Author: Li Bai
Japanese friend Chao Heng Heren said goodbye to Chang 'an and returned to Penglai Islands in the east.
Like a bright moon, the sea does not return, and the mood of missing you is like a faint cloud hanging over Yuntai Mountain.
Penghu Penglai
The bright moon refers to Chao Heng with high quality and purity.
Appreciate:
Chao Heng, also known as Chao Heng, is a Japanese, formerly known as Abe Zhongma Road. In the fifth year of Tang Kaiyuan (7 17), he sent a delegation of Tang envoys to China for the ninth time to study. After finishing his studies, he stayed in the Tang court as an official and worked as a servant in Zuobuque, Zuosanqi and Zhennan. He had a deep friendship with famous poets such as Li Bai and Wang Wei at that time, and they sang together. In the 12th year of Tianbao, Chao Heng returned to Japan as an envoy of the Tang Dynasty with the 11th Japanese delegation to the Tang Dynasty. On the way, he met a strong wind and was said to have drowned. This poem of Li Bai was written at this time.
The title of the poem is "Crying", which shows the poet's grief of losing his friends and their sincere feelings beyond their nationality, and makes the poem shrouded in a layer of sadness.
"Japanese and Korean officials wrote about the imperial capital" refers to Chang 'an and Kyoto in the Tang Dynasty. At the beginning of poetry, people and things are directly pointed out by the method of fu. The poet recalled the grand occasion of sending Chao Heng back to China not long ago: Tang Xuanzong personally wrote poems to his friends to express his good wishes and ardent hopes. Chao Heng also wrote poems to express his farewell.
"Sail around the pot", following the previous sentence. The author's thoughts from near to far, with imagination, infer various scenes of Chao Heng sailing at sea. Set sail is written to life. The ship is sailing on the boundless sea, bumping up and down with the wind and waves, hiding from time to time, looking from a distance, like a leaf floating on the water. The word "around Penghu" is more subtle after "closing sails". "Penghu" is the legendary Penglai Fairy Island, which generally refers to the "Three Gods Mountain" overseas, in order to combine the characteristics of many islands on Chao Heng's way home and correspond to the word "around". At the same time, "sail", drifting and sailing also imply that Chao Heng is about to die.
"The bright moon does not return to the blue sea, and the white clouds are exhausted." In these two sentences, the poet highly praised Chao Heng and expressed his infinite nostalgia. The previous sentence implies that Chao Heng was killed, and the bright moon symbolizes Chao Heng's noble character, while Chao Heng drowned in the sea, just like the bright bright moon drowned in the blue sea, with profound implications and beautiful artistic realm. Combined with the description of the navigation environment in the couplet above, it is natural and appropriate, which makes people feel infinite regret and sorrow. The last sentence is about feelings with scenery, which is very exciting. Cangwu refers to Yuzhou Mountain. According to unified records, Yuzhou Mountain is located in Haizhou, Huai 'an Prefecture, Beihai, Shandong Province. Chao Heng's misfortune not only made the poet extremely sad, but also made Tianyu look sad. There are layers of white clouds hanging over Cangwu Mountain in the sea, mourning the death of Chao Heng. Here, the poet expresses his sadness by personifying the sadness of white clouds, which makes the poem more tortuous and implicit, and makes the tragic atmosphere more rich and memorable.
Poetry is shallow and obvious. In this poem, Li Bai expresses his feelings about the death of his friend and his extreme grief with beautiful metaphors and rich associations, which is implicit, rich and unconventional, and reflects his extraordinary artistic talent.
Li Bai's poems and songs are always fresh and natural, romantic and elegant. In this short poem, we can also appreciate his unique style. Although it is a mourning poem, it is natural and natural to send feelings to the scenery and express grief through the scenery.
The friendship between Li Bai and Chao Heng is not only a much-told story in the literary world in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, but also a beautiful page in the history of friendly exchanges between the Chinese and Japanese peoples.
A few days ago, Shanghai Lu Xun Memorial Hall received a generous gift-1935 Lu Xun wrote and presented a famous poem "Listening to the Qin" to Japanese friend and Tang Dynasty poet Yasuo Zengsui. The banner reads: "Your seven strings are like the sound of a cold wind in a pine forest. Although I like this ancient song very much, most people don't play it today. Mr. Zeng Jing belongs to Lu Xun. " Not to mention the deep friendship that leads the other party to be bosom friends in the poem, the banner size of 63.5 cm long and 34.2 cm wide alone is quite large in Lu Xun's original works. In view of the fact that 95% of Lu Xun's handwriting in the auction market today is fake, this evidence that has witnessed the long history of Sino-Japanese friendly exchanges is precious.
Ms. Kokura, who donated handwriting, is the granddaughter of Keitaro Tanaka, a former friend of Lu Xun, and also the daughter of Yasuo Masui. Keitaro Tanaka is one year older than Lu Xun. He lived and studied in Beijing at the beginning of last century. He is recognized by Japanese academic circles as the edition of China's ancient books and the authority of bibliography. After returning home, he inherited his father's business and ran the "Wenqiutang" bookstore, which is famous for selling China ancient books and publishing related academic works. 1932, Wen Qiutang published Selected Works of Lu Xun, which included Kong Yiji, Medicine, The True Story of Ah Q, Hometown and other famous works. After reading it, Lu Xun found some mistakes, that is, he made a list of mistakes and sent it to Tanaka. Tanaka attached great importance to it and immediately printed the List of Errors in Lu Xun's Selected Works and sent it to Lu Xun. As a result, the friendship between Lu Xun and Keitaro in Hotan is growing day by day.
Knowing that Lu Xun's situation in Shanghai's literary world was not very good, 1935 12, Yoshio Keitaro, son-in-law of Keitaro Tanaka and lecturer of Toyo Higher Women's School in Tokyo, came to Shanghai to study, and was entrusted by his father-in-law Keitaro Tanaka to invite Lu Xun to write and recuperate in Japan. Lu Xun declined. In order to express his gratitude, Lu Xun presented Mr. Ma Sui with a handwritten "Listening to the Qin" banner in the afternoon of Liu Changqing 1935 12 14 in the Tang Dynasty. On the same day, Lu Xun recorded in his diary: "Write a word for Zeng Jingjun" 1992. After Ma Sui died, this precious ink was preserved by his daughter, Ms. Kou Xiyuzi.
Last July, Kiko Yamaguchi, the granddaughter of Keitaro Tanaka, and her husband visited the Lu Xun Memorial Hall in Shanghai and came across a book called Lu Xun and Japanese Friends. The book devoted a chapter to Lu Xun's friendship with Tanaka Keitaro and Jingfu Masui. The couple were very moved after reading it. After returning to China, they immediately told Ms. Kokusiko about it. After careful investigation, from the perspective of preservation, safety and research, Kokura Yuko GuXixi said: "My father said before his death that this is a family heirloom, so it should be well protected and donated to units that study Chinese and Japanese cultures in the future. Shanghai Lu Xun Memorial Hall is the best collection of my father's treasures. "
Wang Xirong, deputy director of Shanghai Lu Xun Memorial Hall, told the Morning Post reporter that Ms. Gu Xiyuzi's donation of Lu Xun's handwriting for free has attracted a lot of attention in Japan, and related reports have also appeared in newspapers one after another. Recently, Ms. Yamaguchi personally came to inquire about the exhibition. The memorial hall will arrange "Listening to Qin" to meet the audience as soon as possible, and plans to make some adjustments to the exhibition area, placing "Listening to Qin" in a prominent position in the relevant sections of Lu Xun and Neishan Bookstore, which complements the surrounding lighting and environment.
Wang Xirong introduced that after expert appraisal, this handwriting of Lu Xun belongs to the national second-class cultural relics, and the memorial hall received this gift, which played a very important role in the study of Lu Xun's thoughts and the cultural exchange between China and Japan.