This must be the right thing to do
From Li Shangyin's "Jin Se"
The Jin Se has fifty strings for no reason, each string and one column reflects the past.
Zhuang Sheng was fascinated by butterflies in his morning dream, and he looked forward to the emperor's spring heart filled with cuckoos.
The bright moon in the sea has tears, and the warm sun in Lantian produces smoke.
This feeling can be recalled later, but it was already at a loss at that time.
——Li Shangyin's "Jin Se"
"Jin Se" is one of the most controversial poems in the history of Chinese poetry. This poem is famous for its obscurity of meaning and hazy artistic conception. It also has its unique hazy beauty and rich suggestiveness, which has attracted poetry critics and annotators of all ages to try to uncover her mysterious veil again and again.
Most of Li Shangyin's poems are difficult to understand, but "Jin Se" is the first among them. The use of allusions is one of the main reasons why Li Shangyin's poems are difficult to understand. Because Li Shangyin's poems often use allusions sentence by sentence, and when using allusions, they "often use them secretly, borrow or inflect them" or even use one allusion for multiple purposes. Therefore, the meaning of the poem is often different from the meaning expressed in the original allusion. The poem "Jin Se" quotes more than one allusion, and these allusions have been integrated by the poet, "created by subjective imagination, to embody a new artistic conception. It has separated from the historical concept of time and space in the original text and exists independently. This article will summarize and analyze the comments made by poetic commentators of the past dynasties on this poem, and try to interpret and appreciate it by analyzing the use of allusions in this poem.
Solution to the problem
In the poems before the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties, the relationship between the poem and the title was relatively loose. However, starting from the Tang Dynasty, the relationship between the poem and the title began to be closely integrated. The verses not only "translate the title" "Every word is written", "and the understanding of poetry often relies on the clues provided by the title." On the other hand, since the titles during the Tang and Song Dynasties were mostly clear, "the vague titles often hint at the poetic meaning of the poem but have something else to point to."
The title of the poem "Jin Se" It has also caused a lot of controversy. Many commentators believe that the title "Jin Se" is only named after the first two characters of this poem, which is actually the same as the untitled poem. For example, "Dan Zhou Poetry": "Yishan is good at untitled or untitled poems with allegorical meanings, but does not necessarily refer to the actual meaning. "Jin Se" is a special song. The method is the same as the three poems in "Bicheng"...the same Taking the first two characters as the title actually has no title." Yu Shouzhen and Shi Zhecun also agree with this. Although this theory is reasonable, it also has flaws. Since Li Shangyin intended it to be an untitled poetry style, why not also name poems that are similar in style and approach to untitled poems "untitled"? Therefore, although "Jin Se" seems to take only two words as its title, it actually has its own meaning. This poem is indeed different from ordinary poems chanting things, but it is also not an untitled poem that simply "cuts off the first two characters" to create a metaphor without any reference to the literal words. Although the things written are related to Se, they have some sustenance.
Appreciation
Ji Xiaolan commented: "It starts with 'Sihua Nian' and is summarized by the word 'this feeling'. There is joy in the beginning and obstacles in the middle. Therefore, it was written in retrospect."
This is a tragic song of life performed by an ambitious and talented poet while recalling a tragic topic. The whole article is shrouded in a thick layer of emotion, sad, melancholy and hazy, reflecting the tragic psychology of upright yet weak intellectuals in a decadent era; they are both dissatisfied with the oppression of the environment and unable to resist the environment; both He pursues imagination, but feels empty and disillusioned at times; he is deeply saddened by his own tragic fate and confused about the causes of the tragedy.
From an overall perspective, the nature of this poem is similar to that of the poet’s chapter in which he holds things in his own place. However, when he looked back on the passage of time, he did not use the usual way of narrating his life, but instead transformed his tragic life experience and tragic psychology into independent and evident pictures. These pictures are characterized by the vividness and richness of images, as well as the vague, abstract and hazy connotations. This makes them not only lack the clarity of ordinary lyrical methods, but also have richer suggestiveness than ordinary lyrical methods, and can arouse readers' associations in many aspects. However, these vague symbolic pictures are constrained within the scope of "sihua years" and "wandering". Therefore, some specific differences in readers' feelings and understandings do not affect the overall understanding of the poet's tragic life experience. A tragic situation. The clarity of the overall meaning and the ambiguity of the local meaning, the clarity of the symbolic picture and the ambiguity of the symbolic meaning constitute the greatest characteristics of the poem. At the same time, the advantages and disadvantages of the poem are also contained in it.
What Ji Xiaolan calls "the four sentences in the middle are confusing and confused, the so-called 'wandering'." Indeed, the most elusive and uncertain part of the poem is the four sentences in the middle. If we think about it carefully, it is not difficult to find that the symbolic picture displayed in these four sentences has the characteristics of the trinity of poetry, painting, and music in terms of image composition and implication. They all use the language and consistency of poetry to combine brocade and beauty. Se's various artistic conceptions are transformed into vivid pictures to summarize and express the various life realms and feelings he experienced during his Chinese years, and to convey his feelings of confusion, sadness, loneliness, and melancholy during his Chinese years. This is similar to the expression technique of the Western Cubist painter Picasso's masterpiece "GUERNICA".
We all know that "Guernica" is a painting about war experience. "The content of this painting is to use symbolic techniques to reflect universal violence, and of course to reflect the tragedy of Guernica, and this The form of the painting, as we have seen, is to break the opposition between inside and outside and to establish a kind of uncertainty and ambiguity." When expressing the pain caused by the war to people, the painter managed "from the extreme It is such a process that it is difficult to express pain. There are many open mouths in the painting that seem to be shouting, indicating great pain, but this is a painting, and there is no sound through these open mouths and extensions. Tongue, Picasso seems to be saying, I want to express, express this fear, but art cannot achieve this purpose, all I can do is 'I want to express'. Painting cannot make a sound, cannot speak, so what the artist has to do. It is to show the voiceless cry. Picasso wanted to make his art reach the intensity of direct expression and make the art full of power, but painting could not do it, so he could only express this voiceless cry." (So. We have every reason to believe that poets want to express their confusion, sadness, loneliness and melancholy, but it is impossible for poets to shout "I am confused" or "I am in pain" because poetry is more important than being subtle, and hysterical calls and shouts are successful. It is poetic. Therefore, the poet must externalize his inner pain through objects, that is, form images. Of course, the poet has many choices about the objects he needs. He may use a specific five-scented fragrance to express his inner feelings, which makes the objects he chooses uncertain and ambiguous. The poet wants his poems to express his inner pain to the extent that he can directly say that the Lord is coming. In this way, like Picasso, he encountered the problem of "from extreme pain to difficulty of expression". The poet chose those vague symbolic pictures to express the pain he suffered in his heart. Likewise, poetry is a stagnant language, and she was written in. There is no sound on paper. All the poet can do is "I want to express" and express this soundless cry through Jinse. Therefore, these pictures have the triple suggestion of musical artistic conception, picture image and poetic image. The integration and unity of hints make their meanings particularly rich and complex, and on the other hand they have the beauty of the three. It can be said that the symbolic hints of the trinity of poetry, painting and music are the fundamental characteristics of the overall conception of the poem. Failure to grasp this characteristic and simply exploring it from the perspective of poetry will inevitably lead to misunderstandings.
Although the symbolic picture shown in the middle couplet has no fixed order and logical relationship in terms of time, space, and emotion, But they all have a sentiment of pathos and confusion. Coupled with the neat antithesis, the desolate rhyme and related images and other factors, the whole poem still has an obvious sense of wholeness, and the emotion of pathos is closely related to the roundness and beauty of the poem. The harmonious combination of exquisite and elegant poetic language makes this poem embody a sad beauty.