1. Han Yu, also known as Tui Zhi, is famous for his masterpieces: "On the Bone Table of the Buddha", "The Master's Theory", "Jin Xue Jie", etc.?
Han Yu was orphaned at the age of three and was adopted by his brother and sister-in-law. He was raised in poverty in his early years, and he had the ambition to study and manage the world. Although he was lonely and poor, he was hardworking and studious. At the age of twenty, he went to Chang'an to take the imperial examination, but failed in three tests. After he was twenty-five years old, he first became a Jinshi, but failed in three attempts to pass the erudite and Hongci subjects. He went to Dong Jin in Bianzhou and Zhang Jianfeng in Xuzhou to serve in the shogunate. Later he returned to Beijing and served as a doctor of Simen. After the age of thirty-six, he was appointed as the Supervisory Censor. Because he wrote a letter to discuss the drought and people's hunger, asking for tax exemptions and reductions, he was demoted to the Yangshan Order.
During the reign of Emperor Xianzong, he returned to the north and became a doctor of the imperial family. After the age of 50, he first conquered Wu Yuanji from Pei Du, and then moved to the Ministry of Punishment. Because he remonstrated with the Buddha's bones, he was demoted as the governor of Chaozhou. Moved to Yuanzhou. Soon after he returned to the court, he held the posts of Guozi Jijiu, Minister of the Ministry of War, Minister of the Ministry of Personnel, and Jing Zhaoyin. He died at the age of fifty-seven. Politically more accomplished. The poem strives to be dangerous and novel, powerful and powerful.
2. Liu Zongyuan, with a thick character, is famous for his masterpieces "Eight Records of Yongzhou", "Liuhedong Collection" and "Liu Zongyuan Collection"?
Liu Zongyuan (773 AD - November 28, 819 AD) ), named Zihou, Han nationality, native of Hedong (now Yongji area of ??Yuncheng, Shanxi Province), one of the Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties, a writer, philosopher, essayist and thinker of the Tang Dynasty known as "Liu Hedong" and "Mr. Hedong". Because he died as the governor of Liuzhou, he was also called "Liu Liuzhou". Liu Zongyuan was called "Han Liu" together with Han Yu, "Liu Liu" with Liu Yuxi, and "Wang Meng Wei Liu" with Wang Wei, Meng Haoran and Wei Yingwu.
3. Ouyang Xiu, courtesy name Yongshu, also known as Zuiweng and Liuyi Jushi. His representative work is "Ouyang Wenzhong Gongji"?
Ouyang Xiu lost his father when he was young and was raised by his widowed mother to study. In the eighth year of Renzong Tiansheng's reign (1030), he became a Jinshi. The following year, he was appointed as a stay-at-home promotion officer in Xijing (now Luoyang). He became close friends with Mei Yaochen and Yin Zhu, and exchanged poems with each other. In the first year of Jingyou (1034), he convened the Bachelor's College Examination and was appointed Xuandelang, who served as a colographer. In the third year of Jingyou's reign, Fan Zhongyan was demoted to Raozhou for criticizing current affairs in the previous chapter. Ouyang Xiu defended him and was demoted to the county magistrate of Yiling (now Yichang, Hubei).
In the first year of Kangding (1040), Ouyang Xiu was recalled to Beijing and resumed his post as collation of the pavilions and pavilions, and later became known as the Admonition Academy. In the third year of Qingli (1043), Fan Zhongyan, Han Qi, Fu Bi and others implemented the "Qingli New Deal". Ouyang Xiu participated in the innovation and proposed reform of official administration, military, and tribute laws. In the fifth year of Qingli, Fan, Han, Fu, etc. were demoted one after another, and Ouyang Xiu was also demoted to the prefect of Chuzhou (now Chuzhou, Anhui). Later, Yangzhou, Yingzhou (now Fuyang, Anhui), and Yingtianfu (now Shangqiu, Henan) were also known.
4. Su Xun, whose courtesy name is Mingyun and who calls himself Laoquan. His representative works are "Book of Quan", "Lun of Heng" and "Jiayou Collection"?
Su Xun's father, Su Xu, and his mother's history He has two elder brothers, Su Dan and Su Huan. Su Xun had difficulty studying when he was young. When he was 19 years old, he married his wife Cheng. When he was 27 years old, he made up his mind to study hard. After more than ten years of hard study, he made great progress in his studies.
In the first year of Renzong Jiayou's reign (1056), he led Su Shi and Su Che to Bianjing to pay a visit to Ouyang Xiu, a Hanlin scholar. Ouyang Xiu admired his "Book of Quan", "Lun of Heng", "Several Strategies" and other articles, and thought they were comparable to those of Jia Yi and Liu Xiang, so he recommended them to the court. At that time, officials and officials rushed to recite it, and its reputation became very popular.
5. Su Shi, also known as Zizhan, also known as Hezhong, also known as Dongpo Jushi, Tieguan Taoist, and Hai Taoist. His representative works are "Seven Collections of Dongpo", "The Book of Changes of Dongpo" and "Dongpo". Yuefu" etc.?
Su Shi (January 8, 1037 - August 24, 1101), also known as Zizhan and Hezhong, was also known as Tieguan Taoist and Dongpo layman. He was known as Su Dongpo, Su Xian, Han nationality, was born in Meishan, Meizhou (now part of Meishan City, Sichuan Province). His ancestral home was Luancheng, Hebei Province. He was a famous writer, calligrapher and painter in the Northern Song Dynasty.
6. Su Che, also known as Ziyou, also known as Yingbin Yilao, whose representative works include "Luancheng Collection", "Collected Poems", "Longchuan Chronicles", "Analects of Confucius" and "Ancient History" ?
Su Che was born on February 20, the second year of Baoyuan (March 18, 1039). In the second year of Renzong Jiayou (1057), he and Su Shi were awarded Jinshi. Soon after his mother died, he returned home to pay filial piety. In the sixth year of Jiayou's reign (1061), he and Su Shi had the same examination system. At that time, he did not hold an official position because he was "begging to support his relatives". Later, he served as a promotion official in Daming Prefecture.
In the fifth year of Xining (1072), he served as a promotion official in Henan. In the eighth year of Yuanfeng (1085), the old party came to power. He was recalled and served as secretary of the Provincial School Secretary and Yousijian. ) settled in Yingchuan and lived a life of pastoral seclusion. He called himself "Yingbin Yi Lao" and devoted himself to reading, writing, and meditating in meditation. He died on October 3, 1112 (October 25). After his death, he was restored to the bachelor's degree of Duanming Palace and was given the posthumous title of "Wen Ding".
7. Wang Anshi, also known as Jiefu and Banshan, his representative works are "Wang Linchuan Collection", "Linchuan Collection Supplements" and "Mr. Linchuan Collection"
Wang Anshi (December 18, 1021 - May 21, 1086), courtesy name Jiefu, nickname Banshan, Han nationality, Linchuan native, a famous thinker, politician, writer, and reformer in the Northern Song Dynasty. In the second year of Qingli (1042), Wang Anshi became a Jinshi. He has successively served as Yangzhou signing magistrate, Yinxian county magistrate, Shuzhou general magistrate, etc., with remarkable political achievements.
In the second year of Xining (1069), he was appointed as the governor of political affairs. The following year, he became the prime minister and presided over the reform. Due to opposition from the conservative faction, Xi was dismissed as prime minister in the seventh year of Xining's reign (1074).
A year later, Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty took up the post again, then dismissed him and retreated to Jiangning. In the first year of Yuanyou (1086), the conservatives gained power and all new laws were abolished. Yu Ran died of illness in Zhongshan and was given posthumously to the Taifu. In the first year of Shaosheng (1094), he received the posthumous title "Wen" and was called Wang Wengong in his later life.
8. Zeng Gong, courtesy name Zigu, whose representative works are "Yuanfeng Leikuo" and "Longping Collection"?
Zeng Gong (September 30, 1019 - April 30, 1083) Day), named Zigu, Han nationality, was born in Nanfeng, Jianchang Army (now Nanfeng County, Jiangxi Province), and later lived in Linchuan. He was a writer, historian and politician in the Northern Song Dynasty.
Extended information
The title of "Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties" first appeared in the early Ming Dynasty when Zhu You selected the works of Han, Liu and others for the "Collected Works of Mr. Six". Because the three Sus were merged into one family, so It is actually "The Collected Works of Mr. Eight".
In the "Wen Bian" compiled by Tang Shunzhi in the middle of Ming Dynasty, only eight writers of Tang and Song Dynasties were included. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Mao Kuncheng and his colleagues compiled *** 160 volumes of "Eight Masters of Tang and Song Dynasty". This book was widely circulated in the old days, and the name "Eight Masters of Tang and Song Dynasty" also became popular.
Since the Ming Dynasty praised the eight schools of literature in the Tang and Song Dynasties, those who studied classical literature all regarded the eight schools as their sects. There are 164 volumes of "Eight Masters of Tang and Song Dynasty Texts" in circulation, including the Wanli edition of the Ming Dynasty and the bookstore edition of the Qing Dynasty. In the Qing Dynasty, Wei Yuan published 8 volumes of "Compilation and Commentary on Eight Great Masters' Texts of Tang and Song Dynasties".
Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan jointly initiated the "Ancient Prose Movement", so they are collectively called "Han Heyang Liu'an". Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan rose to prominence during the reign of Zhenguan and the prosperous period of Kaiyuan in the Tang Dynasty, setting off the ancient prose movement, which brought the prose of the Tang Dynasty to its peak. At that time, ancient prose writers emerged in droves, forming a climax situation in which "everyone who quits his work will turn into pearls and jade".
Baidu Encyclopedia-Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties