1929 In the spring, Mr. Lu Zuofu, then the director of Beibei Gorge Prevention and Control Bureau, mobilized the local people to raise funds to build a park around Dongyue Temple in Huoyan Mountain. 1930 In March, Dongyue Temple was transformed into Qu Xia Museum of Western Academy of Sciences. At the same time, use the wasteland around the temple to build roads, flower beds, flowers and trees. 1March, 1930, Flame Mountain Park was established, with an area of1.33hm2.1March, 1936, it was named Beibei Civilian Park, and its area increased to 4hm2, with pavilions, flower stands, roads and animal cages. 1945 was renamed Beibei Park. After liberation, the government invested in reconstruction and expansion, and the area increased to 7.6hm2 in 1952, tea hall and skating rink were built in 1954, Zhichun Pavilion was built in 1955, and the surrounding open space was expanded in 10hm2 in spring. After decades of construction, Beibei Park has been built into a comprehensive cultural leisure park with complete functions, basically perfect facilities, various plants and colorful entertainment activities.
1 General layout and functional zoning of the park
The overall planning of the park is arranged according to two landscape axes, one is the ecological landscape axis from southwest to northeast, large-scale ecological forest areas, exhibition projects focusing on ornamental animals and birds, and children's parks. They are all planned and arranged, and their ideas reflect the ecological consciousness of the unity of man and nature. One is the axis of humanistic and artistic landscape from northwest to southeast, planning and arranging garden art scenic spots mainly for ornamental flowers and scenic spots centered on the display of historical sites in Lu Zuofu, and conceiving mountain garden landscape with rich historical and cultural connotations. The two axes are organically connected and meet in the service center and cultural activity square in the middle of the park, forming a complete and reasonable landscape and functional layout.
The park is divided into six functional areas:
(1) The plant landscape area consists of two parts. Part of it is an ecological forest scenic spot, mainly in the southwest hills. This area is rich in vegetation and basically maintains its original ecology. This is a rare botanical garden in the city center. It is planned to build a viewing tower on the mountain, overlooking the city view, river view and mountain view of Beibei. The other part is the garden landscape area dominated by plants in the center of the park, including waterfall waterscape, Zhichun Pavilion (hexagonal pavilion) and flower bonsai garden.
(2) The Animal Sightseeing Park has collected and displayed dozens of species of animals and birds over the years, reaching 335 animals of 38 species at the maximum of 1980. Later, due to the control of animal development, carnivores were moved to the city zoo, and some small animals and birds were still on display. It is planned to build a Waterfowl Pavilion, a Small Animal Exhibition Hall and a Hundred Birds River. Taking the rich trees as the environment, it has become a major feature of Beibei Park to form a beautiful state in which people and animals live in harmony in the beautiful natural landscape.
(3) The cultural activity area includes the original tea garden, skating rink and the swimming pool square in front of the hexagonal pavilion, which is a relatively flat and open area in the middle of the park. It is planned to transform the hilly terrain of the skating rink and tea garden to form a relatively open activity square and become the center of cultural service activities in the park.
(4) The scope of cultural landscape area includes Flower Avenue, cinema, Zuo Fu Garden and gazebo at the entrance of Zhongshan Road. Paying attention to garden art and historical and cultural connotation is another characteristic landscape area of the park.
(5) Children's activity area is an area where children concentrate on recreational activities.
(6) Management office area includes park office, staff dormitory, storage room and seedling breeding base, etc.
Two main scenic spots in the park
(1) The pavilion, formerly known as Cishou Pavilion, was built in 1935 and was given by relatives and friends on the 60th birthday of Mr. Lu Zuofu's mother. This is a classical two-story pavilion with columns, red walls and green tiles. 1937, the chairman of the Kuomintang government, Lin Sen, wrote the "Pavilion" tablet. 1939, Tao Xingzhi once lived here, and Fu once wrote a hymn, "Thousands of peaks and valleys are lush, and the spring waves out of the gorge are like dragons, adding a corner to the red building, and the mountains and rivers are too exquisite." It is now designated as a district-level cultural relics protection building in Beibei.
(2) Han Brick Terrace, also known as terraced fields, is located at the end of zigzag road on Tingshan Mountain, which is a good place to enjoy the scenery of Jialing River. Built during the Anti-Japanese War, they are all Han bricks (Han bricks were excavated by Maliuping Museum in Hechuan around 1937).
(3) The tea hall was built in 1954, which is a palace-style building with a brick-concrete structure. Tall trees such as Huangge, Wu Tong and Luanshu, as well as bamboo and bitter bamboo, are planted on the slope and outer square behind the tea hall. In summer, the sun is cool and the breeze is cool, which is a resort for tourists to enjoy tea and relax.
(4) Zhichun Pavilion, built in 1955, with hexagonal conical roof, wood structure and small cylindrical tile roof. Peach, plum, begonia, rhododendron and other flowers and trees are widely planted around Zhichun Pavilion. Every spring, the peach, plum and cuckoo cry blood, which is a good place for tourists to watch and relax.
(5) The skating rink was built in 1954, with an area of more than 700 m2. Tea hall to the north, mountain road to the south, and open forest lawns to the east and west. It is a place for cultural activities in the park.
(6) Fountain Square is located between Zhichun Pavilion and Tea Hall, built in 1978, with an area of over 700 m2. There is a pool in the center of the square, a fountain in the rockery in the pool, a large flower stand at the south end of the square, and flower beds on both sides of the square, which is a tourist attraction for gathering and leisure.
(7) The cinema was built in 1979 with an area of1530m2. It is a group of gardens with Jiangnan garden style, which consists of pools, curved bridges, flower stands and buildings. Chi Pan is a prominent attraction in the park, where crystal peach blossoms, red berries, weeping willows and peach blossoms are planted.
(8) Diequan Waterfall Scenic Area was built in the 1980s and is located at the end of the entrance axis of Zhongshan Road. It uses the terrain elevation difference as a rockery pool, and the waterfall flows down from the top of the rockery, with spectacular scenes and beautiful scenery.
(9) Huatao Garden was built at 1978, located on the north side of Zhichun Pavilion. It uses sloping fields to build bonsai platforms and flower racks. The road is winding, the trees in the park are towering, and there are bonsai flowers under the trees, which is a good place for tourists to visit.
(10) Zuo Fu Garden was built in 1989 and is a memorial garden for the descendants of Mr. Lu Zuofu. It is located on the flaming mountain in the north of the park. There are Mr. Wang's tomb and white marble statues in the park, and there are stone tablets behind the tomb as the motto of Mr. Fu's calligraphy. The sculpture is placed in the pool, surrounded by lawns and pines and cypresses. From the cinema to the top floor, the stairs are strewn at random, and many famous sayings and inscriptions by Mr. Fu are engraved along the way. It is a place to commemorate and show the glorious life of Mr. Lu Zuofu, a patriotic civilian industrialist in modern China, and to educate tourists on patriotism.
3 Plant landscape characteristics
Beibei Park is rich in green vegetation and has a wide variety. In particular, a number of Chongqing native tree species, such as kudzu vine, Cinnamomum camphora, Pu Shu, Luan tree and Melia azedarach, have been growing for decades and are growing well. At the same time, there are rich species of wild flowering shrubs and ground cover plants on the slopes and valleys of the park. Hypericum, Hydrangea, Illicium verum, Mume, Tang Di, Lonicera japonica, Hydrangea, Eupatorium odoratum, Coreopsis, Polygonum hydropiper and various ferns form a natural and wild plant ecological community landscape with tall trees, which has become a rare landscape in other parks. Over the past decades, through the painstaking efforts of landscape workers in past dynasties, the park has gradually formed a number of scenic spots with the theme of plant landscaping, such as: welcoming guests with flowers, osmanthus fragrans, fighting butterflies with begonia, waterfalls and bamboo shadows, urging spring with peaches and plums, Cui Wei Mingxia, banyan music scene, bamboo shadow breeze, orchid fragrance, secluded valley singing, cypress loyalty, Ginkgo Millennium, plum shadow lotus wave and so on.
In 2000, Beibei Park celebrated its 70th anniversary. With the development of urban construction, Beibei Park, as the central green space of the city, plays an important role in improving the urban ecological environment, shaping the image of the city, serving citizens' leisure and entertainment, and popular science education. Recently, the Beibei District Government has organized the adjustment of the planning of Beibei Park, and actively started to raise reconstruction funds. I believe that in the near future, Beibei Park will be built into an oasis in the center of the city with beautiful ecological landscape, rich cultural heritage in Lu Zuofu and fragrant flowers.