No matter what the dispute is, it doesn't matter if you give him a few feet. The Great Wall is still there today, but Qin Shihuang is nowhere to be seen.
The dragons and tigers cling to the trees, even if they reach the clouds, they will collapse.
In the green mountains and autumn grass, passers-by only worship the Han Dynasty Mausoleum.
In the past, there was Yingzheng who wiped out the six kingdoms. He called himself the First Emperor and lived deep in Xianyang Palace. All the ministers were obedient, and no one dared to criticize them; they were willing to be driven, and they only obeyed the emperor's orders.
The First Emperor conquered the world, and he was both proud and forgetful. He drank fine wine every day and was always drunk. One day, he held a banquet with all the ministers and set up wine in the Xianyang Palace. The ministers competed to congratulate him and praised him for his extraordinary achievements. There are clouds, the sun and the moon shine, and everyone obeys them; there are clouds that sweep away the six kingdoms, surpassing the achievements of Yao and Shun; there are clouds that imitate the Zhou Dynasty, and all countries are enfeoffed; there are clouds that remonstrate with those who centralize power, burning books and pitting scholars.
Tianfang hunts in the Central Plains, and foxes and rabbits are hated.
Such a shame for the six wimpy kings, this is a bird of prey.
Struggle has been wiped out, but Han Fei is still standing.
The tour will cross Penglai, with the sea as hills.
The stone is laid to praise the merits, and the ministers support the arrogance.
Yi is not widely read in the world, but it is named as punishment.
Chi Chi and his young son, what use is there to distinguish between solid ice
The emperor has lost his virtue, and Li Yi misses the rest of Qin. Political troubles lead to the change of seal script, but stupidity leads to burning of books. Afang has been destroyed for a long time, and the pavilion road has become a ruin. If you are tired of the southeastern energy, you will turn over and cover your carriage. ?
Characters:
Qin Shihuang (259 BC - 210 BC), surnamed Ying, Zhao surname, Ming Zheng. The son of King Zhuangxiang of Qin. [1] Born in Handan, the capital of Zhao State, he inherited the throne at the age of thirteen and became emperor at the age of thirty-nine. He reigned for thirty-seven years. A famous politician, strategist, and reformer in Chinese history, he was the first iron-fisted politician to complete the unification of China. He established the first multi-ethnic centralized state. He once used the "emperor" of the three emperors and the "emperor" of the five emperors to form the title of "emperor". He was the first feudal dynasty monarch in ancient and modern times to call himself emperor. Qin Shihuang established the emperor system in the central government and implemented the Three Gongs and Nine Ministers to manage national affairs. At the local level, the enfeoffment system was abolished and replaced by the county and county system. At the same time, the books were written in the same text, the carriages were on the same track, and weights and measures were unified. They attacked the Xiongnu in the north, conquered Baiyue in the south, built the Great Wall, built spiritual canals, and connected water systems. It also pushed China into the era of great unification and created a new situation for the establishment of a centralized authoritarian system. He had a profound impact on Chinese and world history and established the basic pattern of China's political system for more than two thousand years. He was hailed as "one emperor through the ages" by the Ming Dynasty thinker Li Zhi.
Personal resume:
Chinese name: Qin Shihuang Ying Zheng? Nationality: Qin Dynasty, China? Birthplace: Handan (now Handan City, Hebei Province)? Date of death: 210 BC? Main achievements: wiped out six countries, unified the country, abolished feudalism, established counties and counties, established the emperor system, unified writing, currency, weights and measures to pacify Baiyue in the south, and conquered the Xiongnu in the north to build the Great Wall? Age of death: 50 years old Mausoleum Lishan Mausoleum (today's Xi'an Xiahe Village, Lintong District, City) ? Belief: Legalist thought ? Children: Fusu, Hu Hai, Gongzi Gao, Gongzi Jianglu, etc. Place of death: Shaqiu Platform (now Guangzong North, Hebei) Alias: Zhao Zheng, Qin Wangzheng, Qin Zheng , Ying Zheng, Zulong? Nationality: Huaxia (predecessor of Han)? Date of birth: 259 BC? Occupation: King of Qin, emperor, politician? Reign time: 36 years (246 BC - 210 BC)? Important events: Destroying six kingdoms, building the Great Wall, burning books and trapping warlocks, and building Afang Palace? Historical position: One emperor through the ages? Wife: Unrecorded? Heir: Hu Hai, the second emperor of Qin
Early experience:
The First Emperor of Qin (January 27, 259 BC - 210 BC) was born in the first month of the forty-eighth year of King Zhao of Qin. The exact place of birth was in the Wenming Hall ruins of Kuocheng (Dabeicheng) in Handan at that time and to the south of Congtai, east of Zhongjie Street in today's city, and the Zhujia Lane area southwest of Congtai. He is the middle son of King Zhuangxiang of Qin and the 35th grandson of Ying Elai, an important minister of the Shang Dynasty. Ying's surname is Zhao, and his name is Zheng.
In 247 BC, King Zhuangxiang of Qin died, and the 13-year-old Qin Shi Huang was established as King of Qin. At this time, Lu Buwei became the prime minister, granted 100,000 households, and was named Marquis Wenxin. He had great power alone. Due to his young age when he came to the throne, the state affairs were all controlled by Lu Buwei, the Prime Minister, who respected Lu Buwei as his second father. In 239 BC, Qin Shihuang was 21 years old and was about to take charge of the government. However, at this time, a fierce political struggle broke out in the Qin court.
At first, Lu Buwei controlled the court and had an affair with the Queen Mother (Zhao Ji). Later, when the King of Qin saw that he was getting older, he was afraid of being discovered by him, and wanted to leave the Queen Mother. But he was also afraid of the Queen Mother's resentment, so he had his retainer Lao Ai tortured by fake torture. He only plucked off his beard and eyebrows and presented it to the Queen Mother for her sexual pleasure. . The King of Qin was getting older, so they lied to him and said that the Queen Mother's palace had bad feng shui and that he should move away. Qin Shihuang believed it was true, so they moved to the palace in Yong County. As a result, the Queen Mother gave birth to two illegitimate children, and the false eunuch Lao Ai also claimed to be the false father of the King of Qin. With the help of the Queen Mother, he was named Changxinhou, with Shanyang, Shanyang, Taiyuan and other places gathered their own party members. Lao Ai has been operating in Yongcheng for many years and has established a huge power. He is a powerful political force in the Qin State second only to Lu Buwei.
Lao Ai was inevitably a villain, and after getting drunk, she scolded a minister: "I am the false father of King Qin, how dare you mess with me." After hearing this, the minister was very angry and secretly searched for him. Qin Shihuang got an opportunity to tell Ying Zheng about the relationship between Lao Ai and the Queen Mother. When Qin Shihuang learned about it, he was very angry. Lao Ai panicked and prepared to rebel.
In 238 BC, Qin Shihuang held a crowning ceremony at Qinian Palace in Yongcheng. Lao Ai used the royal seal of the King of Qin and the Queen Mother's seal to launch a rebellion and attack Qinian Palace. Qin Wangzheng had already deployed three thousand elite troops in Qinian Palace to defeat the rebels. Lao Ai turned to attack Xianyang Palace, where there were already troops. Lao Ai escaped alone and was arrested not long after. The King of Qin ordered Lao Ai's chariot to be torn apart and his body exposed to the public; he also imprisoned his mother, Zhao Ji, in the Guiyang Palace in Yongcheng; and killed Lao Ai's two illegitimate sons with the Queen Mother. The following year, the King of Qin removed Lu Buwei from the post of prime minister and exiled Lu Buwei to Bashu. Knowing that his relationship with the King of Qin was irreversible, Lu Buwei committed suicide by drinking poisonous wine. Later, although Qin Wangzheng obeyed the advice of the nobles of the Qin State and issued the "Book of Expelling Guests" to expel the diners from the six countries, he was dissuaded by Li Si's "Book of Remonstrance and Expelling Guests". Later, he still reused Wei Liao and Li Si et al.
Celebrity comments:
Wei Liao, a military strategist of the Warring States Period, believed: "The King of Qin is a man who is accurate as a bee, has long eyes, is fond of birds, has the sound of jackals, is kind in a small amount but has the heart of a tiger and a wolf, and he is easy to live in." I am a commoner, but I am always under my control. If the king of Qin succeeds in conquering the world, he will not be able to travel with him for a long time."
Sima Qian believed in "Historical Records": "The King of Qin had a greedy heart and the wisdom of self-improvement. He did not believe in meritorious officials and was not close to the people. He abolished the king's way and established private rights. He banned documents and tortured the law. He deceived power first and then benevolence and righteousness. The world begins with tyranny. ""The Chronicles of the First Emperor of Qin" states, "The laws and laws all started with the First Emperor." "The Biography of Li Si"
Fu Yan, the political commentator of the Western Han Dynasty, believed: "The Emperor of Qin was victorious. Wei, cannibalizing the world, annexing the Warring States Period, becoming one at home, and contributing to the Qi Dynasty for three generations."
Sang Hongyang, a famous official in the Western Han Dynasty, affirmed in his treatise that Qin Shihuang's achievements in unifying China were "like mountains and mountains, and his fame will be passed down to future generations."
Wang Mang, the Jianxing Emperor of the New Dynasty: "His contributions lasted for thousands of generations!"
Although Ban Gu, a historian of the Eastern Han Dynasty, criticized Qin Shihuang's cruelty, he still affirmed that some of Qin Shihuang's systems were "imposed on the queen." "In the thirty-seven years, the army was deployed everywhere, and political decrees were issued to the Queen. He gained the power of the saint, and the river god granted the map. He controlled the wolves and foxes, participated in the attack, and assisted in the government to drive them away. He is called the First Emperor."
Fan Ye proposed in "Book of the Later Han": "The Han Dynasty inherited the Qin system."
Western evaluation:
Although the Qin Dynasty only lasted for 15 years, the ruling model established by Qin Shihuang has continued. Qin Shihuang was the main architect of China's centralized feudal monarchy for more than 2,000 years. His influence was far-reaching and far-reaching, unmatched by any other emperor. In the history of the world, there are many emperors who created huge empires, but their actual influence cannot be compared with Qin Shihuang.
China’s population has historically accounted for more than 20% of the world’s population. An important influence on China can be regarded as an important influence on the world (Mike Hart’s words), and due to centralization and loyalty to the emperor, The influence of emperors on Chinese history was far greater than that of many other countries. From this, we can see the vital role Qin Shi Huang played in China and even the world. Westerners have always been in awe of China's vast territory. The difference is that Europe is always full of small countries, while China is a unified country. This is mainly due to political and social factors, rather than geographical factors such as mountainous barriers. Of course, the unification of China cannot be attributed solely to Qin Shihuang himself. There are other people who played important roles, such as Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty.
In the West, people often compare Qin Shihuang to the Roman Emperor Caesar. Generally speaking, the population and area of ??the Roman Empire and that of the Qin Dynasty were about the same. But the reign was shorter than the Roman Empire, and after Caesar's death, the empire fell apart. This was not the case with the Qin Dynasty. This was the reason why Qin Shi Huang had unique influence. Therefore, in any ranking of outstanding emperors in the world, Qin Shihuang is almost always ranked at the highest or close to the highest position.
Negative evaluation: Because Qin Shihuang promoted the Legalist theory of "severe punishments and severe laws", and subsequent Chinese rulers all promoted Confucianism with benevolence, love and moderation as its core. Therefore, Qin Shihuang often appears as a negative example in various prose and historical records. Such as Jia Yi's "On the Passage of Qin" and so on. Qin Shihuang has been modified by many writers as a tyrant who will do whatever it takes to gain power. The Great Wall, Qin Chi Road, Ling Canal, Epang Palace and the Mausoleum of the First Emperor of Qin are all extremely large in scale. The entire country worked to build them. Many documents denounced the fact that many casualties were caused during the construction of the project. However, on the other hand, it caused traffic congestion in various places. Further development will help future transportation, economy and trade, and the integration of various ethnic groups.
Anecdotes and allusions:
Jing Ke assassinated the Qin Dynasty
Twelve Golden Men
Running on the golden embankment
Fengchan Taishan
Impressed with Xiangjun
Yinghuo Shouxin