① Correct, as opposed to "no". Tao Yuanshi's farewell speech: "Today is not yesterday."
2 think it is correct. "Mozi. Business ditto "is what you do, it must be all. "
3 indicates positive judgment. Analects of Confucius "Knowing is knowing, not knowing is not knowing, yes."
4 demonstrative pronouns. Here, here. Liu Tang Zongyuan's Snake Catcher said: "My ancestors died, so my father died." Bao Zaji in prison: "Diseases are contagious."
⑤ Verb, used between prepositional object and verb, emphasizes the object "Zuo Zhuan Xiang Gong Twenty-eight Years": "A small country must look to the monarch and dare to listen to it not only by living."
It is a typical mistake to translate the demonstrative pronoun "Yes" into "This" instead of "This" into "This". Sometimes you can't extract words directly from the translated sentences, but most of the time you can.
2. What does classical Chinese mean? The first "text" refers to a written article.
"Speech" means writing, expressing and recording. "Classical Chinese", that is, written language, is relative to "spoken language", which is also called "vernacular".
The last word "Wen" refers to works, articles, etc. , which means genre. "Classical Chinese" means "articles written in written language".
And "vernacular" means: "articles written in plain spoken language". In ancient China, it was different to express the same thing in spoken and written language. For example, if you want to ask someone if they have eaten, you can express it in spoken English as "Have you eaten?" And using books and language to express it is "rice?" .
"Fanbu" is classical Chinese. In ancient China, all articles were written in written language.
Therefore, now we generally refer to ancient Chinese as "classical Chinese". Classical Chinese is a treasure of China culture, and the ancients left us a lot of classical Chinese. In China, the study of classical Chinese plays a very important role in the Chinese curriculum in middle schools.
3. What is the meaning of "harmony" in classical Chinese? Original publisher: Hang Bin.
What is classical Chinese? (1) Classical Chinese is wonderful. There is no doubt about it. Classical Chinese is an important part of China traditional culture. This shows that the history of modern civilization in China is still very short, and it is necessary to deconstruct or interpret the traditional culture, because the inheritance of traditional wisdom is based on the correct interpretation of classical Chinese. (2) Classical Chinese is knowledge. This is right, because classical Chinese is no longer a language, it is purely a kind of writing. But classical Chinese is knowledge, and so is Oracle Bone Inscriptions. Why not learn from Oracle Bone Inscriptions? By the way, it is precisely because Oracle Bone Inscriptions is a relatively primitive writing, so classical Chinese is the basis for further study of Oracle Bone Inscriptions and other traditional advanced writing (learning). (3) Classical Chinese is also a skill. The expression, description, combination, transformation, metaphor, comparison and deduction of Chinese fully bear the style of Chinese civilization in ideological expression. Mastering the physical structure of classical Chinese has a profound understanding of modern Chinese, and there are "laws" to follow in the construction of new Chinese. (4) "Classical Chinese" is the antonym of "vernacular Chinese". The structure of this word is as follows: classical Chinese-Chinese. The first "text" is "writing" and "speech" is language. "Classical Chinese" refers to "written language". It shows two meanings: first, it shows that classical Chinese is a language; Secondly, the language was written later. "Written" language also has two meanings: one is a culture that can have language without words, for example, most ethnic minorities only have language without words; Secondly, the function of language quits life and becomes history in the form of words. The literal meaning of "classical Chinese" should be: the written language style. The latter's "text" refers to style. (5) Does classical Chinese have a "future" besides archaeological research? In other words, what life application value will it have? I think there is. In the traditional life style, desalination appeared.
4. What is classical Chinese? Classical Chinese is relative to vernacular Chinese.
The first "article" refers to a written article. "Speech" means writing, expressing and recording. "Classical Chinese", that is, written language, is relative to "spoken language", which is also called "vernacular". The last word "Wen" refers to works, articles, etc. , which means genre.
"Classical Chinese" means "articles written in written language". And "vernacular" means: "articles written in plain spoken language".
writings in the vernacular
In ancient China, it was different to express the same thing in spoken and written language. For example, if you want to ask someone if they have eaten, you can express it in spoken English as "Have you eaten?" And using books and language to express it is "rice?" . "Fanbu" is classical Chinese. In ancient China, all articles were written in written language. Therefore, now we generally refer to ancient Chinese as "classical Chinese"
Classical Chinese is a treasure of China culture, and the ancients left us a lot of classical Chinese. In China, the study of classical Chinese plays a very important role in the Chinese curriculum in middle schools.
Of course, the ancients in other countries also left a lot of classical Chinese.
What is classical Chinese? What does classical Chinese mean?
1. Classical Chinese is wonderful. There is no doubt about it. Classical Chinese is an important part of China traditional culture. This shows that the history of modern civilization in China is still very short, and it is necessary to deconstruct or interpret the traditional culture, because the inheritance of traditional wisdom is based on the correct interpretation of classical Chinese.
2. Classical Chinese is knowledge. Yes, because classical Chinese is no longer a language, it is just a word. But classical Chinese is knowledge, and so is Oracle Bone Inscriptions. Why not learn from Oracle Bone Inscriptions? By the way, it is precisely because Oracle Bone Inscriptions is a relatively primitive writing, so classical Chinese is the basis for further study of Oracle Bone Inscriptions and other traditional advanced writing (learning).
3. Classical Chinese is also a skill. The expression, description, combination, transformation, metaphor, comparison and deduction of Chinese fully bear the style of Chinese civilization in ideological expression. Mastering the physical structure of classical Chinese has a profound understanding of modern Chinese, and there are "laws" to follow in the construction of new Chinese.
4. "Classical Chinese" is the antonym of "vernacular Chinese". The structure of this word is as follows: classical Chinese-Chinese. The first "text" is "writing" and "speech" is language. "Classical Chinese" refers to "written language". It shows two meanings: first, it shows that classical Chinese is a language; Secondly, the language was written later. "Written" language also has two meanings: one is a culture that can have language without words, for example, most ethnic minorities only have language without words; Secondly, the function of language quits life and becomes history in the form of words.
The literal meaning of "classical Chinese" should be: the written language style. The latter's "text" refers to style.
So does classical Chinese have a "future" besides archaeological research? In other words, what life application value will it have? I think there is. When the traditional life style fades out of modern society, people just ignore the social life in some marginal fields, which leads to the suspicion or neglect of classical Chinese in modern application. For example, in religious buildings, some inscriptions will still be written in classical Chinese, or in calligraphy and engraved with tools. The application of seal script is also mostly the same.
Let's take a look again. Classical poetry belongs to the category of "classical Chinese", and they have not left us in life. Only in the form of language, even people have left the oral language, and after it has become a text, there are obviously certain normative requirements for the elaboration of skills and the expansion of ideographic expression. Its "future" lies in its application and its ability to awaken vague etymologies and allusions. It can be said that the future is promising.
The word "classical Chinese" can also include the relationship between language and writing in cultural history. In a certain form, once a language, including dialects, is "literate" and written, its language charm will be reduced and its writing function will be doubled. Because language is usually passed down orally and closely related to life, language has not yet entered the cultural state. It is the retention of life experience, without the expansion of words.
In the process of reading classical Chinese, we will inevitably have an illusion: did the ancients say so? I think this can be "felt" through the differences in the expression of written and spoken languages in the present tense, and there is not much difference in the structural rules between them. It can also be speculated that the ancient people's speech is just more casual, albino and popular than classical Chinese, and "three words and two beats" can also be used as a reference. As for reading classical Chinese now, of course, it does not mean repeating the words of the ancients, but reciting or silently reading a style.
Reading classical Chinese is a very clear way of thinking, just like reading the works of western philosophers occasionally, it is very solemn.
5. What does it mean in ancient Chinese? 〃 (1) Business, professional or * * * affairs, business or state affairs [affairs] "State" is not a general state affairs, but a major policy of governing the country.
"Yes, then" (Erya Shi Yan), and "then, often" and "Faye" (Erya Interpretation). If the monarch and the minister are not in harmony, the country (the correct policy and plan of the country) will be uncertain.
-Ye Fan's "The History of the Later Han Dynasty" (2) Another example: it is a thing (everything, everything); Country (3) surname that means Vader.
-"Poetry Xiaoya Bin's First Banquet" The day will drop to a big position, and people must first suffer their ambitions. -"Meng Zi Gao Zi" An Youwei is the danger of the world.
-Han Jiayi's "On Storage and Sparseness" is a unique thing, so there are fewer people and more stones in southern Chu. -Tang Zongyuan's Little Rock Mountain (2) Another example: it is a day (this day, this day); It's evening (this night); It's a place (here; Here); Is it long or short (so long and so short; Such and such); It's month (this month); Year (this year); Can endure, what can't endure ◎ means Shi のの (1).
Small seal script, from the sky. Original meaning: positive, not skewed.
(2) with the original meaning [right] is straight. -"Shuo Wen".
Press the ten-eye candle, straight and the sun is shining. And doubt is a fine and rough body.
-The Book of Rites Jade Algae. Sparse: "That's right."
The ninth day, the first day, is a blessing and a loss. -"Yi Wei Ji" (3) Right, right.
[Correct] Wang Fu is. -"Guoyu Chuyu".
Note: "Ye Li." I made my eyes wrong, and I didn't want to see.
-"Xunzi, Encourage Learning". Note: "Also known as the right path."
To establish is to abolish. -"Huai Nanzi distinguishes me."
Note: "Good." That man is zai.
-"Poetry Feng Wei Peach Blossoms in the Garden" does not mean that my words are affirmative, but that I have nothing to answer. -Lin Qing Chueh-min's Book of Wives and Concubines is not far, but it is not far.
-Tao Jin Yuanming's "Gui Xi Ci" (4) Another example: right and wrong (the person who provokes right and wrong); Right and wrong (right and wrong nest); Vortex of right and wrong (the center of contradictions and disputes); Right and wrong field (place of contradictions and disputes); ⑤ A general word. Everything, anything [every; Any].
Such as: people (everyone, anyone); It's (everything; Everything); It's a piece (piece by piece); Is everywhere (everywhere; Everywhere) ◎ It is approved by Shとと (1); Considered to be correct; Affirm [praise; Just] Pan Geng didn't change the degree for the complainant, but he didn't see it before he moved, so he can regret it. -Answering Sima's Words by Wang Song Anshi is a self-not a person, but a common fault.
-Qing Liu Kay's "Questioning" (2) Another example: it is ancient rather than today (respecting the ancient and suppressing the present); Right and wrong (definitely right, deny wrong. Refers to the evaluation of right and wrong); Each has its own; Deep is what it says ③ Correct.
For example, it is positive (revised; Correct) (4) Obey, thinking that it is illegal to follow the law, not courtesy. -"Xunzi".
Yangliuqiao: "Er Ya":' Yes, then also. "(5) Relative words.
The word [be] indicating positive judgment is exactly the four countries. -"Poetry, Cao Feng and Pigeons" When I wrote this book, I was still alone in this world.
-Lin Qingjuemin's Book of Wives and Concubines You are a big family, and you are an official in Taiwan Province. -"Yutai Xinyi Ancient Poetry is Jiao Zhongqing's Wife" (6) Another example: Today is the Dragon Boat Festival; Only his name (7) shows that these two things are the same, or the latter shows that the former is the original reason. When the sand disappeared for the flood in the valley, only the boulder stood upright.
-Song Shen Guo's Notes on Meng Xi (8) Another example: He is not a student (9) The situation mentioned after stating that the object of the statement belongs to "yes". It's winter in the yard and summer outside (10), which means that all the things mentioned are irrelevant.
For example, what is right is right, and what is wrong is wrong, which cannot be confused (1 1) to mean [be; Existence]. In front of the house is a grain field (12), which indicates the concession. Many years later, it should be a beautiful moment in name only.
-Song Liu Yong's Yulinling (13) is another example: the material is good, but a little expensive (14), which means it is suitable for [be clothing]. For example, it is a local (15) attempt.
Use the same "try" [try]. Such as: guess (try to guess) (16) image; Like [like]; Similar to.
For example, yes, words are not words (as if they were said; Beat about the bush (really1). Must (must; Be sure); It is necessary (necessary, absolutely necessary); In order to (in this way; Therefore); I bought a ticket yesterday. His craft is very clever, but the things he makes are different. (2) When "yes" is not stressed, it can be omitted, which only means general affirmation [just].
I asked [yes], that's all. (3) Used as a function word to express agreement when answering questions, orders or requests. Yes, I'm glad to have lunch with you. 4 very, very [very].
In a very tense situation; Everywhere) yes is yes (yes is yes.
Although it is) (2) Words such as "but, but, yes" often appear in the second clause. He is thin, but he never gets sick.
3 means although. Used to turn sentences.
He left early, but he couldn't catch up. (4) indicate the reason and purpose.
After "yes", you can add "because, because and for" [because (of)]. For example, he made a mistake because he was usually too proud. (5) Choose the format of the question: "Or … or …?" "Is it ... or ...?" "... or ...?" "Is it ... is it ...? "Whether ... or.
Who's on duty today? Or you or Xiao Wang? (6) or [or ](7) Answer multiple-choice questions and repeat part of the questions, generally without the word "yes". Does your watch go fast or slow? -kuai (8) Sometimes, I will use a complete "yes" sentence to answer whether you are from Shanghai or Beijing. -I am from Beijing (9) The answer may also be beyond the scope of the question.
Does your watch go fast or slow? -neither fast nor slow ◎ Yes, structural auxiliary words in ancient Chinese are generally used in idioms. The auxiliary verb preposition object is usually used with "Wei" (with exceptions). For example, Xun Yan ordered: "The cock crows, drives away, blocks the well to reduce the stove, and the horse follows."
-In the Spring and Autumn Period, Zuo Qiuming wrote Zuo Zhuan's Fourteen Years of "xianggong". This week, he wanted to serve the kings of the four countries. He was obedient, so he loved Ding.
6. What is the general meaning of "you" in ancient Chinese? General meaning can be used if there are other meanings. 1. "Qi" is used as a third person pronoun, before verbs or adjectives, as a subject in a sentence or as a subject-predicate phrase with other words, which is equivalent to "he (they)" and "it (they)" in modern Chinese. For example, the so-called Huashan Cave. Say "Huashan". (3) Qi is the subject of "Huashan Naiyang" in the ancient sentence, which is equivalent to "tower" and refers to "Huashan Cave". ② "Qi" and "Wei Wen" constitute a subject-predicate phrase, which is equivalent to "He" and refers to "servant tablet". 3. "Qi" and. The third person pronoun "Qi" is used as an attribute before nouns or locative nouns, which is equivalent to "his (theirs)" and "its (theirs)" in modern Chinese, such as: ① it is flat and spacious, with a spring coming out from the side; (2) more than a hundred steps away from the cave, there are monuments and servant roads, and its text has been lost. In the above five sentences, "Qi" can be translated into the third person pronoun "He". (1), "under it" refers to the bottom of the mountain. (2), "Wen Qi" refers to the words written on the servant tablet. ③ "Around" refers to both sides of the cave. ④ "Its depth" refers to the depth of the cave. Equivalent to "I (myself)", "we" or "my (our)". For example, when four people embrace fire, the deeper they go, the more difficult it is. 2 Yu also regretted that he had followed the trend and could not enjoy the extreme tour. Therefore, it is called "Zanchan". (2) The so-called Huashan Cave is located in the east five miles of its courtyard. (3) ask its depth, not bad. If you are out, you can blame those who want to be out. ⑤ The deeper the cover, the less you add. (1), "its address" refers to that place, "later" refers to that place. (2) The former refers to the back hole, while the latter refers to the person who arrived. Those five words, "Qi", as an adverb, are placed at the beginning of the sentence, which can be translated as "Yao" when matched with the modal auxiliary words placed at the end of the sentence. For example, who can scoff at it? 6. As an auxiliary word, "Qi" is used to fill syllables and ease tones. For example, when it comes out, it is necessary to blame the person who came up with it. The former "qi" is a syllable auxiliary word, which has no practical meaning and cannot be translated; Once out of the hole can be translated as "after out of the hole". It comes from the demonstrative pronoun "that, those". The demonstrative pronouns "na" and "qi" after "qi" have other uses besides those in this article. The supplementary explanation is as follows: (1) is the second person pronoun, which is equivalent to "you" and "yours". So I thought his love was not as good as Yan Hou's. I think the Empress Dowager is too short-sighted about Chang, so I think you love (Chang) as much as you love (Yan) Hou. (2) "Qi" is one of several, meaning "in it". The other wolf sits in front of (the butcher) like a dog. "Qi" is interpreted as "one of them". (3) "Qi" is used as an adverb. When placed at the beginning of a sentence or in a sentence, it can also express the mood of asking, questioning, measuring, being polite, expecting, etc. It is often collocated with mood auxiliary words placed at the end of a sentence, which can be translated into "Yao", "probably" and "probably" according to the context. ("Yu Gong Yi Shan") ② Is this all about? (Teacher Shuo) 327 has never forgotten his father's ambition! ("Biography of Lingguan") 4 If you can't attack, if you don't continue to encircle, you will return. (The Battle of Carmen) (5) Is it really not evil? I really don't know which "Qi" is used before "Ru" in (Ma Shuo) (the first sentence) ... He can also be translated as "You". The second sentence "Qi" indicates a euphemistic measure tone, which can be translated into "probably" and "possibly". The third sentence "up" indicates the tone of warning and expectation. The second "qi" that expresses speculative tone can be translated as "I'm afraid". (4) As an adverb, "Qi" indicates time and has the meaning of "Jiang" and "Jiang". For example, if you are in a hurry to get a house, it will start broadcasting Baijia Valley. The translation of this sentence is: repair the house quickly and plant all kinds of seeds. Table choice, do "yes" ... or-"to solve. For example: ① his capital punishment, saying: "Follow me, that is, stab him in the heart first; Otherwise, the limbs will be exhausted and the heart will not die. " ("Miscellaneous Notes in Prison") 2 Qin Wei will save Han Hu, which means that if the punishment of that year is executed, the executioner will say to the prisoner: "If you give me some money as I do, I will stab you in the heart first and let you die immediately; Otherwise, I'll cut off all your limbs, and your heart won't die at once, which will make you suffer. "Qi" is equivalent to "if". "Qi" is equivalent to "Really ... or"? ("Warring States Policy Hance") (6) "Qi" is used as an auxiliary word to complement syllables and ease the tone. For example, the snow is boundless and the clouds are falling. (Qu Yuan's "Crossing the River") One sentence means: Snowflakes are falling one after another, and you can't see the head at a glance. Thick clouds are gathering, as if pressing the eaves.
7. What does "Zhi" mean in classical Chinese? In classical Chinese, "zhi" can be used as a notional word or a function word, which has different meanings in different semantic environments. Namely:
First of all, when "zhi" is used as a notional word,
1 can be a verb with the following meaning:
1) Original meaning: Come out, live and grow. For example: speaking: ambition, Chu Ye. Like stumps, branches and trunks are beneficial to a great extent. Another example: The Book of Rites: If the language is vague, it is not. Yu Yue agreed: "This word is its original meaning. No, it hasn't come out yet. "
2) Go, go in a certain direction, go ... For example, Guangya: just right. Another example: Shibo: Blog in the East. Another example: Historical Records of Xiang Yu: Pei Gongjun.
2. It can be a pronoun with the following meanings:
1) means people or things, which is equivalent to "this" and "that". For example, "Everything was done by Han Feizi's hidden things": Wang Xuan said. (chi: guide the country to blow tofu brain. Another example: Liu Tang Zongyuan's Three Commandments: Tigers enjoy it. (Note: This refers to the situation that the donkey can only kick when he is angry. Another example: Qing Yuanmei's Poems for Sisters: I should remember it clearly. (chi: refers to the reading situation of * * *. )
2) refers to the name of a person or thing, which is equivalent to him, her, it and them. For example, in the thirty-second year of Zuo Zhuan, a businessman from Zheng met him in Zhou. Another example: Tang Hanyu's Teacher's Talk: a witch doctor musician with various skills. ("Zhi" is a demonstrative pronoun, meaning "Witch doctor is a musician of all kinds of arts". )
3) Demonstrative pronouns are equivalent to "Qi", "His" and "Other". For example, Zhou Wang ordered the king of Wu to go to court and behead his mother. (Note: This usage is mostly after the Han Dynasty, which is not seen in ancient classical Chinese. )
Second, when "zhi" acts as a function word.
It can be an auxiliary word, meaning as follows:
1). Used between the attributive and the head word, indicating the possessive relation or the general modifying relation. For example, Ke's The Battle of Qing Banknotes is a young expert soldier in Xie Zhuang.
2) Being used between subject-predicate structures cancels the independence of sentences and is meaningless. For example, thirty-two years of Zuo Zhuan: I met a teacher.
3) Used between notional words and prepositions, meaningless. For example, "On Mencius' Gao Zi Zhang Sentence": Mouth is for taste, and there are similarities. The mouth tastes the same.