The initial Mongolian education in China can be traced back to Shang Dynasty, when Mongolian education already included calligraphy, namely Oracle Bone Inscriptions. Write it on tortoise shell or ox leg bone with sharp weapon! This is also the originality of hard pen calligraphy!
oracle bone script
A complete record of Mongolian calligraphy education appeared in the works of Zhu, a Dali scholar in the Southern Song Dynasty. His books have clear and systematic regulations on copying, pen and ink research, sitting posture, pen and font.
Shi Chengjia studied in different years.
Mongolian calligraphy education in Yuan Dynasty basically followed the Song Dynasty, and clearly put forward the mode of learning calligraphy. The official textbook Cheng Jiashu Reading Calendar in Yuan Dynasty records that:
If you learn to write, you must write 1000 words a day in four days. For example, when a child started writing, he first wrote in the form of thousands of words displayed by Yu Ang, but in the form of a wise man like Qian Zhen. Each word has a piece of paper and the shadow has ten pieces of paper. Don't write in the shadow, don't cherish the paper and write it yourself in an empty place, it will go out of shape. It is better to turn the paper over and write in shadow in the empty place. After writing thousands of words in this way, take a rest for a month or two and read books. Write 1500 words through the shadow with full-time power, and add them to 2000, 3000 and 4000 words. Write with full-time power for a month or two. You must write like this, so that you can write more in the future and never go out of shape. Let yourself read and write again. The reason why it uses thousands of words, wisdom and courage, the truth is profound, too much to say. When he has spare capacity, he can be self-sufficient. It takes great efforts to establish a Confucian school, so learning Chinese characters is the only way to use a pen. Hang the wrist with double hooks, so that the left is right and the palm is empty, which means front and back. So is this formula. If you want to test Chinese characters, you should read Shuowen, Zilin, Liushulue, Qieyizhongtu, Zhengshiyin, Yunshe and so on, and get the correctness of the six books by the way of phonetic errors. Take three or five words or ten numbers at a time, and choose the word you want to use first. Words copied from books should be translated according to Shuowen. The weather between flesh and blood should be wise and brave. Don't write poems and posts, but don't use wisdom and courage completely.
Ming calligraphy
In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, children's calligraphy education was further clarified, and special attention was paid to the requirements of official schools on the statutes, rules and order of learning calligraphy. In addition, I put a lot of emphasis on the origin and interpretation of calligraphy! The official school advocates: Tang and Song posts first, then Jin posts, first learn Chinese characters, then learn Chinese characters, and then learn lower case letters. Start with regular script, eight-part essay, running script and cursive script, and don't mess up.
Second, learn etiquette, not teaching.
There are words in The Book of Rites. If you smell them, you can learn, but if you teach them, you can't smell them!
As a fan of calligraphy, the calligraphy education in official schools is far from enough, and many scholars come and go for advice! Zhong You dug a grave to steal art, Emperor Kangxi studied in Zhao Han, Liu Gongquan wrote Eight Tanshui and so on! They are all examples of mutual advice and great achievements!
Third, the similarities and differences between today and ancient times.
Ancient calligraphy education has always been a supplement to Confucian classic reading education, and it has always retained the requirements for philology, which is lacking in modern calligraphy education.
Ancient calligraphy education was mainly for the needs of exams and the writing of yamen documents! Nowadays, calligraphy education is mostly regarded as the cultivation of children's artistry and the inheritance of traditional culture!