Traditional Chinese characters, also known as traditional Chinese characters, are called regular Chinese characters in the first list of simplified Chinese characters in 1935, and are called traditional Chinese characters in Europe and America. They generally refer to Chinese characters replaced by simplified Chinese characters in the Chinese character simplification movement, and sometimes refer to the whole Chinese character regular script and official script writing system before the Chinese character simplification movement. Traditional Chinese has a history of more than three thousand years. Until 1956, it is the standard Chinese characters used by Chinese all over the world.
The large-scale Chinese character simplification movement in modern times originated from the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, and the simplified characters mainly came from the ancient script, common characters, variant characters, running script and cursive script. 1935, the Ministry of Education of the Republic of China promulgated the first simplified character list, but it was shelved because of the opposition of Dai, president of the examination institute. 1October 28th1956,65438+the State Council, People's Republic of China (PRC) issued the Resolution on Promulgating Simplified Chinese Characters Scheme, and Chinese mainland began to fully implement simplified Chinese characters. In the 1970s, a number of simplified characters appeared, which were later abolished.
At present, traditional Chinese characters are still used in Taiwan Province Province, China, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and Macao Special Administrative Region, countries with Chinese cultural circle and overseas Chinese communities such as Singapore and Malaysia. In the case of cultural relics, different surnames, calligraphy seal cutting, handwritten inscriptions and special needs, traditional Chinese characters are retained or used in Chinese mainland.
200 1 1 The implementation of the Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) on Common Language and Characters clearly stipulates the promotion and standardization of Chinese characters in China, and also clearly stipulates the scope of retaining or using traditional Chinese characters. On June 5th, 20 13, the State Council, China published the List of General Standardized Chinese Characters, including the schedules of standardized Chinese characters, traditional Chinese characters and variant Chinese characters. The use of Chinese characters in general application fields is subject to the Standard Chinese Character List.
Traditional Chinese characters, that is, the writing system of Chinese characters produced after the evolution of Xiao Zhuan into official script (followed by regular script, running script, cursive script, etc.). ), which has a history of more than 2000 years, has been a common Chinese writing standard for Chinese people all over the world until the 20th century. Since the 1950' s, the people of China and the government of China have simplified the traditional Chinese characters and formed a new Chinese writing standard, namely simplified Chinese. Simplified Chinese is mainly composed of inherited characters and simplified characters introduced by China people and China government after 1950. At present, simplified Chinese is mainly used in Chinese mainland and Southeast Asia (such as Malaysia and Singapore), while traditional Chinese is mainly used in Taiwan Province Province, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and Macao Special Administrative Region of China.
" ? The word "traditional Chinese characters" is only used when a word has simplified Chinese characters. If a Chinese character has no corresponding simplified character, it belongs to the category of inherited characters. However, in some cases, the fonts popular in Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan are generally called "traditional Chinese characters" or "traditional Chinese characters"; Chinese characters (including simplified characters and non-simplified inherited characters) are generally called "simplified characters" or "simplified characters", but in fact, the difference between this system and the Chinese characters used in Taiwan Province Province, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and Macao Special Administrative Region is not only the difference between simplified characters and traditional characters themselves, but also the difference between different variants and glyphs, so the strokes of "simplified characters" are not necessarily less; Some strokes are more than the former, such as "Qiang". Influenced by writing habits, some Chinese characters in Taiwan Province Province have been merged, but the replaced characters can still be used as variant characters, only a certain term of the word has been replaced.
Official script is the simplification of official script, cursive script and running script are the simplification of official script, and simplified characters are the simplification of regular script. However, in the long-term historical development process, it is not the general trend for Chinese characters to simplify from complexity. Official script is not the simplification of Oracle Bone Inscriptions, and regular script is not the simplification of official script. In order to record the language more clearly, people share the recording function of words with more glyphs, resulting in a large number of differentiated words. Simplified characters in regular script appeared in the Southern and Northern Dynasties (4th-6th century), and gradually increased after the Tang and Song Dynasties. Generally speaking, they are commonly used words with more strokes, and most of these words are simplified by cursive and running scripts. In addition, there is a simplified word, which replaces complex parts with two or three simple symbols. Such as tree, drama, difficulty, music, opposition, view, Liu, Qi, Qiao, Feng, District, Ying, Xing, Convergence, Interpretation, Luo and Lao. These are popular folk characters. The simplified characters used now are further improved on the basis of the commonly used characters, ancient Chinese characters and cursive scripts in the previous generation. Many characters are merged into another word when simplified, which are divided into three categories:
One is to replace complex words with existing simple words, such as "Hou" (Empress, Emperor and Heaven) instead of "Hou" (Back), and "Li" (such as hometown, kilometers and milestones) instead of "Li" (such as Inner).
The second is to replace two or more words with a new simplified word, such as "calendar" and "calendar" (history) merged into "calendar".
Third, partial merger, that is, loading part of the meaning of one word onto another word with simple strokes, still retaining other meanings of the word, such as: excuses, relying on "borrowing" to simplify it into "borrowing", and comforting and messy borrowings are still used; In order to read Li O (understanding), it is simply called "music", and reading Li O (looking out) is simply called "music". Gan Kun and Gan Long's "Gan" is pronounced as "qián", not simplified as "Gan"; The "sign" of the feather sign of the suprauterine horn is not simplified as "sign" when reading zhǐ (stop).