"The Four Nobles of Shangshan" refers to four famous hermits who lived in Shangshan at the end of Qin Dynasty, namely Dongyuan Gong, Qili Chicken, Li. "Hao" means white beard. By the early Han Dynasty, they were over 80 years old. Liu Bang, Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty, wanted to abolish Liu Yuxin (later Emperor Huidi of the Han Dynasty) and adopted Zhang to invite Shangshan Sihao to travel with the prince. As a result, Liu Bang thought that Liu Ying was full-fledged, so he dismissed the idea of abolishing the Prince. Mr. Shen Congwen used the newly unearthed cultural relics as evidence. From the Han Dynasty to the Six Dynasties, the four nobles of Shangshan were usually called the four nobles of Nanshan: First, the Japanese dug a bamboo basket in the Han tomb excavated in North Korea, with four nobles painted on it, next to the sum of the four nobles of Nanshan; First of all, a brick tomb of the Southern Dynasties was unearthed in Dengxian County, Henan Province, with the relief of Shi Zhuan's "Four Nobles in Nanshan" in regular script. Here, the author added another piece of information. Cui Qi, a native of the Eastern Han Dynasty (living from 104 to 158), wrote the Fu of Four Gentlemen, and said at the beginning: "Once upon a time, there were four famous people in Nanshan, including Mr. Geili, Mr. Qi, and Mr. Dongyuan." (Quoted from Notes on the Afterlife of Shu, Volume 11)
How did Shangshan change its name to Nanshan? What is the relationship between Shangshan and Nanshan? Shen Shi did not mention it. Case, the original Nanshan refers to Zhong Nanshan, extending from Taibai Mountain to Shangling, including Shangshan; The hiding place of the Four Nobles is Shangshan, south of Chang 'an, the capital of Han Dynasty, so it can also be called Nanshan Four Nobles, which is not contradictory.
Tao Yuanming retired from office and returned to the field, picking chrysanthemums under the hedge, and leisurely remembered the four predecessors of Nanshan, who were also hermits. According to poetic theory, Xun belongs to the positive solution of direct interpretation. The author contacted Tao Yuanming, who once wrote a book "Supplementary Records of Sages", which listed the names of four famous people, showing his admiration for the four people, and it is more likely to use Nanshan as an allusion in his poems.
It is not advisable for later generations to associate Nanshan with the Four big noble. For example, Gao Shi Zhuan said: "There are four famous monuments and shrines on Gaoche Mountain, all of which were built by Emperor Hui of Han Dynasty. After the Han Dynasty, Zhang went to Nanshan to see Sihao, and became famous all over the world because of his high cars and mountains. " Another example is Tang Li Bai's poem "The Tomb of Fan Xuan": "Send Wan Li's heart to the Yangtze River, and he will visit Nanshan Hao in 2008"; Xu Ming Chao's "Tong Jiahui": "I am like Ganoderma lucidum, * * * works for Nanshan." Both.
After Nanshan was expensive, there was a move of supporting politics, which Tao Yuanming regarded as a saint. "leisurely see Nanshan", behind the leisurely idleness, when there are secrets, I have an emperor's heart in the grass. This is a complex that the poet can't give up and can't resolve with his life.