Chengdu Wuhou Temple, located in Wuhou Temple Street at the south gate of Chengdu, Sichuan, is composed of Liu Bei, Zhuge Liang, Shu Han, the monarch and minister, and Hui Ling. Built in 223 AD, the tomb of Liu Bei was completed. Wuhou Temple (referring to Zhuge Liang's dedicated temple) was built before the Tang Dynasty, and was originally adjacent to Zhaolie Temple (Emperor Zhaolie of Han Dynasty) where Liu Bei was sacrificed. Du Fu, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, once wrote a poem for this purpose: "Where is the Hall of Fame, deep in the pine forest next to Silk City". When it was rebuilt in the early Ming Dynasty, Wuhou Temple was merged into the "Han Zhaolie Temple", forming the existing Wuhou Temple, which is the temple of monarch and minister. The main building of the existing temple was rebuilt from 65438 to 0672 during the reign of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty (the 11th year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty). 196 1 was announced as a national key cultural relics protection unit. Founded in 1984, the museum was awarded the first batch of national first-class museums in 2008, enjoying the reputation of "Holy Land of the Three Kingdoms". Chengdu Wuhou Temple is now divided into three parts: the cultural relic area (the historical site area of the Three Kingdoms), the garden area (the cultural experience area of the Three Kingdoms) and Jinli (the folk custom area of Jinli), with an area of about 6.5438+0.5 million square meters. Wuhou Temple in Chengdu is the main attraction of China to commemorate Zhuge Liang, the prime minister of Shu and Han Dynasties, and also a major tourist attraction in Chengdu. Chengdu Wuhou Temple is the most influential museum of cultural relics of the Three Kingdoms in China, which is most famous for its "three wonders" of writing, calligraphy and engraving.
Wuhou Temple (referring to Zhuge Liang's dedicated temple) is adjacent to Zhao Lie Temple and Liu Bei's Tomb (Hui Ling) in Han Dynasty. The whole Wuhou Temple faces south, and there are five buildings, namely the main building gate, the second floor, the Han Zhaolie Hall, the lobby and Wuhou Temple, which are strictly arranged on a central axis, from south to north. Liu Bei Dian is the tallest and most magnificent building. There are buildings such as Sanyi Hall and Jieyi Building behind Wuhou Temple.
The plaque at the gate is "Han Zhaolie Temple". There are six stone tablets in the shade between the main entrance and the second door, and there is a stele gallery on each side. In the stele gallery on the west side, the Ming monument is named "Zhuge Wu Hou Zu Monument". It was founded in the 26th year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty (AD 1547). Zhang, governor of Sichuan, wrote that there was a seat under the monument. On the east side of the tablet gallery is the Tang Dynasty tablet of Zhuge Wuhou, Prime Minister of Shu Han Dynasty, which is 367 cm high and 95 cm wide. It was founded in the 4th year of Yuanhe in Tang Xianzong (AD 809) and has high cultural value. It is a national first-class cultural relic. Inscriptions are divided into preface and inscription. Because of its superb skills in writing, calligraphy and seal cutting, it is called "Three Monuments". The "Three Monuments" are the most precious cultural relics in the temple. Pei Du, the famous prime minister of the Tang Dynasty, wrote the inscription, and the calligrapher Liu Gongzhuo (the younger brother of Liu Gongquan) and the famous craftsman LuJian all came from famous artists. Because of its excellent writing, exquisite calligraphy and exquisite carving, this monument is called the Three Wonders Monument of the Ming Dynasty. The inscription focuses on Zhuge Liang's life; I strongly praise Zhuge Liang's integrity and martial arts to inspire the rulers of the Tang Dynasty. The inscription especially praised Zhuge Liang's thought of rule of law. Ma Su was beheaded and put to death by Zhuge Liang because he lost his street pavilion, and Ma Su cried and confessed his grievances. Li Yan and Liao Li are both sinners exiled by Zhuge Liang, but they are also willing to plead guilty. When they learned that Zhuge Liang had died of illness, they "either hurt, cry or die." These are historical facts, and Pei Du commented on them according to history. What is convincing is that the inscription is very incisive and fluent, which makes people never tire of reading it. Zhuge Liang was admired by later generations because of his noble thoughts, decent style and no abuse of power for personal gain.
Behind the second door is Liu Bei Hall, which is a building with a single eaves and built on the mountain. The book "Make the monarch a hero in the world" written by Yan Yan Shi Chong in the Qing Dynasty is located in Zhaolie Hall: "Make the monarch a hero in the world, return to the orthodox family, and build a mulberry cart in the royal bell tower; Bashu is the end of the Han dynasty, and adherents are still there, dominating the ancestral temple of Cooper. In the middle of the hall is a gilded statue of Liu Bei, and on the left is his grandson Liu Chen. Why did his son Liu Chan, the late ruler of Shu and Han, have no position here? It is said that Liu Chan was unable to keep his legacy because of his stupidity and incompetence. His image was destroyed several times in the Song and Ming Dynasties, and has never been reshaped. When destroyed by Wei, his son Liu Chen went to Liu Bei's grave to cry and worship, killed his family and committed suicide. On both sides of the temple, there are statues of Guan Yu, his son and Zhou Cang in the east, and three generations of Zhang Fei's grandparents and grandchildren in the west. On both sides of the east-west corridor, there are 14 statues of civil servants and military commanders in Shu and Han dynasties respectively. On the east side, Langfang, a civilian, is headed by Pang Tong, and on the west side, the gallery of military commanders is headed by Zhao Yun.
There are several steps behind Liu Bei's main hall (Wuhou Temple is lower than Han Zhaolie Temple, symbolizing the relationship between monarch and minister in ancient times), which is a main hall with a plaque of Wuhou Temple. The couplets on both sides of the main hall: "The three sons call on the important ministers to talk about state affairs and ancient and modern feelings", the first part is Du Fu's poems, and the second part is written by Dong. Written by Dong. Wuhou Temple is the ancestral temple to commemorate Zhuge Liang, the prime minister of Shu during the Three Kingdoms period. Zhuge Liang was named "marquis of Wuhou" before his death. Later, posthumous title was named "Zhongwu", so the ancestral temple in memory of him was called "marquis of Wuhou". On Zhuge Liang's hall, there is a plaque with the name hanging in the universe, and on both sides is the book "Attack on the Heart" written by Zhao Fan in the Qing Dynasty: "If you can attack the heart, you will be self-defeating. Since ancient times, you have known that soldiers are not good at fighting; Don't judge the situation, temper leniency with severity, and you have to think deeply in the future. " Couplets are famous couplets. By analyzing and summarizing the successes and failures of Zhuge Liang, the political power and Liu Zhang's political power, we remind future generations to learn from the experience and lessons of their predecessors when governing Shu, especially to pay attention to "attacking the heart" and "sizing up the situation". The main hall is dedicated to the statues of three generations of Zhuge Liang. In the center of the hall, there is a gilded statue of Zhuge Liang, wearing a nylon scarf and holding a feather fan. According to legend, the three bronze drums in front of him were made by Zhuge Liang when he led the army south, and they were called "Zhuge Drum". There are exquisite patterns on the drums, which are precious historical relics. The top beam of the main hall is made of ebony. The Book of Commandments written by Zhuge Liang to his son Zhuge Zhan says that "you can't realize your ambition without seclusion, and you can't realize your lofty ideal without despising worldly fame and fortune". Zhuge Zhan and his son were killed in the battle between Mianzhu and Wei General Deng Ai.
On the west side of Zhuge Liang Hall is the tomb of Liu Bei, which is called "Hui Ling" in history. Zhuge Liang personally chose the treasure land and buried Liu Bei here. Biography of the Three Kingdoms records: "In August, Hui Ling was buried". According to the posthumous law, "Love the people like children, so it is called" Hui ",so Liu Bei's tomb was named" Hui ". Liu Bei's two wives, Gan and Wu, were also buried in the mausoleum. In front of Liu Bei's tomb, there is a stone tablet of "Tomb of Han Zhaolie" erected during the reign of Qing Qianlong. Mausoleum architecture consists of zhaobi, gate, Shinto and sleeping hall. A small Shinto was built in front of the mausoleum in Qing Dynasty. Hui Ling, like the main building of Wuhou Temple, faces south, adjacent to the west side of Hanzhaolie Temple and Wuhou Temple, and connected with Wuhou Temple by a red wall.
The "Wuhou Temple Cultural Relics Exhibition Room" on the south side of Hui Ling was inscribed by Guo Moruo. There are unearthed replicas of Shu and Han cultural relics and historical pictures of the Three Kingdoms. There are many calligraphy and paintings and couplets in Wuhou Temple, among which the most striking one is "Longzhong Dui" written by modern calligrapher Shen. Wuhou Temple also has Zhuge Liang's "Teacher's Watch" written by Yue Fei (the authenticity of this has always been controversial, and there is a saying that the first and second watches were actually written by Bai Lin, a scholar in the Ming Dynasty, in the name of Yue Fei).
The garden area on the west side of Hui Ling was originally a southern suburb park, which was merged into Wuhou Temple Garden Area in 2003. Nanjiao Park was originally the cemetery of Liu Xiang, chairman of the Sichuan Provincial Government of the Kuomintang of the Republic of China. 1953 was converted into a park, and buildings such as stone archway gate, jingzhong gate, tablet pavilion, Jianxin hall and Liu Xiang tomb were built successively. Jinli, on the east side of Wuhou Temple, was restored by Wuhou Temple Museum. Jinli is an ancient street with the architectural style of the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. Relying on Wuhou Temple, it expands the extension of the culture of the Three Kingdoms, integrates with the folk customs of western Sichuan, integrates eating, living, traveling, shopping and entertainment, and becomes a new highlight of cultural tourism in Chengdu. Jinli Phase II also opened before the Spring Festival in 2009. Jinli Phase II boldly introduced water into Jinli cycle, forming a new landscape of "waterfront Jinli".
Address: No.231,Wuhou Temple Street, Chengdu, China.
Opening and closing time:
Summer: 07: 30-2 1: 00
Winter: 08: 00- 18: 30.
Traffic tips: take 1, 8, 10, 53, 57, 59, 82, 109,10, 2 12, 2/kloc-.