Tang Dynasty: Li Bai
Yuan Danqiu loves immortals and drinks clean water from Yingchuan.
Sunset is also a purple smoke of Song Cen, with 36 peaks long.
Long Xuan, Nie Hongxing, riding a dragon to get wind,
Crossing the sea, I know my heart is endless.
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The myth of Taoism often surpasses the poet's rich imagination, as if Taoist people live a fairy-like life, can get rid of all kinds of restrictions in the world, enjoy the detachment and freedom of immortals, and satisfy their own psychology and desire for freedom. This is the basic content of this poem.
"Yuan Danqiu loves immortals." It is precisely because Yuan Danqiu likes the art of wandering immortals that he has been in Songshan for a long time. The next three sentences are his exaggerated description of seeking immortality and learning Taoism in Songshan all the year round: "Drinking clear water in Yingchuan in the morning, and returning purple smoke in the evening, the thirty-six peaks are often around." In the poem, Yuan Danqiu's long-term activities in Songshan are romanticized and exaggerated into activities in one day, as if he had become an immortal and had the skill of immortal soaring. In the morning, he was still drinking water by the clear Yingchuan River. At night, he appeared at the top of Songshan Mountain, which was surrounded by purple smoke. There were traces of Yuan Danqiu on the top of the 36th peak of Songshan Mountain. Songshan Mountain in Dengfeng, Henan Province is one of the five mountains. Taoism flourished here in the Tang Dynasty. Songyangguan, Zhongyue Temple and Taoist Resort are all here. There are two mountains in Songshan, Taishi and Shao Shi, each with 36 peaks, totaling 72 peaks. In the Tang Dynasty, there were only thirty-six peaks in Songshan with names, and later more and more, but the thirty-six peaks were only a few words.
Yuan Danqiu's magical power is reflected in the following poem collection: "I wandered around for a long time and crawled into the rainbow. Riding a dragon gives birth to the wind. Yokogawa crosses the sea and connects with Tiantong. " The above poem means stepping on a star rainbow and riding a dragon. The speed is so fast that the stars flash and the lightning flashes. I only feel that the ears are born with wind. You can cross the river, fly over the sea and swim freely in the sky until you reach the mythical kingdom of heaven. This is the same as the flying dragon in Qu Yuan's Li *, that is, to yearn for freedom by soaring, and to repose ideals by wandering immortals.
The last sentence of the poem says. "I know you are endless." The meaning of "wandering heart" in Wen Yuan Hua Ying is even more obvious. It turns out that the endless journey of "Nie Hongxing", "Flying Dragon" and "Crossing the River and Crossing the Sea" is just a journey of the heart. All this is the product of the poet's imagination. It's not true. It turned out to be just a free spiritual journey. This is similar to Zhuangzi's "wandering heart" ("Zhuangzi Ze Yang": "Knowing the wandering heart is endless." ) roaming spirit is completely consistent.
This poem eulogizes Yuan Danqiu's love for immortals. "Love the immortals" is the crowning touch of the whole poem. In the poem, Yuan Danqiu is deliberately written as a fairy who can ride a dragon across the sea, expressing the poet's good wishes to his old friends and joking with them. Li Bai sincerely hopes that Yuan Danqiu is as free and happy as a fairy, which is of course Li Bai's own wish. Poetry is a ballad style, and the sentence patterns of three, three and seven make poetry more vivid and diverse. The structure of the first half and the second half of the poem overlap, which has a musical beauty of alternating length. The first sentence of the second half sentence and the entering sentence of the first half sentence also use the rhetorical device of thimble, so that the front and back paragraphs are naturally connected and integrated. This poem has a natural folk flavor and is catchy to read. It can be seen that Li Bai has made great efforts in learning folk songs, and this poem is the excellent crystallization of his learning folk songs.