Teaching Plan 1
Teaching Objectives
1. Understand and analyze the images of Fan Jin and Hu Butcher (before and after comparison).
2. Understand the serious poison of the feudal imperial examination system to intellectuals.
3. Learn the art of sharp contrast and high degree of irony.
4. Understand the poison of the imperial examination system in feudal society to intellectuals, and criticize the social customs of feudal society that tend to follow the crowd.
Important and difficult points in teaching
1. Comparison of the images of Fan Jin and Hu Butcher (key points).
2. Understand the serious poison of the feudal imperial examination system to intellectuals.
Teaching process
First lesson
1. Introduction of new lesson
Introducing the author Wu Jingzi and "The Scholars"
1. Wu Jingzi (1701-1754), also known as Minxuan and Wenmu, was born in Quanjiao, Anhui and was a novelist in the Qing Dynasty.
2. "The Scholars" is my country's first chapter-length satirical novel, with fifty-five chapters. The text is excerpted from the second half of the third chapter. The original title is "Zhou Xuetong's School Scholar Uncovers True Talents" , the butcher commits murder and brings good news.”
"Rulin" refers to the class of scholars. The whole book "The Scholars" takes feudal intellectuals as its main target and describes their life and mental state. Most of the characters in the book are based on real people at that time. The whole story does not have a backbone, but there is a core that runs through it, which is to oppose the feudal imperial examinations and feudal ethics, and to satirize the extremely hypocritical social atmosphere caused by the passion for fame. The work has created many typical characters, such as Zhou Jin, Fan Jin, Mr. Ma Er, Yan Jiansheng and so on. In the history of Chinese literature, especially satirical novels, this book received high praise. Although the novel is set in the Ming Dynasty, it reflects the social reality of the Qing Dynasty.
3. Introduction to the imperial examination system in the Ming and Qing dynasties
Children’s Examination—Xiucai (Sheng Yuan, Xiangong, and Enrollment)
The formal imperial examination is divided into three levels, namely Provincial examination, general examination, palace examination. Their first place names are Jieyuan, Huiyuan and Zhuangyuan respectively.
2. Overall Perception
Perceive the following issues based on reading the text.
1. Around the central event of "passing the imperial examination", in chronological order, what two parts can the novel be divided into?
Before and after the imperial examination
< p> 2. Tell me what you wrote before and after passing the exam? Use a four-character phrase to summarize it.The butcher congratulates Fan Jin for borrowing money. Fan Jin goes mad and the butcher cures the mad squire.
3. In reading this novel, which character do you think is the most ridiculous and disgusting?
The Butcher Hu
4. What is so funny about the Butcher Hu? Find out the sentences in the text to answer and classify them.
The titles given to Fan Jin: "a living treasure" - "a wise son-in-law".
Description of Fan Jin's appearance: "a sharp mouth and monkey cheeks" - "talented and learned, good appearance"
Congratulatory gifts: "a large intestine and a bottle of wine" - "seven "Eight pounds of meat, four to five thousand dollars."
Actions: "Going away with an embarrassment", "Spitting in the face, scolding a bloody nozzle" - "Pouring two bowls of wine in a row," Be brave", "The hands started to tremble", "Thinking about it for a long time, I bowed my head and went away with a smile"
Attitude towards my daughter's marriage: "Unlucky", "I'm tired "How much", "poor and pitiful" - the daughter is somewhat blessed
5. Butcher Hu's performance can be summarized in four words, which four words?
Arrogant at first and respectful at the end.
6. What techniques of expression are used in the novel? What kind of character does the butcher Hu show?
Through comparison, it shows that the butcher Hu bullies the poor and loves the rich, loves money as much as life, and follows the trend of others. A money-grubbing and hypocritical philistine character.
7. What kind of people do the changes in the neighbors show? What kind of social atmosphere do they express?
The whole society is indifferent and snobbish. There is an air of indifference and coolness.
8. What kind of person is Mr. Zhang? What is his purpose for doing this?
He is a sanctimonious old man and a treacherous man. He and Fan Jin call themselves brothers in order to gain access to Grand Master Fan Jin. Zhou Xuedao and Yang Zhixian came to consolidate and expand their power to pave the way for future career development.
9. What does the change in Zhang Xiangshen’s attitude towards Fan Jin reflect?
It reflects the fact that the official circles formed cliques for personal gain, officials colluded and cheated on each other
Three , Class Summary
The changes in the three types of people in the novel reflect that people at that time tried their best to flatter the rich and powerful, but were indifferent to the poor and powerless. It shows the harshness of the world under the imperial examination system. This is exactly the social environment in which Fan Jin lives. So, what kind of person is Fan Jin? The students first read and analyze it themselves.
4. Assign homework
1. Self-read and analyze Fan Jin’s image.
2. Understand the techniques used in the novel.
Second lesson
1. Review and consolidation
2. Teaching new lessons
1. Read the text quickly and underline the description Jin's related content, tell us what kind of person Fan Jin is?
He is selfish and hypocritical, passionate about fame and wealth, and dreams of joining the ranks of the ruling class.
The family had no food, but he still had to take the provincial examination, ignoring his mother and wife who were hungry. This shows that he was eager to envy fame and wealth.
2. Why did Fan Jin go crazy? What does this mean?
This is crazy for joy. Fan Jin won the election, and once the decades of poverty and humiliation changed, he went crazy with surprise.
This shows that his soul was deeply poisoned by the feudal imperial examination system.
After being elected, Fan Jin has begun to become a new man in feudal society. He got the fame and wealth he wanted, but he also immediately showed hypocrisy, smooth and sophisticated character, and his attitude towards the butcher Hu changed. , and being brothers with Zhang Jingzhai, this shows that he has been corrupted, assimilated and complicit in the imperial examination system.
3. Fan Jin was so happy and crazy when he won the election, so is it a comedy or a tragedy?
From the perspective of a person's destiny, Fan Jin's success is beneficial to him and has changed. His fate, but looking at the scholars at that time through Fan Jin, tragedies are common. If you fail to win or become a madman or fool after winning, it is a real tragedy. On the surface, it is a comedy, but in essence, it is a tragedy. From a personal point of view, it is Fan Jin’s tragedy to waste his life in the imperial examination system. It is a tragedy for the country and the nation to bind intellectuals within the framework of the imperial examination system and stifle their independent personality and free soul.
4. There are many places in the article that make people laugh. Why does it have such an effect? ??What artistic techniques were used?
Satire. The biggest feature of this article is its satirical art. Sarcasm can take many forms: contrast, exaggeration, irony, and direct realism. This article mainly uses three methods: contrast, exaggeration and detailed description, direct realism.
(1) Contrast: The analysis in the previous lesson centered on Fan Jin’s huge changes in wealth, poverty, joy and sorrow, honor and disgrace before and after he passed the imperial examination. The relationship between the characters is a sharp contrast between "cold" and "hot" , and Fan Jin's personal change from submissive to sleek and sophisticated.
(2) Exaggeration: Fan Jin was so happy that he went crazy, and a slap from the butcher Hu could cure his madness.
(3) Detailed descriptions are direct and realistic: line drawing-style detailed descriptions, such as "The butcher saw that the back of his son-in-law's clothes was wrinkled a lot, so he lowered his head and pulled it for him more than a dozen times." "Putting out the silver." He clenched his fist tightly and stretched it out. "Contradictory details are described, such as before Fan Jin was elected, butcher Hu left Fan Jin's house, "The butcher put on his clothes and went away with his belly empty"; after Fan Jin was elected, butcher Hu left. Fan Jinjia "said for a while, thanked him profusely, lowered his head, and left with a smile." Exaggerated details describe that after the butcher slapped him, he could not bend his palm. Fan Jin's detailed description. The performance when selling chickens and when going crazy allows us to realize the pedantic, pathological and abnormal psychology of the people under the feudal imperial examination system.
3. Class Summary
The novel takes Fan Jin’s passing as the central event, and contrasts and depicts Fan Jin’s situation before and after he passes the passing exam. It vividly depicts the people around him, especially the people around him. The different behaviors of Fan Jin's father-in-law Hu Tutu before Fan Jin passed the exam and after he passed the exam reflected the state of the world and the hearts of the Chinese people at that time, and exposed the poison of the imperial examination system in feudal society to scholars.
4. Assign homework Lesson plan 2
Teaching objectives
1. Touch the inner world of the characters through reading the language.
2. Form multiple dialogues, reveal the poison of the feudal imperial examination system to intellectuals, and criticize the feudal society's tendency to follow the trend.
Teaching focus
1. Understand how to create characters through descriptive techniques such as language and action.
2. Touch the inner world of the characters through reading the language.
Teaching process
1. Poetry introduction:
There is such a poem in Gao Ming's "Pipa Ji": "I am a farmer in the morning, and I ascend to the emperor's hall in the evening. . "What do you think it means? (In the morning, he was still working in the fields, but in the evening, he had already risen to the top, went to the palace to pay homage to the emperor, and became a noble man.)
What can make people have such great power? What happened to such a big change in life? The imperial examination system.
Today, let’s take a look at the life changes of Fan Jin, who passed the exam.
Blackboard writing topic: "Fan Jin passed the exam".
2. Problem solving:
Emphasize the importance of the title to the article: the title is the eye of the article and a high-level summary of the ideological content of the article. Therefore, we must pay attention to the understanding of the topic, which will help us better understand the content of the article, so as to achieve a fast and efficient reading effect of "seeing the whole leopard at a glance".
(1) Analysis of "Fan Jin":
"Jin" means advancement and progress. There is also the term "Jinshi" in the imperial examination. The first sentence of the article also says: "Fan Jin enters school." go home".
From this point of view, do you think Fan Jin’s name contains his wishes?
(Additional note: Fan Jin started taking the exam at the age of 20. He entered the exam room every year and experienced countless hopes and disappointments. The imperial examination has become a mechanical action for Fan Jin year after year. It can be said that Fan Jin spent most of his life in the pursuit of the imperial examination! The imperial examination made him mentally numb and mentally weak. "Poem", he knew almost nothing and could do nothing. He lost himself and lost his basic personal dignity; he was struggling at the bottom of society, relying on the food he got to feed his family. However, he had no psychological preparation. At that time, the god of fate suddenly came to visit. At the age of 54, he not only passed the exam to become a scholar, but also rose to the top and became a "master"!)
(2) Analysis of "winning the exam":
Scholars and scholars of the past are not the same as each other. Once a person wins the imperial examination, his father will be the (old) grandpa, his father will be the master, and his son will be the young master. Therefore, there is a saying that "if you win the imperial examination in one life, you will be the master in the third life." Winning the imperial examination means that you have already stepped into the official career. Even if you fail in the examination, you will still have the opportunity to become an academic official or a county magistrate.
3. Overall perception: Read the text quickly and underline the relevant content describing Fan Jin.
4. Analysis of "Fan Jin went crazy in Zhongju"
(1) After reading the text, students, may I ask: Which plot impressed you the most?
Default: The central plot of "Fan Jin goes crazy".
Ask the students to vividly retell the ugly behavior of Fan Jin who went crazy after passing the exam.
(2) Why can it leave a deep impression on us? (Students analyze a series of actions)
Simple summary: Fan Jin is crazy, crazy in a unique way: < /p>
Crazy action: I clapped my hands together and laughed----clapped my hands and laughed----clapping my hands and laughed
Crazy language: Ouch!- ---Okay!----I got it!
Levels of madness: fainting----running like crazy----falling----walking like crazy Episode 1
< p> In short, because the author's description is very delicate, vivid and expressive, it left a deep impression on us.(3) How to treat this kind of madness?
The reporter calmly proposed rescue methods after Fan Jin went crazy, which shows that he has seen similar situations. This is the typical significance of Fan Jin's image. From this Fan Jin, we see the image of a group of Confucian scholars who are "lovely, famous, wealthy and charming."
(4) If you are successful, you should be happy to become an official. However, why did Fan Jin suddenly go crazy after reading the post about being promoted? Do you think his unusual behavior at that time was normal? Or is it abnormal? (Guide students to focus on three short sentences.)
① Can you get inspiration from a piece of language used by Fan Jinzhongju when he went crazy?
(Crazy language: Ouch!----Okay!----I hit!)
②Which word in this paragraph of language do you think explains the root cause of Fan Jin's madness?
Default 1: "中"! Because I won the exam, I was so happy that I went crazy.
Default 2: The word "good"! The superficial reason for going crazy is the "middle"; and the fundamental reason why "middle" triggers Fan's madness is the word "good". Because after "winning", there will be countless benefits. You no longer need to go hungry and cold, but you can sit back and enjoy the benefits.
(5) Read the passage "Fan Jin went crazy" together
(6) (Assign homework) Please combine the text with the text and try to analyze the following questions:
(1) When Mr. Fan Jinzhong came home, did he ever say "good"? Did he go crazy? Why?
(2) What changes happened to Fan Jin after he won the imperial examination? Can you see and understand "good" clearly? "The connotation of "?
(3) Please imagine what Fan Jin might have thought of at the moment when he shouted "Okay"? If you want to know the detailed explanation, please break it down in the next section. Lesson Plan 3
1. Introduction to review
2. Focus on analyzing Fan Jin, and incidentally analyze the characters of Hu Butcher, Zhang Xiangshen, etc.
⑴ Then, around this With the word "good", students are asked to think about the following questions. 1. When Mr. Fan Jinzhong came home, did he ever say "good"? Did he go crazy? Why?
Default: He didn't say "good" and he didn't go crazy. Because Zhong Xianggong did not change his economic status and social status.
⑵ What was his economic status and social status before passing the exam? Find the original sentence from the text.
Preset 1: The economic situation is very poor: living in a "thatched hut"; eating "side dishes and rice"; "I wonder if you have eaten lard two or three times"; going to the countryside for a test and returning home, " My family has been hungry for two or three days."
Preset 2: The social status is very low: Butcher Hu called him a "worldly treasure", "a toad" and "a sharp-mouthed monkey cheek", and "spit" at him, but he was still "submissive".
⑶ However, under such circumstances, he secretly participated in the provincial examination. What does this mean? (Default: extreme enthusiasm for fame.
)
Transition: The above are Fan Jin's various performances before he passed the exam. He has not yet gotten the "fame" he wanted, so he neither said "good" nor went crazy. Let’s look at question 2. What changes happened to Fan Jin after he won the imperial examination? Let’s analyze it from two aspects: economic status and social status.
Preset 1: The economic situation has improved significantly: neighbors "some brought eggs, some brought liquor, some brought rice on their backs, and some caught two chickens... and moved some tables "Stool, please sit down and drink with those who have registered"; Butcher Hu "carried seven or eight kilograms of meat and four to five thousand yuan"; Squire Zhang gave him silver and a house.
Presumption 2: The social status has also been significantly improved: the neighbors came to help and called him "Master Fan"; the butcher Hu called him "Wenquxing" and "the good son-in-law"; Squire Zhang called him brother and sister.
⑶ (Affirm the student’s answer, and make a brief summary) Especially Hu Butcher is a completely different person, and Mr. Zhang, whom he has never met before, also gave money and a house. Do you think they are hypocritical or sincere? Of? Why?
Default: hypocritical. They fawned over Fan Jin because Fan Jin "won" and "got well", which was good for them.
Teacher: What words can we use to describe them?
Default: Follow the crowd, hate the poor and love the rich.
⑷At this time, what is Fan Jin's attitude towards these people's flattery?
Default: Fan Jin changed the title of Hu Butcher from "father-in-law" to "dad" "In the past, I bowed to the field workers and dung collectors at the door of my house and were on equal footing, but now I meet Squire Zhang freely." It seems that Fan Jin is not an honest character! Instead, he is hypocritical and smooth.
⑸Through a series of analyses, we can clearly see that Fan Jin's life has undergone earth-shaking changes after passing the national examination. Can you tell me what the connotation of Fan Jin's shouting "good" when he went crazy was in the exam? (Please pay attention to the before and after comparison of the table)
Default: The connotation is: as long as he wins the exam, his economic status and social status will change from now on. Completely changed. In the past, he was poor and despised by thousands of people, but now he enjoys endless glory and wealth, and many people are fawning over him.
⑹That’s it. So please imagine what Fan Jin might have thought of when he shouted "Okay"?
(Students should use their imagination as much as possible, and the teacher should pay attention to the guidance and not go too far)
p>
⑺In the final analysis, the word "good" shows how many ideological activities Fan Jin had at that moment. It is no exaggeration to say that the sweet and bitter desires in the first half of the life and the prosperity and wealth that are about to come in the second half of the life all rolled through Fan Jin's mind like lightning with the sound of "good". The word "good" brings to life the image of Fan Jin, an intellectual in a feudal society who was obsessed with fame and wealth, and who was obsessed with promotion and wealth. This is the author's finishing touch!
3. Analyze the theme of this article
⑴Based on the above analysis, who do you think made Fan Jin suffer ridicule, and who made Fan Advance to the top? What problem does all this tell you?
Default: Feudal imperial examination system! The feudal imperial examination system poisons intellectuals.
(Follow-up question) Only intellectuals? What about the butchers?
Presumption: It also poisoned the people.
⑵Yes! The feudal imperial examination system poisoned not only scholars, but also illiterate common people like Hu butcher and neighbors. This shows that the poison of feudal imperial examinations has penetrated into every corner of society, not only causing scholars to go crazy, but also leading to the hot and cold world of the society at that time.
There is a couplet as evidence, please read: "Recalling last year's famine, in May, June and July, the firewood and rice were all withered, I was destitute, I couldn't get credit, I couldn't owe anything, even though I had close relatives and distant relatives, who could Are you willing to provide help in times of need? Fortunately, in the first, second and third exams of the imperial examination, all the articles are in order, and I won the first place in the Five Classics. My name and surname are also fragrant. I don't care about Zhang, Li, and Li, they are all the icing on the cake." It's no exaggeration to write.
4. Expansion exercises
1. Some people think: Fan Jin won the exam and everyone was happy. The so-called "great joy" is actually his personal "great tragedy" and even the "great tragedy" of the nation and the country. Give your opinion on this point.
2. If Fan Jin fails to pass the exam, what kind of situation will he have? Try to describe it, the number of words should be about 400 words.