Yi An, a famous poetess, was born in Zhangqiu, qi zhou (now Mingshui Town, Zhangqiu, Shandong).
I. Family and disciples
Father: Li, Zi Shuwen, was a famous scholar at that time. Li officials Yuan Wailang and JD.COM Road were sentenced to jail. From the Han Qi School, he was once known to Su Shi for his articles, ranking first among the "Four Bachelor's degree after Su Men". Profound knowledge, especially the study of Confucian classics, is quite famous in Qilu area. Later, he was dismissed because he was included in the party membership. He wrote a lot in his life, and now only one volume is Luoyang Famous Garden. The year of birth and death was not tested. The Biography of Song Shili Gefei only contains: "Death, 6 1 year old." There is a son and a daughter.
Mother: Wang is said to be the granddaughter of the top scholar Wang and Hanwang. Some scholars speculate that the latter died shortly after giving birth to Li Qingzhao, while the former was Li's remarried wife, Li Wei's biological mother and Li Qingzhao's stepmother.
Brother: Li Wei (Hangzhou), who is the suggestion of Chiju.
Husband: Zhao Mingcheng, born in Yuanfeng, Song Shenzong for four years (108 1), died in Song Gaozong on August 18th for three years (1 129), at the age of 49. Tingzhi Zhao's youngest son, a virtuous father (husband, talent), is impatient and a textual research scholar of epigraphy. Official to Jiangning (now Nanjing) magistrate, Jiangnan East Road official.
Gong: posthumous title, a native of Qing Dynasty, was a right servant of Shangshu and assistant minister of Zhongshu (right prime minister). Born in Zhucheng, Mizhou (now Zhucheng, Shandong), he moved to Qingzhou. He has three sons and a daughter.
Grandma: Guo, a native of Dongping (now Dongping, Shandong), the daughter of Guo Jue, the magistrate, was imprisoned in Kuizhou, the prefect.
Uncle: Wang Jue, Li Qingzhao was Qi Huangong when she was young, and she died soon.
Cousin: Wang, his wife, was a traitor in the Song Dynasty, but Li Qingzhao was always ashamed of husband and wife and had no contact.
Female disciple: Han (Jade Father), who studied poetry with Li Qingzhao when she was young, had a rough life experience. She once fully supported her husband Lin Zijian to go to Beijing to catch the exam, but gave up after the exam. Han Sifang went to Wan Li to find her husband, leaving a sentimental poem "Preface" handed down from ancient times.
According to Lu Youwen, in her later years, she wanted to teach what she had learned to women in Sun Shi, but Sun Shi refused to learn what a woman should learn.
Second, life.
Life experience can be divided into two periods: before and after the Song Dynasty moved south.
In the first year of Zhong Jian Guo Jing (11)18 years old, he married Zhao Mingcheng. Ming Cheng 2 1 year-old, a student in imperial academy.
Soon after the marriage in the first year of Chongning (1 102), Cai Jing, a new party, came to power, and Tingzhi Zhao was promoted to Youcheng, a senior minister. They vigorously attacked the old Party headed by Su Shi, and Li Yin was dismissed as party member.
In the first year of Daguan (1 107), Tingzhi Zhao died, and Cai Jing framed the Zhao family for being jealous of Tingzhi Zhao. Zhao's brother lost his post, and Li Qingzhao and Zhao Mingcheng returned to Qingzhou Zhao's former residence. Because he admired Tao Yuanming, he chose the title of his article Gui Xi Ci as Gui Tang, and named himself Yi An Jushi.
In the third year of Xuanhe (1 12 1), Zhao Mingcheng was reinstated. He has been stationed in Laizhou (now Ye County, Shandong Province) and Zizhou (now Zibo City, Shandong Province) and won the Secret Pavilion.
He lived a rich life in his early years. Together with Ming Cheng, he devoted himself to the collection and arrangement of epigraphy of calligraphy and painting, and began to write the Book of the Stone.
In the first year of Jingkang (1 126), the Jin people besieged Bianjing. In March of the following year, Zhao Mingcheng's mother died in Nanjing, and Mingcheng went south to attend the funeral. Subsequently, the Northern Song Dynasty perished. After Emperor Gaozong ascended the throne, Ming Cheng met jiangning house (now Nanjing). In December, there was a mutiny in Qingzhou, and books and things in more than ten houses in Guitang were burned. Li Qingzhao fled with a small amount of cultural relics in fifteen cars with the crowd and began her miserable life in the south.
Two years after the proposal (1 128), Li Qingzhao and his wife were reunited in Nanjing. The following year, Zhao Mingcheng moved to Huzhou (now Zhejiang). He lived in Chiyang (now Guichi, Anhui) and went to Jiankang alone (later renamed jiangning house, now Nanjing). Unfortunately, he was ill. When Qingzhao arrived in Jiankang by boat, Mingcheng was critically ill and died on August 18th at the age of 49.
At this time, the nomads from the south invaded on a large scale, and the court had begun to evacuate and flee. Suggestions for three years (1 129), Li Qingzhao sent most of the books and gold carvings to Hongzhou (now Nanchang, Jiangxi), where he was going to go to Zhao Mingcheng's sister-in-law to avoid chaos. Unexpectedly, Hongzhou was completely lost, leaving only a surplus box with him. In March of the first year of Shaoxing (1 13 1), Li Qingzhao went to Yue (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang) and lived in Zhong Jia. Five boxes were stolen by her neighbor Zhong Fuhao. At this point, most of all books and cultural relics were lost.
When Zhao Mingcheng was seriously ill, his friend Zhang Feiqing came to visit with a jade pot, and Zhang later invested in gold. It is rumored that the couple gave gold with jade pots. I heard that someone reported it to the court. Such a political frame-up frightened Li Qingzhao, and she decided to present all the bronzes and other items in her home to the court in order to get rid of it. So, she fled along the route of Emperor Gaozong, from Yuezhou to Mingzhou, passing through Fenghua and Taizhou, and then returning to Yuezhou via Wenzhou. Finally, he stayed in Shaoxing for two years (1 132), moved from Yuezhou to Hangzhou, escaped from Jinhua on 1 134, and returned to Lin 'an the following year. She is lonely, wandering around and in an extremely miserable situation.
In the 13th year of Shaoxing (1 143), Li Qingzhao sorted out Zhao Mingcheng's posthumous work "The Record of the Stone" and presented it to North Korea. In the first year of Kathy (1205), he carved books.
More than ten years later, in the twenty-sixth year of Shaoxing (1 156) or later, Li Qingzhao passed away quietly at the age of at least 73, with persistent thoughts of her deceased relatives and infinite disappointment at her hometown.
Third, the works
Li Qingzhao works hard in poetry, can write and is better at ci. From the perspective of style, it is mainly poetry to express ambition and words to express feelings. As far as artistic achievements are concerned, her ci surpasses poetry and prose. Generally speaking, due to the changes of living in the Northern Song Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty, her works showed different characteristics in the early and late stages.
"I have had a poetic name since I was a teenager, so I can support myself and get close to my predecessors", which was highly praised by the famous literary artist Chao at that time. Fu Yuan spent about three years (1 100) writing a long poem Ode to Zhongxing in Zhang Wenqian, Wuxi, which was well received by people at that time.
When he was a teenager, he wrote Dream (Xiting Taste the Sunset), which caused a sensation in Beijing. "At that time, the scribes had to clap their hands."
Ci has the greatest achievement and is known as "Yi 'an Style", which has been studied and imitated by people since the Southern Song Dynasty. Graceful style, but occasionally "The Fisherman's Pride" (the sky meets clouds) is such a bold work. In the early stage, I wrote more about my leisure life, and in the later stage, I lamented my life experience and felt sentimental. Some of them also show nostalgia for the Central Plains. In form, it makes good use of line drawing, forms its own school and has beautiful language. On the theory of ci, he emphasized harmony, advocated elegance and affection, put forward the theory that ci is different from one family, and opposed the method of writing poetry.
Although there are not many poems and articles left, talking about history and the world has a wide range of topics. During the Southern Song Dynasty, Li Qingzhao's works changed obviously, showing a high degree of patriotism and paying close attention to the fate of the country.
Some poems have a sense of the times, praise history and use generous words. Different from their writing style, summer quatrains are widely read.
There are also profound works of homesickness such as "I am successful" and "Spring Remnant". In his later years, he wrote five poems for the Empress Dowager, all of which were flattering and vulgar.
There are several articles in his works. In his early years, he wrote an article on Ci, which put forward the view that Ci is "different" and was an important theory of Ci in Song Dynasty. The article "Preface to the Records of the Stone" deeply recalls life, and is even more valuable information for studying Li Qingzhao. In his later years, there were Preface to flattery and Fu to flattery. Although it is a game text, it is related to current events. By talking about games, he quoted a large number of allusions about war horses and magnificent actions to eliminate evil and kill the enemy in history, warmly praised the wisdom and courage of loyal generals such as Huan Wen and Xie An, alluded to the incompetence of rulers in the Southern Song Dynasty, and expressed his personal feelings of "dying as a martyr".
Zhao Mingcheng wrote Li Qingzhao's "Jin Shi Lu".
There are Collected Works of Yi 'an Jushi and Yi 'an Ci, which have been lost. There are not many existing works, and later generations have a series of Yu Shu Ci. Modern people have Li Qingzhao's Annotation Collection and so on.
There are 6 articles, 2 residual sentences, 8 poems 15 sentences, 88 words, 3 residual sentences 13 sentences, and missing words 1 sentence, among which 14 sentences are doubtful and/kloc-0 sentences are residual.
Li Qingzhao is a calligrapher who can write and draw, and is also proficient in temperament.