Calligrapher Kong Qingyun

There is no family in the world that can be passed down for more than 2,500 years, and it has been passed down for 86 generations. Its family number has reached as many as 3 million, all over the world, and it is almost the most closely organized family in the history of the world. And in1994 65438+February, family ancestral temple and the cemetery were listed on the World Heritage List by the United Nations. This family is called "the first family in the world". Why can the Kong family pass on for more than 2,500 years? As a great thinker, Confucius founded the Confucian School, which had a great influence on China and even the whole oriental culture. His thoughts were not valued by those in power at that time before his death, but were greatly respected behind him. After the death of Confucius, the monarch of the State of Lu mourned Confucius. In the obituary, Confucius is called "father", which is different from the title. Since the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period when hundred schools of thought contended, Confucius founded Confucianism. After countless wars, the Confucian family has always stood firm. Qin Shihuang burned books to bury Confucianism, and the Confucius family faced the biggest crisis, but finally survived. Since then, the Confucius family has been respected by all previous dynasties. For more than 2,000 years, dynasties changed constantly, emperors followed, and wars were unknown. Many prominent families have been destroyed under the wheel of history, but the Kong family has survived the storm and multiplied for more than two thousand years, which is a great miracle. In the historical process of the Chinese nation, there are countless families that have stood for thousands of years without falling down. Why can only Confucius have such tenacious vitality and be eroded by time? That's because from the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period to the Wei and Jin Dynasties, aristocratic families have always shared power with the monarch and ruled the world together. Once these aristocratic families grow up, they will inevitably become a great threat to imperial power. So later, the Sui and Tang Dynasties began to implement the imperial examination system to select talents, which made the poor people stand out and weaken day by day? The influence of aristocratic families on the control of political power led to the decline of aristocratic families since Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. The reason why the Confucius family can last forever has a lot to do with the Confucianism founded by Confucius. From the Han Dynasty to the end of the Qing Dynasty, despite the constant change of dynasties, no matter which dynasty or generation, no matter who is the emperor, one thing remains unchanged-that is, they all believe in Confucianism, which is the foundation of their governance. Therefore, every emperor worships Confucius to the extreme, and even some emperors have to pay many times of worship to show their respect for Confucius. At the same time, the core idea of Confucius family is to maintain the sovereign power, not to share and weaken the sovereign power. Most of the poor at the bottom learn Confucian classics to get the imperial examination, and the Confucius family has an extremely lofty position among the poor. These people will also have the idea of loyalty to the monarch after studying, so Confucius will naturally be respected by the ruling monarch. Millennium Glory: family ancestral temple and Cemetery are listed as World Heritage Sites. From the Western Han Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, about 1 1 emperors came to the Confucius Temple to worship Confucius, as many as 19 times. This can be said to be an iron Confucian mansion and a flowing court. No matter whether the alien enters the Central Plains to establish a dynasty or the Han nationality establishes a dynasty, they must come to his door to pay homage. At that time, when Lao Zhao's family acceded to the throne in the Song Dynasty, they tried their best to curry favor with Confucius, not only named the descendants of Confucius as the Duke of Feast, but also assumed all the construction costs of the grand building Qufu Confucius House, which truly established the position of Confucius House as the first expensive house in the world. Even if Xu Jin brutally destroyed the Song Dynasty and occupied the north, he wouldn't dare to lay a finger on Confucius. Later, in the Yuan Dynasty, the royal family exempted the Kongs from military service and gave them a lot of wealth. At that time, the wealth of the Kong family had a great influence on the whole village. All the people around them gave their land and women to be slaves and changed their names to the Kong family, hoping to get a little favor from the Duke of Feast. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the glory and influence of Confucius reached its peak. When Zhu Yuanzhang proclaimed himself emperor, he gave Confucius 2,000 hectares (600,000 mu) of sacrificial fields and allocated a large number of tenant farmers to cultivate sacrificial fields. Zhu Yuanzhang also made the duke of Confucius' feast the first civil servant of the dynasty, and specially gave the leader of Confucius a walking stick to "take charge of housework". Zhu Hougui, Emperor Shizong of the Ming Dynasty, regarded Confucius as the throne of "the most holy teacher". During the Chongzhen period, Yan Zhi, the Duke of Feast, was named Prince Taibao and Prince Taifu ... It can be said that the Ming Dynasty really treated Confucius as a "saint" and the emperor was full of kindness. In the Qing dynasty, the reward of the Ming dynasty was continued, and the treatment was mainly a senior official. The emperor shunzhi named Confucius the title of "Great Success and Great Consciousness", and the Duke of Feast named Confucius "Little Bao, Prince Tai Bao", giving Confucius various rewards. Later, Yong Zhengdi gave Confucius the privilege of selling officials and expanded his power (you are not mistaken, Confucius can sell officials here). Emperor Qianlong visited Qufu eight times. Even in the late Qing Dynasty, Cixi still gave various rewards to Confucius. Besides, only the Duke of Feast can walk side by side with the emperor in the palace. Because Confucius is not only a good teacher for scholars, but also a teacher for the emperor. When the emperor goes to Qufu, he will also give a big gift to Confucius, the ancestor of the feast duke, which is also an honor that other princes and nobles do not have. Later, the Confucius Temple, Confucius House and Confucius Forest in Qufu were famous for their rich cultural accumulation, long history, grand scale, rich cultural relics collection and scientific and artistic value, and were listed on the World Heritage List by the United Nations in 1994 and 12 respectively. After more than 2000 years of maintenance and expansion, Confucius Temple has now become a huge ancestral temple group, which is as luxurious as the palaces of Ming and Qing Dynasties. Confucius Temple has more than 100 buildings and 460 rooms, with an ancient building area of about 16000 square meters. The whole temple is magnificent, and it is one of the three existing ancient buildings in China (Forbidden City and Summer Resort). There are a total of 1044 inscriptions in the past dynasties since the Han Dynasty, which contain records of feudal emperors paying homage to Confucius and building Confucius temples, as well as poems and inscriptions of emperors, generals and literati paying homage to Confucius temples. The characters are Chinese, Mongolian, Basiba and Manchu, and the calligraphy style is original cursive seal, which is a study of feudal society, politics, economy and Manchu. Confucius House Confucius House is the largest mansion in China, second only to the imperial palaces of Ming and Qing dynasties. Now, the Confucius House covers an area of more than 240 mu, with 463 buildings such as halls, halls, buildings and pavilions, and more than 690,000 cultural relics, about 340,000 sets. The number of movable cultural relics ranks in the top ten in China and ranks first in Shandong Province. Among them, the world-famous collections include more than 300,000 private documents of Confucius from the Ming Dynasty to 1948, more than 40,000 precious ancient books since the Song Dynasty, more than 8,000 costumes in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and a large number of ritual vessels related to offering sacrifices to Confucius. Kong Lin Kong Lin is a special cemetery for Confucius and his family, and more than 654.38 million people are buried here. Since Zigong planted trees for Confucius' Lu Tomb, there have been more than 10,000 ancient trees, forming today's Kong Lin, which is also the longest and largest clan cemetery in the world. Since the Han Dynasty, the rulers of past dynasties have rebuilt and added 13 times to Kong Lin, and even formed the present scale, with a total area of about 2 square kilometers, surrounded by 5.6 kilometers of forest walls, with a height of more than 3 meters and a thickness of 1 meter. There are more than 3 million descendants in the world, and talented people come forth in large numbers. Kong's genealogy is the longest, richest and most complete genealogy in the history of China. I dare not say that there is more than it in the world, but it is extremely difficult to have it. Why did Kong's genealogy stay in disorder for so long? Of course, there are also reasons for the tradition of Confucius sages. Confucian scholars believe that the revision of musical score is a major event. What can be achieved by modifying the frequency spectrum? Eighteen words: "The lineage is detailed, the relatives are close, the friendship is generous, the turmoil is strict, and the order is clear, so you can forget it at any time." "'detailed lineage' means that generations are clear and will not forget." Even distant relatives can keep in touch. " I'm afraid it really doesn't move after three generations, and it can't be found after three generations. Plus, they are all only children now, and there are no uncles and aunts. Who else has a cousin? It's all gone. According to the past rules, ten generations are not relatives. If you count 1 1 generation, you are an ancestor, then you rarely contact. But the Confucius family can't. This is the first cultural family in China, so we should contact our relatives. Now, the descendants of Confucius have reached 3 million in the world, and they have multiplied for 86 generations. Moreover, the family tree of the Confucius family is very complete, with 30 years of minor repairs and 60 years of major repairs. This is the most closely organized family in the world. Now, these descendants have scattered all over the world, and the descendants of the Kong family are almost all over China, and Qufu area in China is undoubtedly the most densely populated area of the Kong family. Kong's overseas descendants are mainly distributed in Japan, the United States, Canada and South Korea. Among them, South Korea has the largest number of Confucius, about 70,000, and has also established the Qufu Confucius Korea Expo. There are many outstanding figures among the descendants of Confucius, such as Kong Rong in the Three Kingdoms period, Kong Anguo, a famous scholar in the Western Han Dynasty, Kong Chaofu, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, and Kong Chengya, a calligrapher in the Ming Dynasty. Lieutenant General Kong Qingde, the founding general of contemporary New China, and Kong Fanxing, a contemporary poet, are descendants of Confucius, as well as Kong Linghe of the United States, Kong Qingxin of South Korea, Kong Qingyun of Taiwan Province, and Kong Qingping of Hong Kong ... These successful descendants of Confucius are distributed in every corner of the world. These outstanding descendants of Confucius, the founding general Lieutenant General Kong Qingde, are just the tip of the iceberg. And if your last name is Kong, you can still enjoy the free ticket service when you go to Sankong now. The aura of Confucius is still sheltering the descendants of Confucius, thus making the Confucius family prosperous from generation to generation and becoming the nobleman with the most complete system and rigorous structure so far. At present, the development and evolution, hierarchical management, hereditary system, genealogy of generations, mansion architecture and so on of the Kong family are still the focus of people's keen attention. -End-