai Juyi and Du Mu rejected? It is worth mentioning that at that time, Lin Tianshi once painted a poetic painting of Li Bai's "Quiet Night Thoughts", but unfortunately it was not selected for the stamps. Personally, I feel that the content of "Quiet Night Thoughts" in Taiwan may cause Taiwanese living in Taiwan to miss their ancestral roots in mainland China.
Taiwan's "Tang Shi" has a circulation of 2 million copies. It was very popular among stamp collectors after its release. Nowadays, stamps are extremely rare.
2. Taiwan's "Chinese Classical Poetry - Song Ci" stamps
In the history of Chinese literature, Song Ci is a dazzling monument. Ci, in terms of its content and writing form, is a type of poetry; the poet is also a poet. But in terms of structure, words are more complicated than poetry. It turns out that it was originally composed of music words and lyrics, which were sung to accompany the music. The lyrics were written according to the score, and later developed into an independent style. Ci is a type of ancient Chinese poetry. It began in the Liang Dynasty of the Six Dynasties, formed in the Tang Dynasty, and flourished in the Song Dynasty. Song Ci is a dazzling monument in the history of Chinese classical literature. Ci was originally a poem written to match the music of a banquet, and Ci is the name of the tune. It was not until the Northern Song Dynasty that poetry gradually separated from music and became an independent literary genre. When poetry reached its peak, everyone from emperors and ministers to singers and singers competed to write lyrics.
Poetry expresses ambitions, and the lyrics belong to the Yan family. Most of the poems that have been handed down to the world are about the scenery and sadness, or about romance, nostalgia, or the worries of wealthy people, but there are a few outstanding ones. Some writers broke through the inherent writing form of Ci and made innovations in content, such as Su Dongpo, Xin Qiji, Chen Liang and others, making the content of Ci more extensive. Yue Fei's "Man Jiang Hong" is even more outstanding in ancient and modern times. Reading it thousands of years later, it still makes countless readers feel strong excitement. On February 10, 1983, Taiwan's postal department issued a set of four stamps titled "Song Poems", including Yan Shu's "Huanxi Sand", He Zhu's "Sapphire Case", Fan Zhongyan's "Su Muzhe", and Chao Buzhi's "Xingxiangzi (Plum)". 》A wonderful interpretation using traditional Chinese painting.
"Huanxisha" is one of Yan Shu's famous poems. It expresses the sorrow of mourning the fallen flowers of spring and the sadness that good times will not last forever, and also implies the feeling of missing lovesickness. The language is subtle and the writing skills are extremely high, especially the poem "The Flowers Fell Helplessly" and "The Swallow Returns Like a Dja Vu" have been passed down through the ages. The full lyrics are: A new song, a glass of wine, the weather last year is the same pavilion, when will the sunset return? Helpless, the flowers fall away, the familiar swallows return, and the fragrant path in the small garden wanders alone.
Yan Shu (991-1055), named Tongshu, was born in Linchuan, Fuzhou (now Fuzhou, Jiangxi Province). Yan Shu was a famous graceful poet in the early Northern Song Dynasty. His poems mostly expressed poetry, wine, life and leisurely sentiments. The language is beautiful, the phonology is harmonious, and it has a graceful and luxurious style. The original collection has been lost, and only "Zhu Yu Ci" and "Yan Yuan Xian's Posthumous Documents" compiled by the Qing Dynasty remain. "Huanxisha" is one of Yan Shu's masterpieces. It expresses the sadness of mourning the fallen flowers in spring, and also implies the feeling of missing lovesickness. Among them, the sentence "There is no choice but the flowers fall away, and the familiar swallows return" has become a good saying that has been passed down through the ages.
"The Sapphire Case" describes the scenery of late spring, the melancholy scene of meeting a beautiful woman on the road but not knowing where she is going, and the endless sorrow caused by longing for her. The whole word expresses the feeling of lovesickness, but actually expresses the sorrow of being unable to achieve ambition, and it is a metaphor for one's talent but not being recognized. The full sentence is: Lingbo is no longer on Hengtang Road, but I see him off and Fangchen is gone. Who will spend the golden years? Yueqiao Garden, with its slender windows and red doors, is the only place where spring is known. The flying clouds are rising slowly into the twilight sky, and the colorful pen is filled with new heart-breaking sentences. If you ask about leisure time, how much do you have? Yichuan tobacco, the city is full of wind and rain, plums are yellow and rainy.
He Zhu (1052-1125), whose courtesy name was Fanghui and also named Qinghu Yilao, was from Weizhou (now Ji County, Henan Province). He never entered an official position from the imperial examination. He served as general magistrate of Sizhou and Taiping Prefecture. He was an upright man and good at both civil and military affairs. He Zhu's poems are relatively rich and diverse in content and style. They are both bold and graceful. He is good at refining language and integrating predecessors into sentences. The rhyme is particularly strict and full of rhythm. "The Green Jade Case·Hengtang Road" is He Zhu's representative poem. It describes the scenery of late spring and the feeling of confusion when meeting a beautiful woman on the road but not knowing where to go, which causes endless sorrow due to longing for her.
The whole poem is a virtual expression of lovesickness, but it actually expresses the poet's "idle sorrow" of unrecognized talents and lack of ambition.
"Su Muzhe" expresses homesickness and travel sorrow by describing the autumn scenery. The words of ecstasy written by a person with a heart of stone show the depth of his sincerity. Drinking wine into the heart of sorrow turns into tears of lovesickness. It is a famous saying throughout the ages. The full poem is: The sky is blue, the ground is yellow, and the autumn colors are green and cold. The mountains reflect the setting sun, the sky connects to the water, and the fragrant grass is outside the setting sun. The soul of the dark country is chasing my thoughts on the journey, unless I leave good dreams to sleep every night. I rested and leaned alone high in the Mingyue Tower. The wine filled my heart with sadness, turning into tears of lovesickness.
Fan Zhongyan (989-1052), courtesy name Xiwen, was a famous politician, thinker, military strategist and writer in the Northern Song Dynasty. He was a native of Wuxian County, Jiangsu Province. Not many of his poems have survived, only three of them are relatively complete, but they have a grand artistic conception and a majestic atmosphere, and are good at reflecting the scenery of the frontier and the hard work of the war. "Su Muzhe" expresses the poet's homesickness and travel sorrow by describing the autumn scenery and using the sad and ecstatic words of a hard-hearted man. Among them, "When wine enters the heart of sorrow, it turns into tears of lovesickness" is a famous saying through the ages.
"Xingxiangzi (Plum)" describes the beauty of plum blossoms in the cold snow. There is no word for plum in the whole poem, but plum blossoms are written in every sentence, which is fresh and refined. The full word is: Fragrant in the snow, sparse branches under the moon. More flowerless and beautiful. We meet once a year and come back a thousand times. When the flowers are not in bloom, I worry about them blooming and fear that they will fly away. The fragrant bottles are moved, and the secluded flowers are folded, like beautiful women, returning together hand in hand. It should be remembered in Yangzhou that when the east meets the east, it is the right time. I hate Liu Lang's mistakes, write poems, and complain about Taoxi.
Chao Buzhi (1053-1110), also known as Wujiu and nicknamed Gui Laizi, was a native of Juye, Jeju (now part of Shandong). Chao Buzhi was appreciated by Su Shi when he was young, and his style of writing was also deeply influenced by Su Shi. He was majestic and melancholy, and he was known as the "Four Scholars of the Su School" together with Huang Tingjian, Qin Guan, and Zhang Lei. Chao Buzhi's bumpy political career had a profound impact on his literary creation. His poems often expressed the emotions of being sad to say goodbye, missing the past, and feeling depressed and frustrated. "Xingxiangzi (Plum)" describes the beauty of plum blossoms in the snow. There is no word "plum" in the whole poem, but every sentence about plum is fresh and refined. There are more than 160 Ci poems written by Chao Bu in existence, and their styles are similar to those of Dongpo Ci. There are descriptions of scenery, chanting of flowers, gifts of peace, mourning and pastoral scenery, but less colorful words.
The four poems selected for Taiwan's "Song Ci" stamps are all among the best of the Song Dynasty, but they are not enough to represent the highest artistic level of the Song Dynasty. Lu You's "Bu Suanzi·Yong Mei" is even better than "Xing Xiangzi" (Plum)" is a winner, but I don't know why it wasn't included? It is a pity that the poems of Su Shi, Xin Qiji and Yue Fei, who represent the bold school, have been rejected.
Taiwan's "Song Song" stamps have a circulation of 1.5 million sets. Since this is the first time "Song Song" stamps have been issued, they have been very popular among Chinese people since their release.
3. Taiwan's "Chinese Classical Poetry - Yuan Qu" stamps
Qu is a type of poetry, and Yuan Qu is another form of Chinese classical poetry after Tang poetry and Song poetry. Gaofeng is a precious literary heritage in ancient my country. On February 15, 1984, Taiwan Post issued a set of 4 pieces of "Chinese Classical Poetry - Yuan Opera", which selected Guan Yunshi's "Xiaoliangzhou. Spring", Bai Pu's "Tianjingsha·Xia", and Zhang Kejiu's "Double Tune" "Qingjiang Yin" and Shang Zhengshu's "Yue Diao·Tian Jing Sha" are drawn with traditional Chinese paintings, and the full text of the music is placed in the middle of the picture, so that poems, pictures, calligraphy and seals complement each other and reflect each other in every square inch.
"Xiaoliangzhou·Spring" depicts a beautiful spring scene, with fresh sentences, which makes people feel like they are in the spring light. The whole song is: The spring breeze fills the garden with fragrant flowers and grass, and the horse is tied to the weeping poplar. Pink willows and green trees reflect the pond. It's a good time to travel and enjoy the scenery, and the mandarin ducks sleep in the warm sand. (庺) It is suitable for eyes to be rainy and it is to be cloudy for eyes. It is lighter and heavier makeup than Xishi. Beautiful girls play, beauties sing, it’s okay to get drunk in the Hushan Hall.
Guanyunshi (1286---1324), named Fucen and Suanzhai, was a Uyghur and the grandson of Ali Haiya, a hero of the Yuan Dynasty. His original name was Xiaoyunshi Haiya, also known as Luhua Taoist. The Sanqu written by him is exquisite in writing, sincere in emotion, and very moving. There are more than 70 Sanqu in Xiaoling and eight in the series. Guan Yunshi's Sanqu is famous for its pure and handsome style, and its content mostly expresses the leisurely life in the mountains and forests and the love between men and women. The style of his works is basically bold and unrestrained. This is related to the fact that he was born in a family of military attachés in the Western Regions. He also has some beautiful and dignified works, such as the four poems "Xiao Liangzhou·Four Seasons" and so on. The stamp "Xiaoliangzhou·Spring" quotes the first five sentences.
"The Sky is Pure and the Sand·Summer" describes the summer scenery with beautiful words, showing its extraordinary literary attainments. The full text is: The clouds gather and the rain passes and the waves add, the buildings are high, the water is cold, the melons are sweet, and the green trees hang in the shade. Painted eaves. The gauze kitchen is covered with rattan mats, and the beauty’s fan is light.
Bai Pu (after 1226-1306) was originally named Heng, with the courtesy name Renfu, and later changed his name to Pu, with the courtesy name Taisu, and the pseudonym Langu. He was a famous writer and dramatist in the Yuan Dynasty. He wrote 16 kinds of dramas, among which there are two opera fragments: "Tang Minghuang's Autumn Night with Wutong Rain", "Pei Shaojun's Horse on the Wall", "Dong Xiuying's Story of the Flower Moon on the East Wall" and "Flowing Red Leaves" and "Arrow Shooting Two Eagles". More than 100 of Bai Pu's poems have been circulated to this day. His Sanqu works were compiled in Sui Shusen's "Quan Yuan Sanqu", including 37 Xiaolings and 4 suites. Although Bai Pu's Sanqu does not reflect a wide range of themes about life, his artistic achievements are very high. Whether it is a simple and natural love work or a refreshing and beautiful reclusive work, it has left a deep impression on people. . His works about retreating from the world and the romance between men and women, from the subject matter to the language style, directly influenced the creations of Ma Zhiyuan, Guan Yunshi and other bold painters. "Tian Jing Sha·Summer" outlines a peaceful summer picture. The whole song does not have the heat and noise of summer, but a quiet and refreshing scene, which makes people feel refreshed.
"Shuang Tiao Qingjiang Yin" uses a series of scenery with seasonal characteristics such as west wind, crow of wild geese, red leaves, yellow flowers, bananas and autumn rain to render a deep autumn mood and express the wanderer's journey. In a different place, I miss my hometown. The whole song uses scenery to set off emotions and emotions to control the scenery. The blend of scenes is similar to the famous Tang poem "Night Mooring on the Maple Bridge". The whole song is: A letter from the west wind comes thousands of miles away from home, asking me if I will return home? Geese crow in the sky with red leaves, people are intoxicated in the field of yellow flowers, and banana rain sounds in autumn dreams.
Zhang Kejiu (approximately 1270-?) was born in Qingyuan (now Yin County, Zhejiang). He served as a lower-level official for many years, and was sometimes in hiding. His footprints were all over Jiangsu, Jian, Anhui, Fujian, Hunan, Jiangxi and other places. He sang in harmony with Ma Zhiyuan, Lu Zhi, Guan Yunshi and other songwriters, and respected Ma Zhiyuan as his ancestor. He devoted his whole life to writing Sanqu, especially Xiaoling. He was one of the most famous Sanqu writers in the late Yuan Dynasty. There are 855 Xiaoling pieces and 9 suites in existence today. Most of the works describe natural scenery, talk about Zen and say goodbye, and socialize with each other. The creations emphasize formal rhythm, precise words and sentences, and neat dialogues. The style is clear and elegant. In the early Ming Dynasty, Zhu Quan praised him as the master craftsman of Ci Lin.
"Yue Diao·Tian Jing Sha" describes the scenery of winter snowy days: the flying snowflakes are like catkins and pear blossoms, but the winter plum blossoms are proud of the wind and snow; the moonlight shines in through the curtains, making it even more beautiful. The strong plum blossom branches are exquisite, lovely and graceful, as poetic as picturesque; the author uses the plum blossoms in the wind and snow to express his unconventional feelings. The whole song is: Who knows the delicate beauty of winter plums? Frost birds have green feathers at the same time, and the moon is light on the cold pond. It has a subtle fragrance and is perfect for a branch in the snow.
Uncle Shang Zheng is also a political uncle. A native of Jiyin, Caozhou (now Caoxian County, Shandong Province). Born in the hairpin family, he was a Sanqu artist in the early Yuan Dynasty, but his works were not widely circulated. "Tianjingsha" describes the snowy scene in winter. The poet uses the plum blossoms in the wind and snow to express his unconventional feelings.
Taiwan's "Yuan Qu" stamps have a circulation of 1.2 million sets and have been popular among stamp collectors since their inception. They are famous best-sellers and are the most expensive set in the poetry series