And "Children's hands are bent on the edge of chess, who will carry camels in the long run" focuses on the proportion of organic and inorganic substances in the composition of bones, which determines the hardness and elasticity of bones; There are a lot of sensory nerve endings in the dermis of the skin with "ten fingers connected to the heart", and you can feel the external stimulation; Using "hit the nail on the head" to investigate that bleeding at least hurts the structure of the skin and that there are rich blood vessels in the dermis of the skin; In summer, we often see a phenomenon of "skimming". What is this phenomenon? Investigate the way dragonflies lay eggs; "The children rushed to chase Huang Die, but they couldn't find broccoli." Investigate the protective color of animals; "There is no harvest in water, but less harvest in fat."
Investigate the effects of water and inorganic salts on plant growth; "As you sow, you reap." Investigate genetic phenomena; "A mother has nine children, and nine children are different."
Investigate the phenomenon of biological variation; "Big fish eat small fish, small fish eat shrimp, and shrimp eat mud." Investigating the knowledge of food chain and food web in ecology, "mantis catches cicada, yellowbird is behind."
; "If the fruit grows well, you have to run among the flowers." Investigate the knowledge of insect-borne flowers and plants; "The orange in Huainan is orange, and the orange in Huaibei is bitter orange" to investigate the influence of temperature on biological growth; "It is better to plant more trees on the mountain than to build a reservoir. There is rain to swallow and no rain to draw. "
Investigate the importance of soil and water conservation and water source protection; At the same time, we can also use idioms and riddles to examine the concept of biology. Such as: turn a blind eye-protective color; Awesome-warning color; Confuse true and false imitation; Grafting-grafting; Parrot parroting-imitating behavior; Proud as a peacock-courtship behavior; Looking at plums to quench thirst-conditioned reflex; Planting beans in Shannan, the grass is full of bean seedlings-competition; Out of nothing-hidden; The emergence of the topic of making something out of nothing-dominance not only expands students' knowledge, but also examines students' biological common sense.
Therefore, accumulating more materials in this field in peacetime and properly infiltrating them in peacetime teaching can not only improve students' interest in learning, but also enable students to grasp the characteristics, which is more conducive to knowledge memory. In addition, in the previous lectures, some teachers also made up their own jingles, which not only made students remember catchily, but also made the effect more obvious.
For example, when I was talking about the role of vitamins, I borrowed an advertising word: a, I can see clearly with my eyes open; B, I am the smartest with a sharp brain; C. Popeye envies me; D, I can win by supplementing calcium; There is also a little e who is not afraid of germs. This not only makes students' appetite open, but also makes the classroom atmosphere extremely active. And many students are still humming over and over again.
Interest is the best teacher, which needs the correct guidance, cultivation and care of our teachers, so that students can find fun in their studies and get twice the result with half the effort. - .
The reason is that in the process of reproduction, parents accurately copy their own genetic material (DNA) and pass it on to their offspring, so that the offspring can obtain their parents' genetic material, thus showing similar characteristics to their parents. Due to the genetic characteristics of organisms, the offspring of each organism are basically the same as their parents, thus keeping the species in the biological world relatively stable.
"One mother gives birth to nine children, even ten mothers are the same"-biological variation This reflects the phenomenon of biological variation, which is caused by mistakes (changes) in the process of copying parental heritage (DNA) or differences between individuals of different sexes and their offspring. There are both hereditary and non-hereditary. If the variation is caused by environmental conditions, it cannot be inherited. Variation caused by changes in genetic material (DNA) can be passed on.
Due to the variation characteristics of organisms, individuals can produce new characters and form new species. "The mantis catches the cicada, and the yellowbird is behind"-biological predation means that the mantis is about to catch the cicada, but he doesn't know that the yellowbird behind him is about to eat it; It has the meaning of food chain in biology.
The food chain implied by this proverb is: plants-cicada+mantis+yellowbird. In this food chain, plants are the producers of the first trophic level, cicadas; Mantis and yellowbird are consumers, belonging to the second, third and fourth nutrition levels respectively. The proverb "One mountain can't accommodate two tigers"-the intraspecific struggle of organisms reveals the phenomenon that organisms compete for resources, food and space. Tigers are large carnivores, which are located in a higher trophic level. According to the law that the energy flow in the ecosystem is unidirectional and gradually decreasing, the transmission efficiency is only 10%~20%. The higher the trophic level, the less energy is obtained, so the number of individuals is small.
In order to survive, there will be a life-and-death struggle, so one mountain cannot accommodate two tigers. "Moths put out the fire-biological stress-this refers to the reaction of insects to light, which is called phototaxis of insects.
All living things have stress, and stress refers to the characteristics of living things responding to external stimuli. Due to stress, organisms can respond to the surrounding stimuli, thus avoiding unfavorable stimuli and adapting themselves to the surrounding living environment.
"Self-restraint" —— Relativity of biological adaptation. Silkworms spin silk and wrap themselves, while moths cocoon; It is an adaptability to resist the harsh environment and protect itself, but when it comes to the golden bee, the tragedy happens on the cocoon, and the golden bee turns cotton red with the help of the cocoon; The binding effect of the cotton bollworm successfully lays eggs in its body, which makes the cocoon of the cotton bollworm become self-binding. This shows that the adaptation of organisms to the environment is only to a certain extent, not completely and absolutely.
Due to the constant change of environmental conditions, some characteristics will become unsuitable, that is.
2. Biological proverbs and ancient poems explain that the vast grass crosses the plain and comes and goes with the four seasons, "endless generations, and the rivers and moons are similar every year." "Wildfire never completely devoured them, and they grew taller in the spring breeze" can explain the stability of ecosystem resilience, and "They pressed sweetly on the ancient highway and reached the crumbling gate" can explain that "creatures can adapt to and influence the environment". The second is to eliminate weeds, reduce the competition between crops and weeds, and make energy flow to crops. "The flowers in April are in full bloom, and the peach blossoms in the mountain temple are also beginning to bloom." "It is not surprising that plum blossoms smile at the snow and flies freeze to death." Here, the physical factor affecting the ecosystem is temperature. "Plant a millet in spring and harvest 10,000 seeds in autumn." This shows that organisms have the characteristics of reproduction. It also explains the problem of "over-reproduction" in Darwin's theory of natural selection. In fact, "Spring silkworms weep at night until they die" refers to the "abnormal development" of silkworms, and the so-called silkworm death here actually goes through the stage of "larva → pupa". "Children scurry after Huang Die and can't find a place in the cauliflower", which shows that Huang Die's body color and environment are very similar, and this phenomenon is called "protective color" in biology. Is the result of long-term natural selection. A little red among evergreen trees not only illustrates the "warning color" of biology, but also illustrates the problem of "gene mutation" of biology. "Falling red is not heartless, but turning into spring mud can protect flowers better", which thoroughly explains the characteristics of "material cycle of ecosystem": repeated appearance and cycle. "In the fragrant rice, it is said that the harvest is good, and the frogs sound one after another" vividly illustrates the relationship between frog protection and crop harvest. Protecting frogs is protecting natural enemies of pests. Due to the influence of temperature, chlorophyll synthesis in cells decreases and anthocyanin content increases, which makes its color turn red. This is the same root, why fry each other? "vividly illustrates the problem of intraspecific struggle for survival." Spring flowers can't be kept in the garden, and an apricot leaves the wall. "Because of the wind, there is no catkin, only sunflower depends on the sun", which explains the phototropism of plants. In addition, China's proverbs, sayings and allusions also contain a lot of biological knowledge. "As you sow, you reap. "One mother gives birth to nine children, even ten mothers are different" explains the variation phenomenon. "The mantis catches the cicada, and the yellowbird is behind" and "The big fish eat small fish, the small fish eat the shrimp, and the shrimp eats the mud" all illustrate the food chain relationship of the ecosystem, and can also explain that the creatures in the food chain are "preying" on each other. From "entering the barren land is a unruly people" to "green mountains and green waters are always there in spring", it shows that the main factor affecting the ecosystem is the forest. The struggle between snipes and mussels vividly illustrates one of the ways of nerve regulation, that is, "conditioned reflex" "One mountain can't accommodate two tigers" is interpreted from the ecological point of view as "tigers are in the highest trophic level and get less energy, so the number of individuals should be less".
3. The famous biological saying 1, natural selection, survival of the fittest. -Darwin 2. Science is to sort out facts in order to draw universal laws and conclusions from them. -Darwin 3. The most valuable knowledge is the knowledge about methods. -Darwin 4. Only by obeying nature can we conquer nature. Darwin v. The answer to every biological science question must be found in the cell. -American cell biologist E·b· Wilson) 6. China can be supported by scientific and technological progress-Yuan Longping 7. You can't be a scientist without patriotism-Yuan Longping 8. Knowledge+sweat+inspiration+opportunity. What is needed is hands, not mouths. -China embryology and developmental biologist Tong Dizhou 10, let me tell you the mystery that made me achieve my goal. My only strength is my persistence. -Pasteur 1 1, don't wait for luck, but try to master knowledge. Fleming 65438. I have an obligation to dedicate it to my motherland. Linnai 13. I must admit that luck likes to take care of brave people. -Darwin 14. The way to finish the work is to cherish every minute. -Darwin 15. If you want to know right away, you know nothing. -Pavlov (former Soviet Union).
4. Idioms, proverbs and proverbs related to biology should be traced back to the source.
Decorate yourself with borrowed feathers
Become a giant among dwarfs
Make a comprehensive judgment on sth. Based on a one-sided view
A moth flying into the flame-causing self-destruction
Quench thirst by thinking of plum-masturbating with illusory hope
The jackal who plays the tiger-helping the bad guys to do evil.
Cocoon around yourself
Despair drives a dog to jump over a wall-a cornered beast will do desperate things.
Macaques in hats-useless people in gorgeous costumes
Superficially clever
When snipe and clam fight, the tree falls apart.
The weasel pays a New Year call to the chicken.
Although the sparrow is small, it has all aspects.
The mantis catches the cicada, and the yellowbird is behind-coveting immediate interests and not knowing the danger behind.
Two tigers are not allowed in one mountain.
Once bitten, twice shy.
Trees provide good shade-an influential person provides protection/help for his relatives.
Dragon begets dragon, phoenix begets phoenix, and mouse's son can make holes.
A mouse crossing the street is chased by everyone ―― the object of public condemnation; Extremely unpopular person [person or thing that everyone hates]
If you plant flowers with your heart, you can't bloom.
5. In life, we usually use some (1) to describe the relationship between biology and biology, and between biology and environment. In the ecosystem, the chain structure formed by the food relationship between producers and consumers is called food chain. The initial link of the food chain is the producer. Cicada sucks sap from trees, mantis feeds on cicadas, and yellowbird feeds on mantis. The food chain formed is: tree → cicada → mantis →.
(2) Weasels eat chickens. The weasel pays a New Year call to the chicken to eat it. The reason why the weasel is unkind is that the weasel wants to eat chicken.
(3) Abiotic factors affect the life and distribution of living things. "Good weather and abundant crops" emphasizes that water is an important abiotic factor affecting crop growth.
(4) The main characteristics of community behavior are: living in groups, forming a certain organization within the group, with obvious division of labor and information exchange among members, and some groups also forming hierarchical differentiation. "Birds of a feather flock together, and people are divided into groups" reflects that organisms are conducive to survival through division of labor and cooperation.
(5) Bacteria and fungi decompose organic matter in plant leaves, animal remains and feces into inorganic matter for reuse by plants. They are called decomposers in the ecosystem. "Falling red is not heartless, but turning into spring mud can protect flowers", which means that decomposers in ecosystem components can transform organic matter in petals into simple materials for plants to reuse.
(6) Changing the sea: changing the sea into the sea, and changing the sea into the sea. Therefore, the change of ocean refers to the mutual transformation between marine ecosystem and farmland ecosystem.
So the answer is: (1) cicada → mantis → yellowbird; Reduce; (2) predation; (3) moisture; (4) division of labor and cooperation; (5) decomposers; (6) the ocean.