1. Chen Tao
Traveling to Longxi
Swore to wipe out the Xiongnu regardless of his own safety, and five thousand mink brocades were lost to Hu Chen.
The poor bones by the Wuding River are like those in a boudoir’s dream.
Notes:
1. Journey to Longxi: the name of an ancient song.
2. Diao Jin: This refers to warriors.
3. Wuding River: in northern Shaanxi.
4. Purdah: This refers to the wife of the deceased.
Rhyme translation:
The soldiers of the Tang army vowed to die and swept the Huns regardless of their own safety;
Five thousand elite soldiers in brocade robes died in Huchen.
How pitiful are the piles of bones by the Wuding River,
They are still the lovers who accompany each other in the dreams of young women.
Commentary: "Longxi Journey" has four songs, and this is the second one. The first two sentences describe the loyalty and bravery of the soldiers, who suffered many casualties; the last two sentences describe the sacrifices
The person who is the young lady in spring is the lover who is looking forward to returning and reunited day and night. The whole poem reflects the pain and disaster brought to the people by the long-term war in the Tang Dynasty, and expresses the non-war sentiment. The third and fourth sentences contrast "bones by the Wuding River" with "people in a spring boudoir's dream", contrasting the virtual with the real, just like a montage in a movie, with clever intentions. The poem is so sad that it brings tears to my eyes when I sing it.
2. Gao Shi
Yange Xing·The smoke and dust of the Han family in the northeast
In the 26th year of Kaiyuan, a guest came out of the fortress from Zhang Gong, the imperial censor. In return, he wrote "Yan Ge Xing" to show his suitability and feel about the conquest and garrison, so he made peace.
The smoke and dust of the Han family are in the northeast, and the Han generals will resign and destroy their families.
A man is naturally proud of himself, but the emperor gives him great honor.
The chuāng gold beats the drum down to Yuguan, and the jing (jing) jiao (pèi) 逶 (wēi) meanders among the jieshi (yí).
The school captain Yu Shu flies across the vast sea, and the hunting fire of Shanyu shines on Langshan.
The mountains and rivers are desolate and borderless, and the horses and horses are riding on the mausoleum, mixed with wind and rain.
The warriors are half dead in front of the army, but the beauties are still singing and dancing under the tent!
The desert is poor and the grass is blocked in autumn, and the lonely city is fighting at sunset with few soldiers.
When encountering kindness, one often underestimates the enemy, and even though one has exhausted all his strength, he has not been able to clear the siege.
The iron robes have been working hard for a long time, and the jade chopsticks (zhù) should cry after leaving.
The young woman in the south of the city wants to have her heart broken, so she looks back at Ji (jì) in the north.
The breeze in the side court can be saved, but the vast expanse is empty!
The murderous spirit forms clouds at three o'clock, and the cold sound spreads throughout the night.
Looking at each other, there is a lot of blood. How can you never care about Xun when it comes to death?
You have not seen the hardships of fighting on the battlefield, but I still remember General Li!
Translation
In the twenty-sixth year of Emperor Xuanzong's reign in the Tang Dynasty, a man who followed the commander back from the fortress wrote a poem "Yan Ge Xing" for me to read. I was deeply moved by the war and defense on the frontier, so I wrote this song "Song of the Swallows" in response to him.
Fireworks and smoke were raised on the border of the Tang Dynasty, and dust rose from the northeast.
The generals of the Tang Dynasty resigned from home and went to fight against the cruel border thieves.
Men originally value the ability to ride a sword and ride a horse to conquer the world.
When the emperor appreciates it, a hero shows his true colors.
The sound of gongs resounds, the sound of heavy drums and hammers comes out of Shanhaiguan in unison,
The flags are winding and meandering among the jieshi mountains.
The school captain rushed across the vast sea of ??sand with an urgent message,
The Xiongnu Chanyu has reached my Langshan Mountain with hunting firelight.
The mountains and rivers are desolate and desolate, and the surrounding areas are desolate.
The sound of the powerful weapons of the Hu cavalry is mixed with the wind and rain.
Half of the soldiers fought hard and half survived, but
The beauty was still singing and dancing in the camp!
It was late autumn, and all the grass outside the Great Desert had withered.
The lonely city reflected the setting sun, and the soldiers became increasingly scarce as they fought.
Suffering from the deep kindness of the royal family, I often thought of serving my country and attacking the enemy.
The border area has not broken through the Xiongnu siege despite all its efforts.
Wearing iron armor and guarding the remote battlefields for a long time, we have been working hard for a long time.
There are tears in my eyes. My husband is far away and weeps alone.
The young woman lived alone in the south of the city, crying and heartbroken.
The expeditionary soldiers stationed in Jibei looked up at the sky and turned around frequently.
The border is so misty and so far away that it’s not easy to come and go there.
It’s so far away that it’s so vast and so inhabited.
Murderous aura rises like dark clouds in front of the formation in spring, summer and autumn.
The sound of the cold wind all night is like crying and even more shocking.
Looking at each other with white blades flying around and mixed with blood,
We have always been dedicated to serving the country, so why are we still asking for meritorious service?
Have you not seen how miserable it was to fight on the battlefield?
I am still missing the brave and resourceful General Li.
Brief review
"The Song of Yan" is Gao Shi's masterpiece. Although the old Yuefu poems are used, they are composed because of current events. This is the development of Yuefu poetry. If we go further, we will reach Du Fu's "Beauty's Journey", "Military Chariots", "Three Officials", "Three Farewells", etc. The new Yuefu in Shi Ming Chapter. "Yan Ge Xing" is a Yuefu title and belongs to the "Ping Tune Song" in "Xiang He Ge". This tune has not been recorded before, so it is said that it was created by Cao Pi. There are two poems in Cao Pi's "Yan Ge Xing", which are about women's autumn thoughts. They were first created by him, so later generations often imitate his use of Yan Ge Xing tunes to write poems about women's resentment.
Gao Shi's "Yan Ge Xing" is about the life of frontier fortress soldiers, and he was the first to write this subject to the tune of "Yan Ge Xing". This poem mainly reveals that the general is arrogant and underestimates the enemy, and does not care about the soldiers, which leads to the defeat of the war. Historically, commentators have not examined the historical events in the preface in detail, thinking that it was written to satirize Zhang Shougui. In fact, this is inconsistent with historical facts. The target of this poem should be An Lushan, the Pinglu envoy and Zuo Xiaowei general who was sent by Zhang Shougui to conquer Xi and Khitan.
The poem can be roughly divided into four paragraphs: the first paragraph contains eight sentences about the teacher. Among them, the first four sentences say that the dust of war started in the northeast, the general was ordered to conquer, and the emperor bestowed glory on him. He was already favored and arrogant, which foreshadowed the subsequent chapters of underestimating the enemy. The last four sentences continue to write the expedition lineup. The banners were like clouds, the drums and horns were blaring, and they marched to the battlefield in a majestic manner, which served as a contrast to the embarrassing scene when they lost. "School Captain" is written in two sentences, arriving at the front line. Yu Shu was galloping and saw that the military situation was urgent; the hunting fire illuminated the night and said that the enemy's formation was tight. The second paragraph contains eight sentences about the battle. Among them, the first four sentences state that the enemy came fiercely at the beginning of the war and our army suffered heavy casualties. The last four sentences said that by the end of the day, our troops were outnumbered and exhausted, and we could not relieve the siege. "The mountains and rivers are desolate and the land is extremely borderless", indicating that the battlefield terrain is an open area with no danger, which is conducive to the Hu cavalry galloping, so the enemy troops are hit like a storm. The two sentences "soldier" use a contrasting method to express that the general is arrogant, lazy, underestimates the enemy, and has no regard for his soldiers. On the one hand, he fights hard and to the death, but on the other hand, he still enjoys himself. This is the most revealing description in the poem. The desolate scene of the dying grass in the desert and the lonely city under the setting sun serves as a backdrop for the "battle of few soldiers", and at the same time it is written that the battle lasted until dusk. "We should always underestimate the enemy when we encounter kindness." It is the main theme of the poem to point out the reasons why the wounded soldiers were surrounded. The eight sentences in the third paragraph are about recruiting people, missing their wives and looking at each other in two places, and there is no hope of meeting again. Although the poem is in ancient style, it mostly uses couplets. This paragraph is still intended to be a counterpoint due to the needs of the content. In addition, this poem uses oblique rhyme, usually four sentences in one rhyme, but all eight sentences in this section use oblique rhyme, which is suitable for expressing the uneasy mood of both parties. The murderous aura is clouded and the fights are cold, all of which try their best to exaggerate the sad atmosphere. Two of the last four sentences describe the soldier's determination to die for his country in a hopeless situation. The words "Qi Gu Xun" are still a satire on the general. The poet expresses emotion in two sentences, expressing deep sympathy for the tragic fate of the soldiers. The poem ends with "I still remember General Li to this day", which once again highlights the theme. During the prosperous Tang Dynasty, Yin Fan commented on Gao Shi and said: "His poems are full of conjecture and spirit." This poem can indeed be regarded as a representative.
Appreciation
"Yan Ge Xing" is not only Gao Shi's "first major chapter" (commented by a recent scholar, Zhao Xi), but also a masterpiece among the frontier poems of the entire Tang Dynasty. Passed down through the ages, good deeds are no accident.
In the fifteenth year of Kaiyuan (AD 727), Gao Shi went north to Jimen. In the 20th year, King Xin'an Li Yi conquered Xi and Khitan, and he went north to Youyan, hoping to serve in the shogunate of King Xin'an, but he failed to do so: "How can there be no Anbian book? All the generals have accepted the favor. I am sad that Sun Wu Shi returned. Close the door alone" ("Ji Zhongzuo"). It can be seen that he has put a lot of research effort into the Northeast frontier fortress military. Twenty-one years after Kaiyuan, Zhang Shougui, the governor of Youzhou, took charge of border affairs and initially made military exploits. However, in the 24th year, Zhang asked Pinglu to attack and envoy An Lushan to attack Xi and Khitan. "Lushan advanced lightly based on his courage and was defeated by the captives" (Volume 215 of "Zi Zhi Tong Jian"). In the twenty-sixth year, Youzhou generals Zhao Kan and Baizhen Tuoluo tried to force Zhang Shougui to force Pinglu army envoy Wu Zhiyi to send troops to attack Xi and Khitan. They won first and then lost. "Shou Gui hides his appearance, and pretends to defeat the enemy" ("Old Tang Book. Biography of Zhang Shougui"). Gao Shi was deeply moved by the two defeats after the 24th year of Kaiyuan, so he wrote this article.
The purpose of the poem is to condemn the generals who were encouraged by the emperor to be arrogant and underestimated the enemy, to be dissolute and derelict in their duties, which resulted in the failure of the war and the great pain and sacrifice of the soldiers. The poet writes about the frontier war, but the focus is not on ethnic conflicts, but on sympathizing with the soldiers, satirizing and resenting the generals who do not care for the soldiers.
The whole poem describes the whole process of a battle in a very condensed way: the first paragraph has eight sentences about the departure of the enemy, the second paragraph has eight sentences about defeat, the third paragraph has eight sentences about being surrounded, and the third paragraph has eight sentences about being surrounded. Write four paragraphs and four sentences about the ending of the fight to the death. Between each section, the texture is dense.
The first two sentences of the poem indicate the location and nature of the war, which clearly refers to current events and comes from deep feelings. "A man is proud of himself, but the emperor gives him a lot of honor." It seems to be praising the might and glory of the Han Dynasty when he left the country, but in fact it is sarcastic and unwritten. Fan Kuai said in front of Empress Lu: "I would like to win a hundred thousand people and run rampant among the Xiongnu." Ji Bu reprimanded him for bullying the king in person and should be executed. (See "Historical Records. Biography of Ji Bu") Therefore, the origin of this "rampant" means relying on courage and underestimating the enemy. Tang Ruxun said: "The smoke and dust are in the northeast. They are not invading our mainland. The Han generals defeated Yu Kou'er. Because this generation is so ruthless and rampant, the emperor is polite and courteous. How can he not provoke others?" ("Poetry of the Tang Dynasty") "Explanation" Volume 16) This understanding is correct. Then it describes the march: "I beat the drums with gold and went down to Yuguan, and the jingles meandered among the rocks." Through this scene of the golden drums shaking the sky and the swaggering forward, we can guess the general's arrogance before the battle, which also serves as a contrast to the following. . As soon as the war started, "the captain's letter flew into the vast sea", the word "fly" warned of the critical military situation: "The Chan Yu's hunting fire shines on Langshan", just like "watching the king of Ming hunt at night, riding on fire across the river to the bright, and the drums and drums screaming, It's shocking!" (Zhang Xiaoxiang's "Six States Getou") Unexpectedly, the "disabled thief" is so powerful. From Cijia's departure to the country, to Yuguan, Jieshi, and even to Hanhai and Langshan, the eight-line poem summarizes the journey of the expedition. It gradually progresses and the atmosphere gradually changes from relaxed to tense.
The second paragraph writes that the battle was critical and failed. The words "mountains and rivers are desolate and extremely borderland" are written at the beginning of the pen, showing an open and unsafe area, bringing out a solemn atmosphere. "Hu Qi" is fast and fierce, like a violent storm, rolling over the ground. The Han army fought hard to meet the enemy, killing them until the sky was dark and they could not tell the difference between life and death.
However, at this moment, those generals were far away from their positions to have fun: "There is still singing and dancing under the beauty's tent!" Such a harsh comparison of facts effectively exposed the contradiction between the Han army's generals and soldiers, and hinted at the inevitable defeat. reason. Therefore, I immediately wrote about the desolate scenery with the depleted troops, the insurmountable siege, the sunset over the isolated city, and the decaying grass in the sky. It has the distinct characteristics of a frontier fortress, which highlights the desolation of the defeated soldiers' mood. "When you meet someone with kindness, you always underestimate the enemy. Even if you try your best to pass the mountain without clearing the siege." In response to the above, the Han general's "rampant" heroic spirit has been wiped out, and his guilt has been confirmed.
The third paragraph describes the pain of the soldiers, which is actually a deeper condemnation of the Han generals. It should be noted that this is not a general description of the war process, but a portrayal of the mood of the soldiers in the dangerous situation of being besieged. The following three couplets, "Iron clothes, garrison far away and hard work for a long time", one sentence is about conquering the husband, and the other sentence is about missing the wife in the suspense of conquering the husband. They are intricately related, and the pain of parting gradually deepens. The young woman in the south of the city is sad day and night, but "how can I survive the floating breeze in the side court?" Looking back in vain when recruiting people from Jibei, after all, "How can there be such a vast and vast land!" We are thousands of miles apart, and we will never see each other again. "At this point in my life, the way of heaven is peaceful. Discuss! "What Nakan saw during the day was just "murderous clouds forming at three o'clock"; what he heard at night was only "cold sounds spreading all night long". In such a critical and desperate situation, one can't help but think that death is imminent. Who was it that pushed them to this desperate situation? This is an indispensable paragraph to deepen the theme.
The last four sentences conclude the whole story, which is full of tragedy and endless emotion. "Looking at each other with bloody swords, one never cares about honor in a fight of death." In the end, the soldiers fought hand-to-hand with the enemy and fought bloody battles. Isn't that kind of spirit that regards death as home just for the sake of personal merit! How simple, kind, and brave they are, but how pathetic they are!
The poet's feelings contain compassion and praise, and "Qi Gu Xun" effectively sneers at the Han generals who lightly provoked others and took advantage of others. In the last two sentences, the poet said with deep emotion: "You have not seen the hardships of fighting on the battlefield, but I still remember General Li!" Eight or nine hundred years ago, Li Guang, the flying general in the north of Wei Town, loved and nursed his soldiers everywhere, making the soldiers "happy to him" die". What a stark contrast to those arrogant generals. The poet proposed General Li, which is of particularly profound significance. From the Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty, for thousands of years, there were countless frontier wars, countless generals who drove soldiers like chickens and dogs, and tens of thousands of soldiers who had gone through hardships and buried their bodies in foreign lands! However, there was only one Li Guang for thousands of years, so why not teach people to remember him painfully? Du Fu praised Gao Shi and Cen Shen's poem: "The meaning is flying in the sea, and the chapter ends with confusion." ("Thirty Rhymes to Gao Shijun and Cen Changshi") This poem ends with Li Guang, and the artistic conception is more powerful. And profound.
The whole poem has a smooth momentum and strong writing power, but it has been completely blurred after poor management. The atmosphere is tragic and the ideas are profound and subtle. "The mountains and rivers are desolate and borderless, the barbarians are riding on the mausoleums mixed with wind and rain", "the desert is poor and the autumn is blocked by grass, and the isolated city is fighting with few soldiers at sunset". The poet deliberately hints and exaggerates the tragic scenes, using desolate scenes to reveal the misfortunes of the generals who are so happy to have great achievements. Guilt. What is particularly noteworthy is that the poet described the complex and changing inner activities of the soldiers during the fierce war, which was sad and moving, and deepened the theme. There are sharp contrasts hidden throughout the poem. Judging from the descriptions throughout the article, there is a sharp contrast between the soldiers' devotion to duty and the Han generals' paternal favor and greed for merit, the soldiers' hard work and long battles, the separation of the family and the Han generals' dereliction of duty and indulgence in battle. The introduction of Li Guang at the end is another contrast between ancient and modern times. In the whole article, "the warriors are half dead in front of the army, but the beauties are still singing and dancing under the tents", and "the two sentences are the most profound" (Wu Rulun's comment is quoted in "Tang and Song Poetry"). This contrast is very obvious, which greatly strengthens the power of satire. .
"Yan Ge Xing" is a typical piece that uses rhythmic sentences among the seven character songs of the Tang Dynasty. The rhyme used in the whole poem is the "Zhi" part of the Rusheng tone, the "Delete" part of the Ping tone, the "麌" part of the Shang tone, the "Wei" part of the Ping tone, the "You" part of the Shang tone, and the "Wen" part of the Ping tone, which are exactly equal to each other. Calm and measured. Except for the last two sentences, for sentences with plain rhymes, the couplets are self-evident, and the non-duplicate sentences also conform to the rhythmic rhythms, such as "The gold beats the drums down to Yuguan, and the jingles meander between the stones"; Sentences, the upper and lower sentences of the duality are also very strict, such as "The murderous spirit forms clouds at three o'clock, and the cold sound spreads all night." The beauty of such a tone is exactly the sound of "the sound of the golden sword and the iron horse, the sound of the jade rock ringing the ball" Festival" (Xing Fang's comment in Volume 9 of "Tang Fengding").
3. Li He
Yanmen Taishou Xing
Dark clouds are pressing down on the city, threatening to destroy it, and the light of armor opens towards the golden scales of the sun.
The sound of the trumpet fills the autumn sky, and the night is purple when stuffed with swallow fat.
A half-rolled red flag stands near the Yishui River, but the sound of heavy frost and cold drums cannot be heard.
Report your favor on the golden platform, and guide the Jade Dragon to die for you.
Translation
The enemy troops are pressing in like dark clouds, and the dangerous city seems to be destroyed;
The sun shines on the armor like fish scales, and the golden light shines.
The sound of the horn resounded through the sky in this autumn;
The soil was stuffed like rouge, and it was as rich as purple in the night.
The cold wind blew the red flag, and the troops quietly approached Yishui;
The heavy frost soaked the drum skin, and the drum sound was low and could not be raised.
In order to repay the king's reward and love,
with a sword in hand, he is willing to fight to the death for his country!
Appreciation
"Yanmen Taishou's Journey" is an old Yuefu title. This type of quasi-ancient poetry of the Tang Dynasty is relative to the "modern style poetry" of the Tang Dynasty. It has a wider rhyme and is not bound by too many meters. It can be said to be a kind of semi-free verse of the ancients.
Later called "Yuefu Poetry". Introduce more war scenes.
The poet's language tries his best to avoid blandness and pursues the bizarre. In order to pursue novelty, he focused on the color and mood of things, using rich words and colorful red and green algae to express tense and tragic battle scenes, with novel ideas and rich images.
Generally speaking, it is not appropriate to use words that express bright colors when writing tragic and tragic battle scenes, but almost every sentence in Li He's poem has bright colors, such as gold, rouge and purple. , not only bright, but also gorgeous. They are intertwined with black, autumn colors, jade white, etc. to form a colorful picture. A poet is like a skilled painter, who is particularly good at coloring, using color to represent objects, and using color to move people, not just outlines. When he wrote poems, he rarely used line drawing techniques. He always used imagination to paint things with various novel and strong colors, effectively showing their multi-layered nature. [1]
The poem has eight lines, the first four lines describe the scene before sunset. The first sentence is both a description of a scene and an event, successfully exaggerating the tense atmosphere and critical situation when the enemy is approaching the city. "Dark clouds are pressing down on the city, ready to destroy it." The word "pressing" vividly reveals the large number of enemy troops and the ferocity of the attack, as well as the disparity in strength between the two warring parties, the difficult situation of the defenders, etc. The second sentence describes the defenders inside the city to compare with the enemy troops outside the city. Suddenly, the situation changes, and a ray of sunlight shines through the gaps in the clouds, reflecting on the armor of the defenders. The golden light is shining and dazzling. eyes. At this moment, they are wearing strong armor and are ready to fight. Here, sunlight is used to show the camp and morale of the defenders. The scenes are intertwined and wonderful. It is said that Wang Anshi once criticized this sentence and said: "The dark clouds are pressing down on the city, how can there be a light shining toward the sun?" Yang Shen claimed that he had indeed seen such a scene, and accused Wang Anshi: "The old turban of Song Dynasty does not know poetry." ("Sheng") (An Shihua)) In fact, the reality of art and the reality of life cannot be equated. When the enemy is besieging a city, there may not be black clouds; when the defenders are arrayed, there may not be sunlight to shine and cheer. The dark clouds and sunlight in the poem are The means used by poets to create situations and ideas. The third and fourth sentences describe the cold and miserable battlefield atmosphere from both auditory and visual aspects respectively. It was late autumn, thousands of trees were shaking down, and in the dead silence, the horn sounded with a whimpering sound. Obviously, a thrilling battle is going on. "The sky is filled with the sound of trumpets", outlining the scale of the war. Relying on the strength of their numbers, the enemy troops advanced with great noise and pressed forward step by step. The defenders were not afraid of being alone and weak. Encouraged by the sound of the trumpet, they had high morale and fought back vigorously. The fighting lasted from daylight to dusk. The poet did not directly describe the fierce scene of cross-carriages and hand-to-hand combat. He only made a rough but highly expressive impression of the scene on the battlefield after the two sides withdrew their troops: The fierce battle lasted from day to night, and the sunset illuminated the battlefield. Blocks of rouge-like bright red blood condensed on the ground through the night fog, showing a purple color. This gloomy and solemn atmosphere sets off the tragic scenes on the battlefield, implying that both the offensive and defensive sides suffered a large number of casualties, and the defenders were still in a disadvantageous position, which paved the way for the rescue of friendly forces below.
The last four sentences describe the Tang army soldiers attacking the enemy camp at night and repaying the imperial court with their lives. "Half a roll of red flag comes to Yishui", the word "half roll" has extremely rich meanings. Marching in the dark, with no flags or drums, in order to "surprise the unexpected and attack the unprepared"; "Lin Yishui" not only indicates the location of the battle, but also implies that the soldiers have the kind of ambition that "the wind is rustling and the Yishui is cold, and a strong man will never return once he is gone." Intense passion. Then describe the scene of the bitter battle: as soon as the reinforcements approached the enemy's camp, they beat drums to cheer and went into battle. Unfortunately, the night was so cold and frosty that even the war drums could not beat. Faced with many difficulties, the soldiers were not discouraged. "Report your favor on the Golden Platform, and support the Jade Dragon to die for you." The Golden Platform was built by King Yan Zhao in the southeast of Yishui during the Warring States Period. Legend has it that he once placed a large amount of gold on the platform, indicating that he would not hesitate to spend a lot of money to recruit scholars from all over the world. The poet quoted this story to express the soldiers' determination to serve the imperial court.
4. Li Yi
Listen to the flute in Shouxiang City at night
The sand in front of Huile Peak is like snow, and the moon outside Shouxiang City is like frost.
I don’t know where to play the reed pipe, and I have to march all night to see my hometown.
Notes:
1. Huile Peak: Huile County existed in the Tang Dynasty, located in the southwest of Lingwu County, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. Huile Peak is the local peak.
2. Surrendering cities: In the Tang Dynasty, there were three surrendering cities in the east, middle and west, all in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.
3. Reed tube: flute.
Rhyme translation:
The sand in front of Huile Peak is as white as snow,
The moonlight outside the city is like autumn frost.
I don’t know where the melancholy reed pipes were blowing,
Every night the soldiers looked at their hometown.
Commentary: The poem expresses the nostalgia of the border guards. The first two sentences describe the scenery of the frontier fortress under the moon; the third sentence describes the sound, hearing the sad sound of the reed pipe
; the fourth sentence describes the feelings in the heart, the reed flute can inspire the soldiers to return home. The whole poem integrates scenery, sounds and feelings
into a coherent artistic conception. "Chronicles of Tang Poems" states that this poem was incorporated into paintings at that time. Carefully appreciate the artistic conception of the whole poem, it is indeed a good product for composing songs and painting.
5. Lu Lun
Sai Xia Qu·Yue Black Goose Flying High
The Moon Black Goose flies high, Shan Yu escapes in the night.
In order to drive Qingqi away, heavy snow covered the bow and knife.
Notes:
1. Chanyu: the leader of the enemy.
Rhyme translation:
The black geese fly high in the still moon,
The Chan Yu takes advantage of the dark night to flee quietly.
Just as he was about to lead the light cavalry to catch up,
heavy snow fell on his body with bows and knives.
Commentary: The third poem describes the scene when the general Xue Ye leads the Qingqi to go on an expedition.
6. Wang Changling
Going out of the fortress
The bright moon of the Qin Dynasty and the Pass of the Han Dynasty, and the people who marched thousands of miles have not returned.
But the flying generals of Dragon City are here, and Hu Ma is not taught to cross the Yin Mountain.
Notes:
1. But: as long as.
2. Dragon City: Dragon City is the place where the Huns gathered to worship heaven.
3. Flying General: Refers to the famous general Li Guang of the Han Dynasty. The Huns were afraid of his bravery and called him "Flying General".
4. Yinshan Mountain: The northern branch of the Kunlun Mountains, starting from the northwest of Hetao and running across Suiyuan, Chahar and the northern part of Rehe, is the barrier to northern my country.
Rhyme translation:
It is still the bright moon of Qin Dynasty and the border gate of Han Dynasty.
The battle lasts for a long time, and the soldiers who conquer thousands of miles will never return.
If Li Guang, the flying general of Dragon City, was alive today,
The Huns would never be allowed to go south to herd horses across the Yin Mountains.
Commentary: This is a frontier poem lamenting the constant wars on the border and the lack of good generals in the country. The first line of the poem is the most intriguing. It’s about this place
Hanguan, during the Mingyue Qin Dynasty, there have been great changes in history, and the sigh of the war has not stopped. The second sentence writes about how many men died in battle before returning the conscripts
How many tragedies were left behind on the battlefield. Three or four sentences express the common will of the people for thousands of years, hoping that "Dragon City Flying Generals" will appear to quell chaos and stabilize border defenses. The whole poem uses ordinary language to sing a powerful and open-minded theme, with smooth momentum.
It is completed in one go, and everyone who sings it is amazed. Li Panlong, a man of the Ming Dynasty, once praised it as the masterpiece among the seven masterpieces of the Tang Dynasty, which is not an exaggeration.
7. Wang Han
Liangzhou Ci
The luminous cup of grape wine reminds me to drink pipa immediately.
Don’t laugh when you are lying drunk on the battlefield. How many people have fought in ancient times.
Notes:
1. Luminous cup: a cup made of white jade.
Rhyme translation:
The newly brewed grape wine is filled with luminous cups;
Just when I was about to drink to my heart's content, the sound of pipa immediately reminded me.
Even if you are drunk on the battlefield, please don’t laugh;
Since ancient times, when men went to war, how many of them returned alive?
Commentary analysis: The poem is a famous song that chants the cold scenes in the border area. The whole poem describes a feast in the harsh and desolate frontier fortress, and describes the scene where the soldiers drank and got drunk to their heart's content. The first sentence is colorful and beautiful, and the tone is clearer and more pleasant, showing the luxurious style of the feast;
The word "want to drink" is used in the first sentence to further describe the lively scene. The banquet is added with music to deliberately exaggerate the atmosphere. 3 and 4
The sentence at the end of the sentence is about asking people to consider and encourage each other to drink, to enjoy themselves, to be happy and forget their worries, to be bold and open-minded. Regarding these two sentences, Hengtang Retired Scholar commented: "Speaking of broad-minded words makes me feel doubly sad." Commentators have always thought it was sad and sentimental, and they hated war. Shi Buhua in the Qing Dynasty commented on "Xian Maid's Poems": "If you write something sad, it will be easy to read, but if you write a joke, it will be wonderful. It is up to the scholar to understand." From the inside
Looking at it, there are no words of disgust for the military life, no meaning of lamenting that life is not guaranteed, no feeling of criticizing the pain of fighting, it is said to be sad
Sentimental, it seems reluctant. Shi Buhua's words have depth. It has been famous throughout the ages, and has been discussed in many ways. Different people have different opinions, and scholars can enlighten themselves
by themselves.
8. Xin Qiji
Breaking the circle, writing a strong poem for Sun Tongfu as a message
While drunk, I lit up the lamp to watch the sword, and dreamed of blowing the trumpet company camp. Eight hundred miles away, the troops under his command are burning, the sound of fifty-stringed strings turning outside the Great Wall, and the troops on the battlefield being ordered in autumn.
The horse is flying fast, and the bow is like a thunderbolt. Finish the affairs of the king and the world, and win the reputation during and after death. Misfortune happens in vain!
Notes
Babaili: the name of the cow.
Fifty string: zither.
Delu: The horse has a white forehead and an entrance to the teeth.
Translation
Drunkly, I turned on the light and took out my sword to take a closer look. I woke up from a dream and the horns were blaring in the barracks. The officers and soldiers were all given the roast meat awarded by the general to his subordinates, and frontier songs were played on various musical instruments. The autumn season is high and the horses are fat, and the military parade is taking place on the battlefield. The galloping horses are as fast as Luma, and the sound of the arrows is like thunder. He completed the great cause of unifying the world for the monarch, and strived to leave a reputation for meritorious service to the country during his lifetime and after his death. It is a pity that now I have gray hair and cannot serve the imperial court.
Appreciation
This is a poem sent by Xin Qiji to Chen Liang (also known as Tongfu). Chen Liang was a patriot who insisted on resisting the Jin Dynasty throughout his life. He was Xin Qiji's political and academic friend. He was unsuccessful in his life. He only passed the first prize in his fifties and died the next year. They were both rejected and attacked by the ruling group of the Southern Song Dynasty. In the fifteenth year of Chunxi's reign in the Song Dynasty, Chen Liang and Xin Qiji discussed restoration plans in Ehu, Jiangxi Province, but later all their plans came to nothing. This poem may have been written around this date.
This word is all about life in the army, or it can be said to be about the imagined life in the anti-golden army. The first film depicts the grand scene of launching troops on the battlefield on an autumn morning.
The first two sentences describe the night and dawn in the military camp. The sentence "Watching the sword while drunk" has three meanings: "Looking at the sword" means ambition, "burning the lamp" points out the time, and reading the sword while drunk means never forgetting to serve the country. The second sentence, "The Dream Returns to the Trumpet Company Camp," writes that when I woke up at dawn, I heard the majestic trumpets sounding from each military camp one after another. The previous sentence is about seeing, and this sentence is about hearing. The next three sentences describe the soldiers' banquets, entertainment life and military parade scenes, and the realm of the poem gradually stretches and expands. "Babaili Fenxiaozhi", Babaili Zhi refers to roast beef. "Book of Jin" records: Wang Yi had a cow named Babaili?, whose hoof horns were often shining brightly. Wang Ji and Wang Yi won a bet on shooting, and ordered them to explore the cow's heart and burn it. "麾" is the military flag. The meaning of the whole sentence is: The soldiers shared the roasted beef under the military flag. "The sound of fifty strings turning outside the Great Wall" refers to the majestic and sad military song played by various musical instruments. The ancient harp had fifty strings. Li Shangyin's poem: "The golden harp has fifty strings for no reason." The "fifty strings" in this word should generally refer to the various musical instruments in the ensemble. "Turn" refers to playing. "Sound outside the Great Wall" refers to the majestic and sad military song.
The next film describes the thrilling scene of entering the battle: "The horse made Lu Fei Kuai" and "De Lu", the name of the horse. It is said that when Liu Bei encountered disaster in Jingzhou during the Three Kingdoms period, Lu Ma carried him across the Tanxi River in a leap of three feet ("Three Kingdoms·The First Master's Biography" quoted from "Shishuo"). "zuo" is interpreted as "ru". "The bow is like a thunderbolt and the string is shocked", which means that the sound of the bowstring is like thunder when shooting an arrow. The two sentences "Finish the affairs of the king and the world" describe the general's high-spirited look when the battle is won and the victory is accomplished. "World affairs" refers to the recovery of the Central Plains. Recovering the Central Plains is not only a matter for the king, but also a major matter of common concern to the people. The last sentence concludes, but turns to the sadness and indignation that under the suppression of the ruling group of the Southern Song Dynasty, the ambition of restoring the motherland's rivers and mountains could not be realized. This turning point made all the wishes written above become illusions and all come to nothing.
9. Yang Jiong
On the military march, the beacon fire shines on Xijing
The beacon fire shines on Xijing, and I feel uneasy.
Yazhang bid farewell to Fengque, and the iron cavalry circled Dragon City.
The snow is dark, the flag paintings are withered, and the wind is heavy with the sound of drums.
It is better to be a centurion than a scholar.
Translation
The beacon fire warning has reached Chang'an.
How can the heart of the brave man be calm?
As soon as the order to mobilize troops left the palace gate,
the general's knights rushed straight to Dragon City.
The snow stirred up the flags in heaven and faded their color,
The sound of the wind was wrapped in the sound of drums.
I would rather be a centurion and charge into battle,
I would rather be a scholar than stick to my pen and inkstone.
Appreciation
Selected from all Tang poems
This poem borrows the old Yuefu title "Joining the Army" to describe the story of a scholar who joined the army at the frontier and participated in the battle. process. In just forty words, it not only reveals the psychological activities of the characters, but also exaggerates the atmosphere of the environment. The writing is extremely powerful.
The first two sentences were written in a side newspaper and aroused the patriotic enthusiasm of the patriots. The poet did not directly state the emergency of the military situation, but said that "the beacon fire shines on Xijing", expressing the emergency of the military situation through the visual scene of "beacon fire". The word "zhao" exaggerates the tense atmosphere. Use exaggerated techniques to write about the serious foreign invasion and critical situation, vividly and vividly convey the urgent military situation of the war to readers, and lead to the following. "I feel uneasy" was caused by the war. Every man is responsible for the rise and fall of a country. He does not want to waste his youth between pens and inkstones. The word "自" expresses the scholar's heartfelt patriotic passion and describes the character's spiritual state. The first two sentences explain the background of the entire incident. The third sentence, "Yazhang resigned from Fengque", describes the scene of the army resigning from the capital. "Yazhang" is the emperor's talisman for dispatching troops. It is divided into two parts: concave and convex, which are in the hands of the emperor and the general respectively. "Fengque" is the nickname of the imperial palace. Here, the poet uses the words "Yazhang" and "Fengque", which appear elegant and steady. It not only shows that the soldiers on the expedition have a lofty mission, but also shows the grandness and solemnity of the scene. The fourth sentence "Iron cavalry surrounds the Dragon City", it is obvious that the Tang army has reached the front line quickly and surrounded the enemy castle. The "Iron Cavalry" and "Dragon City" face each other, exaggerating the war atmosphere of fighting between dragons and tigers. The word "circle" vividly describes the Tang army's military posture of surrounding the enemy. In the fifth and sixth sentences, he begins to write about the battle, but the poet does not write from the front, but uses the description of the scenery to highlight it. "The snow darkens the flag painting, and the wind adds to the sound of drums." The first sentence starts from human vision: the heavy snow covers the sky and the sun, making the colorful paintings on the military flag look eclipsed; the second sentence starts from human hearing: strong wind Howling, intertwined with the majestic marching drums. The two poems are full of sound and color, and each is wonderful in its own way. The poet has a unique expression, using the "flag" and "drum" that symbolize the army to show the strong and fearless spirit of the soldiers fighting the enemy in the snow and the tragic and fierce scenes of fighting the enemy bravely inspired by the sound of the war drum. The last two sentences of the poem: "It is better to be a centurion than a scholar." This directly expresses the ambition and pride of the scholar who joined the army to defend the border and the country. The arduous and fierce battles only increased his love for this extraordinary life. He would rather be a junior officer galloping on the battlefield and fighting to defend the frontier than be a scholar in a study. It expresses the poet's loyal heart to serve the country.