In the winter of Zheng Deyuan in the Ming Dynasty (1506), a colleague was framed by court officials for helping the poor, which angered Liu Jin, the great eunuch of the DPRK, and was killed alive in the temple by a court aide in his forties. Later, he was demoted to Longchang Post Station in Guizhou Province (in today's Yixiu County, Guizhou Province) as a post station. Longchang is surrounded by mountains, with thorns and tails, belonging to an uncultivated primitive wilderness. The local residents are Miao, Yao and other ethnic minorities, unable to communicate with the Han nationality, so they have become hiding places for some exiles in the Central Plains. At this point, the official was desperate and issued a statement: "I just want to wait for my order." He sat day and night, giving up all his thoughts in order to be quiet. Unexpectedly, after a long time, the effect was excellent and refreshing, but the entourage fell ill one by one. So the official personally cut wood and cooked. In order to break the depressing atmosphere, he also sang poems and more songs to make everyone happy. This official is very interested in philosophical speculation, but he is extremely confused and unbelievable about the prevailing Neo-Confucianism in Zhu Cheng. Meditation in the mountains gave him a chance to think seriously. One night, he had an epiphany in meditation and shouted, "Here is the Tao!" " "This official is Wang Shouren, a great philosopher of the Ming Dynasty. The "epiphany" of Longchang Post Station is the beginning of his philosophical system, and it is also a memorable day in the history of ancient philosophy in China.
Wang Shouren (1472- 1528) was born in Boan, Yuyao (now Yuyao City, Zhejiang Province), and was honored as "Mr. Yangming" by scholars because he had studied in Yangming Mountain. Researchers regard him as a master of China's ancient subjective idealism philosophy, and his "mind study" system is a great reaction to Zhu Cheng Neo-Confucianism, which ruled the academic circles at that time. Its appearance is closely related to the political darkness and crisis-ridden social background in the middle of Ming Dynasty.
At the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China, Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder of the Ming Dynasty, set up a literary inquisition, which strengthened the ideological restraint on scholars all over the world, and paid special attention to the propaganda of Neo-Confucianism in Zhu Cheng. Chen Dingyun, a man said, "Emperor Gao, my great ancestor, first established the imperial academy when he ascended the throne, and ordered Xu Cunren to propose a toast. This is Zhu's research. So that literati don't read the Five Classics, don't read the books of Confucius and Mencius, and don't talk about Luo Guan's study of Fujian. " The so-called "Luo Guan Min Xue" refers to the philosophical system of Zhu, a great philosopher in the Song Dynasty. From then on, Zhu Cheng's Neo-Confucianism became the official philosophy of the Ming Dynasty. In the early Ming Dynasty, the Philosophy Forum became a unified platform for the study of Zhu Cheng. At that time, the Neo-Confucianism regarded Zhu and others' works as the supreme dogma, worshiped them, and dared not make any changes. Their disciples are "loyal to their duties, to the truth, to the true story of Confucian scholars, and dare not correct their mistakes", forming a herd and ruthless academic atmosphere.
Corresponding to this rigid, chaotic and suffocating situation in the ideological field, the social and political crisis caused by political decay became increasingly serious in the middle of the Ming Dynasty after "Hongzhi Zhongxing". Zhu Shitang, Emperor Xiaozong of Ming Dynasty, was a famous emperor in the history of Ming Dynasty. In 18 years, the history is called "Hongzhi Zhongxing". He effectively curbed the momentum of the expansion of eunuch power since orthodoxy and Chenghua, and made great efforts to ease social contradictions, which led to a stable situation of "Qing dynasty order, enriching the people and strengthening the country" in the Ming Dynasty for more than a hundred years after the founding of the People's Republic of China. It is not easy to achieve such results. Emperor Xiaozong of Ming Dynasty won many praises for this, and later generations even compared him with Emperor Wendi and Song Renzong.
In the eighteenth year of Hongzhi (1505), Xiaozong died, and Zhu Houzhao, the crown prince aged 15, succeeded to the throne. He is Ming Wuzong. Because the country name is Zhengde, it is also called Zhengde Emperor. What Emperor Zhengde did was different from that of his father. He not only abolished all kinds of measures to promote reform in Xiaozong period, but also indulged in pleasure and ignored the affairs of state affairs, and the eunuch's authoritarian power was heavy and he did not return. At that time, Shi Jing's folk song said: "One is to sit as an emperor, and the other is to establish an emperor." Sitting on the throne of the emperor is Ming Wuzong, who sits high on the throne of Jinbao. The emperor is Liu Jin, the great eunuch of the dynasty. Shortly after Wu Zong ascended the throne, Liu Jin, who was deeply prized, drove away the old minister of the DPRK and began to monopolize power. The minister of the DPRK was afraid of his power and bowed down when he saw him. The personnel of the secret service organization "Factory Guard" manipulated by Liu Jin are even more arrogant and unscrupulous. In addition, Liu Jin also exploited the people's wealth under various excuses and built large-scale projects. People all over the world are angry, local farmers are rioting again and again, and serious infighting has taken place within the ruling class. Faced with this situation, the slightly sober literati fell into deep depression and anxiety, and their hearts were full of a sense of crisis. Some of them try their best to find ways to save the social crisis, and Wang Shouren is one of them.
Wang Shouren once exclaimed, "It has been a long time since the next wave of collapse. What is the difference with the critically ill? " Obviously, he compared the crisis-ridden Ming Dynasty to a dying terminally ill person. In his view, the root of the political crisis of the dynasty was mainly the depression of the world's literati and the confusion in the field of academic thought. He clearly pointed out: "Husband's death is due to the decline of scholar's style, and the decline of scholar's style is due to academic inaccuracy." Those scholars who talk about Zhu Cheng's learning every day don't really understand the true meaning of learning. Therefore, if they want to rule the world, they must first get rid of the learning of old Zhu Cheng and establish a brand-new ideological system that meets the needs of the times. Therefore, Wang Shouren made a successful exploration, and "Yangming's Mind Theory" was the product of this historical condition.
In view of Zhu's view of "eternal justice", he emphasized "unreasonable outside the heart" and "the noumenon of the heart is all-encompassing" He advocates that the principle of everything is consistent with my heart and cannot be completely separated. Based on these remarks, researchers tend to classify his thoughts into the category of subjective idealism philosophy, which is inevitably too simplistic. Zhu Cheng's Neo-Confucianism advocates "natural justice", which is not only the objective law of the material world, but more importantly, it takes the feudal ethical system as the core, that is, the so-called "courtesy means words". "Preserving justice and rejecting human desires" means that everyone should abide by feudal ethics and can't distinguish and understand it with his own will. Wang Shouren put forward "unreasonable outside the heart", which is the "heart" he emphasized, that is, people's subjective cognitive ability. Any thought can only be truly understood and accepted after people's subjective thinking and exploration. The "natural principle" without subjective cognition is just a lifeless and empty thing. This view that "mind" and "reason" can not be separated can be described as a wake-up call, which has played a radical role in disintegrating Zhu Cheng's theoretical system.
However, everyone's cognitive ability is different, especially in the understanding and interpretation of social ethics, so Wang Shouren put forward the theory of "to conscience". He believes that everyone has a conscience. He explained: "Knowledge is the noumenon of the heart, and the heart will naturally know it. Seeing the father naturally knows filial piety, seeing the brother naturally knows sadness, and seeing the boy enter the well naturally knows sadness. This is conscience. " At first glance, this seems to have a strong taste of transcendentalism. In fact, this view first admits that individuals not only have the ability to understand the world, but also have the subjective conditions of judging and analyzing and independently mastering "justice". With this subjective condition, they can master and possess "justice". Wang Shouren further elaborated: "The so-called governor makes my conscience crucial. My inner conscience is so-called justice. " It can be seen that Wang Shouren's "theory of mind and nature" is based on the denial of Zhu Cheng's Neo-Confucianism, emphasizing that everyone is equal in understanding and mastering "natural justice", which is undoubtedly an inspiration for Spring Breeze to emancipate the mind, thus causing a strong response from scholars at that time. Its influence is far-reaching, and Wang Shouren himself gained a high reputation. After the middle of the Ming Dynasty, "not many people believed in Zhu Cheng and did not move." Gu Xiancheng, the party leader at the end of the Ming Dynasty, commented: "After the prince (that is, Wang Shouren) gained righteousness (virtue) and virtue (harmony), he was respected in the world, even surpassing Confucius."
Another important part of Wang Shouren's philosophy is the theory of "the unity of knowledge and action". Zhu advocated that "the prophet should act before he does", but later generations of scholars gradually formed an atmosphere of knowing but not acting, which was more representative after the middle of Ming Dynasty. Wang Shouren once criticized: "Modern scholars divide' cognition' and' behavior' into two different things, emphasizing that we must understand what we want to do before we can put it into practice, which leads to lifelong failure." "Scholars don't solve practical problems in a down-to-earth manner, but they are entangled in the argument of words and can only get lost in nothingness." Therefore, Wang Shouren advocated "the unity of knowledge and practice" and called on his "comrades" to solve the social problems before them. This is the ultimate goal of Wang Shouren's creation of a new philosophical system.
Wang Shouren said frankly that his theory was obtained after experiencing "great hardships". This shows that Wang Shouren actively participated in social and political activities while establishing his own academic system. Just like the "epiphany" of Longchang Post Station, it happened in the most difficult time of his life, and his progress in philosophy is closely related to his life practice.
Wang Shouren, miracles are rare. 15 years old, traveling alone in Juyongguan and Shanhaiguan, famous mountains and rivers in the world. Besides studying hard, I especially like to talk about soldiers and practice archery. Wang Shouren had a soft spot for philosophical thinking since he was a child. At the age of 65,438+07, he went to Shangrao to call on Lou Liang, a famous scholar, to discuss Zhu's theory of "being a teacher". After visiting Jiuhua Mountain, I built a room in Yangmingshan. After thinking hard, I found nothing for several years. In the 12th year of Hongzhi (1499), Wang Shouren was admitted to the Jinshi examination, and he embarked on his official career. At that time, in the later period of Hongzhi, Wang Shouren worked hard and tried to show his grand ambition. However, the good times did not last long. After Ming Wuzong ascended the throne, the situation took a turn for the worse, and the state affairs suddenly fell into a quagmire of chaos. Liu Jin, the great eunuch, is arbitrary and reckless. Wang Shouren, who witnessed the country's chaos from rule to rule and was an official in Beijing, was very angry and finally stood up to defend the framed officials when he was fed up. Liu Jin was very angry and gave Wang Shouren a good beating in court. Wang Shouren was beaten raw and came back from the dead, but he was lucky to save his life. It is said that after Wang Shouren was exiled, Liu Jin sent someone to kill him. Wang Shouren disguised himself as a drowning man to escape from the jaws of death. Finally, he was worried about causing trouble to his relatives. Just arrived at Longchang Post Station. Here, in extreme depression, Wang Shouren realized the truth of "unreasonable outside the heart" and "nothing outside the heart", got rid of the shackles of orthodox thought and found another way outside Zhu Cheng's Neo-Confucianism. The trip to Longchang Post Station was also a turning point in Wang Shouren's political activities.
In the fifth year of Zheng De (15 10), Liu Jin was executed, and officials who disobeyed orders were punished, and Wang Shouren came to light again. Although the Korean government has improved, the broken situation is not optimistic at all. For a long time, serious land annexation and expropriation have greatly aggravated the polarization between the rich and the poor, intensified social contradictions, and thus led to the turbulent situation of "everyone thinks he is in chaos". Peasant uprisings broke out one after another, and the bureaucratic ruling group was overwhelmed and exhausted. Scholar-officials in feudal times often regarded Wang Shouren as a model of scholars' achievements and boasted about his "Eight Great Achievements". In our view today, most of these "achievements" are related to the suppression of peasant uprisings, so Wang Shouren is suspected of being "a loyal pawn of the feudal court" and "the executioner of suppressing peasant uprisings". Of course, we can't criticize the ancients, but there is no need to praise these so-called "achievements". There is only one "achievement" as an exception, which is closely related to the honor and disgrace of Wang Shouren's life, and that is "pacifying Chen Hao's rebellion".
Zhu is the great-grandson of Zhu Quan, the seventeenth son of Zhu Yuanzhang, and Zhu Quan's fief was originally in Daning. After the war in Jingnan, he moved to Nanchang, and was transferred to Nanchang as a left-back in Tianshun for "breaking the law". Ten years of Hongzhi (1497), Zhu Jiwei. At that time, Ming Wuzong was lucky to travel, eunuch Liu Jin was authoritarian, Sejong had no prince, and the people in the ruling and opposition parties were in danger. Zhu felt that this opportunity came once in a blue moon, so he began to secretly move. He sent eunuch Liang An to send Liu Jin twenty thousand gold and silver, so that Liu Jin could restore the privilege of guarding the wasteland in Wang Ning in the second year of Zheng De (1507). After Liu Jin was eliminated, Zhu's bodyguard was removed, but his ambition to covet the throne became more and more urgent. In order to regain the right to defend the land reclamation, Zhu bribed Zang Xian, the favorite of Ming Wuzong, and his attendants with a lot of gold and silver. At the same time, I got the secret help from various forces in Beijing, and finally got my wish, and my rebellious heart became more determined. However, considering that his son is expected to enter the successor East Palace and become the Prince of Wuzong, he has been keeping it.
In the 14th year of Zheng De's reign (15 19), in June, due to the intrigue among the attendants, Wu Zong was alert to Zhu's behavior, and many ministers wrote to expose his illegal crimes of deceiving the monarch, so Wu Zong decided to take back the guards and wasteland. Zhu immediately launched a rebellion when he heard the news. He has killed many disobedient Jiangxi local officials, with Li Shishi and Wei Liu as prime ministers and Wang Lun as the minister of war and the military marshal of the governor. Then it rose from Nanchang and captured Jiujiang, Nankang and other places, known as "100,000 troops". He was very arrogant at that time.
Wang Shouren, the governor of Gannan at that time, had already noticed Zhu's rebellious heart. When the rebellion broke out, it happened that Wang Shouren went to Fujian to deal with the rebellion of soldiers in the health center. Thanks to this business trip, Wang Shouren escaped a disaster. Because after Zhu's rebellion, most local officials in Jiangxi were arrested and killed. After the situation in Fujian subsided, Wang Shouren learned the news of the rebellion on his way back to Nanchang, then disguised himself and rushed to Ji 'an to mobilize the command.
Wang Shouren had a written order from the imperial court in advance, so he had the right to spread the news to four counties, quickly collect soldiers' food, and participate in counterinsurgency. After the arrival of various military forces, Wang Shouren called everyone together to discuss the strategy to meet the enemy. He said: "It is not the best policy for a military strategist to rush in front of his soldiers or attack places where he is prepared." Our army deliberately indicated that it could not persist, and the rebels would attack, so our army could follow behind and wait for an opportunity to attack. First recover Nanchang and destroy its nest. When they return to the division for rescue, they can intercept and invite them to attack. This is the strategy to defeat the enemy! "Wang Shouren's plan has been unanimously approved by the people. Sure enough, he sent spies to explore the road, but Zhu failed to hold on.
On the first day of July, Zhu couldn't help it any longer. He left Nanchang and led the army down the Yangtze River, claiming to take Nanjing directly. After arriving in Anqing, the magistrate Zhang and others resolutely refused to surrender and struggled to defend the city. Although Zhu tried his best to attack the city, he still failed to conquer it. Knowing that Zhu had left Nanchang, he ordered all the armies to meet and attack Nanchang. And Ji' an magistrate Wu each attacked a door. He said that if he had known that Zhu was laying an ambush outside the city, he would lead troops out of the city to meet him and attack him overnight. At the same time, everyone was secretly sent, telling people to stay indoors, not to help the rebels, and not to run away without permission. After all the troops arrived at the city gate on time, Wang Shouren immediately issued a stern order: "Attach a big drum to the city, and then install it. Two or three drums are not punished, and four drums are not smashed. " Contrary to the imperial army, Nanchang defenders went against the wind, and some gates were not even closed. Wang Shouren led the army and soon occupied the whole city.
Zhu has been attacking Anqing for a long time, and he has been defeated repeatedly. Suddenly, it was reported that Nanchang had been taken. Counselor Li Shishi and others advised him never to return to Li. He should leave Anqing and attack Nanjing directly. If he can ascend the throne in Nanjing, Jiangxi will surrender. However, Zhu was very worried and refused to obey, and ordered him to lead a great army out of Anqing to save Nanchang.
After the news came, Wang Shouren called people to discuss. It has been suggested that, in view of Zhu's military strength, our reinforcements have not yet arrived and it is difficult to resist. It is better to hold on to them and wait for assistance from all directions. If the rebels can't attack for a long time, they will be defeated without fighting. Wang Shouren doesn't think so. He said: "Although Zhu's military strength is strong, everywhere he went, he burned, killed and plundered, and did not fight against it. Zhu's morale is bound to be accompanied by wealth and splendor. Now he can't make progress, his lair has been overturned, his heart has been divorced, and he has returned home in frustration. Our army will attack with victory and win. " On the same day, another Fuzhou magistrate led the troops to help. Wang Shouren rewarded the three armed forces and prepared to fight the rebels.
When he learned that the rebels had entered the vicinity of Nanchang, Wang Shouren began to deploy troops, dividing the whole army into several units, fighting the rebels in two ways, attacking from two wings in two ways, and sending a military and horses around the enemy's rear. On July 24, the rebels marched into the Huangjiadu area, and the flames were blazing and shouting. Wang Shouren's men pretended to retreat two armies from the front. The rebels thought they had a chance and rushed forward one after another. The ranks were in chaos and the front and rear teams were not connected with each other. The loyalist soldiers and horses around the enemy's defense line began to attack, and the enemy scattered in panic, and the loyalist soldiers jointly fought back. The rebels are surrounded by enemies, unwilling to fight, just want to run for their lives. More than 2,000 loyalist prisoners were beheaded, and tens of thousands of rebels drowned. After the defeat, Zhu summoned the disabled soldiers and tried to make a comeback.
Wang Shouren's strength is limited, and he can't launch a large-scale counterattack, so he can only wait for reinforcements everywhere. Jiujiang and Nankang, two important traffic towns, were occupied by rebels, making it difficult for reinforcements to enter Nanchang. So Wang Shouren suited himself to attack Jiujiang and Nankang. At the same time, Zhu decided to make the last stop, reward the soldiers, and focus on Jiujiang and Nankang to attack Nanchang. As a result, loyalists went into battle, killing hundreds of people, and the situation was very critical. Wu, the loyalist striker, withdrew his troops and stood in the gun room, burning his needs without moving. Loyalist morale was greatly boosted, and the rebels were bombarded by Zhu's ship. In order to save the defeat, the rebels connected the ships on the river into a phalanx, ready to join forces to resist. Seeing this situation, Wu was ready to fire. The loyalist was in a four-in-one situation and agreed to attack on all fronts when firing. Just as Zhu took out all the gold and silver to reward the sergeant and prepared to slay the soldiers who got cold feet, loyalists came from all directions, paid by boats, set fire to the wind, and the flames soared, and the rebels rushed to escape. When Zhu saw the tide ebbing, he said goodbye to all his concubines, who all died in the water. Zhu and most of his officials gave in easily.
Loyalist pushed forward, actively expanded their achievements and wiped out the beaten army fleeing everywhere. Then Jiujiang and Nankang were recovered, and the loyalist led by Wang Shouren won a great victory with a brilliant record. When the soldiers sent the prison car carrying Zhu to Nanchang, the whole city of Nanchang was surrounded by soldiers and civilians, and the cheers shook the world. When Zhu saw it, he shouted in the sill car, "Mr. Wang, I want to reduce the number of guards as much as possible." Can you please be reduced to Shu Ren? " Wang Shouren's clear voice replied: "This is a national law!"
While Wang Shouren led the soldiers to fight bloody battles with the rebels, Ming Wuzong was extremely excited to prepare for his southern tour. After Liu Jin's fall from power, Zheng De, who was addicted to pleasure, had no intention of converging and cheering up, and was indifferent to state affairs. Encouraged by Jiang Bin, the recent minister, and others, Wu Zong even left Beijing to cruise around and pursue excitement. Everywhere I go, it makes my chickens and dogs restless and full of complaints. Since Wu Zong was tired of playing in the north, he wanted to go south. The officials risked their lives to remonstrate, which made Wu Zong disappointed and forced him to exercise a little restraint. Things going south have temporarily run aground. After the news of Zhu's rebellion reached Beijing, Wu Zong did not show indignation, but was very happy, thinking that the time had finally come to go south. In order to reduce the pressure of public opinion in the ruling and opposition parties, he had to bring several officials who colluded with Zhu to justice, and then happily planned to take the left and right officials to the south. The military commanders around the cronies have offered suggestions, and Wu Zong is even more anxious. On July 13, he issued a decree, "In order to make the governor's military affairs mighty, General Zhu Shoutong, the duke of the town, recruited soldiers in various towns to suppress the rebels." In fact, this "Zhu Shou" was none other than Wu Zong himself. In order to obstruct the remonstrance of civil and military officials, he also explicitly sentenced the "offender" to death. On August 22nd, I officially set off from Beijing.
To Wu Zong's dismay, as soon as the Expeditionary Force arrived in Liangzhou, Hebei Province, there came the good news of Wang Shouren's rebellion. Made a final struggle to prevent Zhu's remaining party, and also prepared to personally escort prisoners to Beijing. Water under the bridge. Since Wu Zong still refused to give up, on the one hand, he put pressure on Wang Shouren's performance, on the other hand, he made Wang Shouren stay put and wait for the holy drive. "The general won the battle only on the battlefield." At the beginning of Zhu's rebellion, when the situation was extremely critical, he remained calm and unpredictable. It fully demonstrated the wisdom and courage of Confucian generals. In just over 30 days, a long-planned large-scale armed rebellion was put down. However, in addition to victory, he also needs to deal with more difficult problems. Since Wu Zong and his minions don't need the victory he won with the blood of other soldiers, Wang Shouren, who won a great victory on the battlefield, is even more embarrassed and struggling.
On the way south, the dissolute and shameless modality of Wu Zong and courtiers was really exposed. The lecherous Wu Zongnan couldn't give up his beloved Liu Meiren. When he left, Wu Zongxian asked Liu Meiren to move to Tongzhou and promised to pick her up soon. When he left, affectionate Liu Meiren took a hairpin as a token so that the messenger could take it to see him in the future. Unexpectedly, since the gallop, lost this hair clasp, can not help but be frightened to disgrace. He ordered his officials to dig three feet to find Hosta. The left and right attendants had a lot of trouble, and Hosta was nowhere to be seen. Since Wu Zong was frustrated, he was driven out of his mind. After arriving in Linqing, Shandong Province, he had no choice but to take the imperial edict and order people to meet Liu Meiren. Liu Meiren, seeing that the bearer didn't promise, insisted on refusing to follow up. When the messenger returned empty-handed, no one expected that Wu Zong, a "sentimental seed", was so eager to miss the beauty that he walked out of the military camp alone, or went back to Tongzhou day and night to meet Liu Meiren. The left and right courtiers found that the emperor was gone, and they couldn't catch up. On the way back with five families, I happened to meet the ship of Huguang Renlin, and when I saw one of his concubines with outstanding appearance, I never gave up and took her with me. Wu Zongying spent more than a month before and after his trip to Liu Meiren, so Wu Zongying and his party didn't arrive in Nanjing until1February.
In addition to the prodigal son of heaven, the near ministers around him also came up with various tricks to let Wu Zong enjoy himself and seize the opportunity to manipulate the power in the DPRK. On the one hand, they are jealous of Wang Shouren's achievements and try their best to condemn and suppress them. On the other hand, they were more or less involved with Zhu, and were bribed, fearing to get evidence after the counter-insurgency. In addition, after Zhu's rebellion, he asked Wu Zong to punish the traitors, and others hated it even more. Therefore, he wanted to strike first, so he fabricated a rumor that he had colluded with Zhu for a long time, and finally he was worried about rebellion. When Wu Zongpin heard this, he became suspicious. Zhong Zhang and others, in order to please and flatter, made much ado about nothing to ask Zhu and other rebels to stay in Poyang Lake and be captured by Wu Zong. This is exactly what Wu Zong wanted, so he immediately agreed and sent Zhong Zhang, Xu Tai and others to lead the imperial army into Jiangxi and take over the rebels from Wang Shouren.
What Zhong Zhang and others did was really sinister. If we follow this plan, they will not only deny the credit of Wang Shouren and other soldiers, but also put Wu Zong in an extremely dangerous situation. Wang Shouren obviously saw this. Wang Shouren before they arrived, first to the capital to offer prisoners, request since retreat. This aroused the suspicion of Wu Zong, and of course ignored it and continued to go south. At that time, Zhang Yong, the military eunuch of Hangzhou magistrate, was stationed in Hangzhou. Compared with Zhong Zhang and others, Zhang Yong and Yang Yiqing conspired to eradicate the heinous Liu Jin and won the favor of the officials and people all over the world. In order not to let Zhong Zhang, Jiang Bin and others succeed, Wang Shouren rushed to Hangzhou to praise Zhang Yongzhi's virtue face to face and intercede for him at the same time. He said: "The people of Jiangxi have been persecuted by Zhu and other rebels for a long time, but now they have experienced chaos. Coupled with drought and no rain, the army's wages are in a hurry, which is extremely difficult. If they don't rescue in time, they will gather people for the party and occupy the valley with thieves. Now that the rebellion has been decided, there is still a trend of disintegration and mutual dissolution. Even if the imperial army is sent, it is easy to eliminate! " Wang Shouren's intention is to prevent Wu Zongnan from going down to Jiangxi to torture the exhausted local people. After listening to this, Zhang Yong deeply agreed and confided his difficulties: "I went south this time because the traitors followed the emperor, so I had to recuperate secretly, not for merit." It's just that the saints can say whatever they want. If you go against his wishes, you will anger the adulterer and others. I'm afraid it doesn't help at all. The public has made great contributions to the country and cannot directly take credit for the emperor. "Attitude is quite sincere, that he and others are not the same group, so he handed Zhu He and other prisoners to him, and then set off for Jiangxi.
After five cases arrived in Nanjing, they took Liu Meiren to see the lakes and mountains every day, full of interest and happiness. After Zhong Zhang and others returned to Nanking, they tried their best to denigrate Wang Shouren. Fortunately, Zhang Yong told the loyalty and benevolence around Wu Zong. In the past, Zhong Zhang and others often asked Wang Shouren to see the holy driving. Wang Shouren thought it was their trick, so he often made excuses. Zhong Zhang and others were unfaithful to Wu Zongyan and Wang Shouren, and suggested that Wu Zongyan write a letter to try. Zhang Yongji sent his men to inform Wang Shouren first. When the emperor's angel arrived, Wang Shouren vomited and ate. When Zhong Zhang and Xu Tai saw Wang Shouren coming, they were embarrassed, but they were flustered and frustrated to prevent Wu Zong from seeing Wang Shouren. Wang Shouren doesn't mind. He took off his official uniform and entered Jiuhua Mountain. Talking about Hyunri with Taoist priests every day in Taoist temples. Free and elegant, quite forgetful. Since happened to play in the mountains, glanced at Zhong Zhang and others framed Wang Shouren a little disgusted. He said to his disciples, "Wang Shouren is a master of Zen and Taoism. He is very elegant. He will be here, so why not! " Immediately called Shouren, sent him back to Nanchang Town, and sent him to Shu Jie.
Wang Shouren seems to understand general Wu's intention. In the redrafted book, Wang Shouren begins by saying: "Try to quell the rebellion by the general's plan." This is undoubtedly attributed to Wu Zong's military strategy in the first place, and at the same time, all the ministers who have been favored by Wu Zong in the near future have been written into the hero list. Wang Shouren's book is full of false contents, and I'm really happy with Mr. Wu. Zhong Zhang, Xu Tai and others also have nothing to say. Wu Zong, who is still wanting more, staged another farce. He and all your ministers are dressed in military uniforms and lead the imperial city. Dozens of miles out of the city, the four armies formed a phalanx. He ordered Zhu and other prisoners to put them in chains and put them in a corner of the square. Then casually sounded the golden bell and drum, while others waited for an opportunity to attack Zhu. After catching Zhu as easy as blowing off dust, he was tied up again and put into the prison car. Your courtiers are flattering. Since then, Wu Zong has taken all the achievements of pacifying Zhu as his own, and then proudly ordered the army to move back to North Korea. The farce of Wuzong took place in the leap August of the fifteenth year of Zheng De (1520), which has been more than a year since Wang Shouren put down the rebellion. On the way to the war, Ming Wuzong wept with joy. When fishing for fun, the boat fell into the water and got sick from then on.
After returning to Beijing in December, Wu Zong held a grand triumph ceremony, which caused a sensation in Beijing. Wu Zong himself stood under the Zhengyang Gate, dressed in military uniform, commanding and arrogant. However, for Mr. Wu, who is addicted to pleasure and suffering from illness, I am afraid it is only a flash in the pan. Two days later, when Wu Zong was carrying out sacrificial activities in the southern suburbs, he got internal diseases and vomited blood. The doctors tried their best, but they couldn't help it. February and March of the following year, the year of death was 3 1. When Wu Zong crossed Tongzhou, he put Zhu to death and burned his body, but he died three months later. I'm afraid this ironic ending was never expected by Wang Shouren, and we may not be able to understand the philosopher's complex mood. He fought bloody battles with all the soldiers and could put down an armed rebellion that had been planned for a long time in a short time, but he was helpless to this fatuous emperor. In contrast, the rebellious Zhu seems to be more brilliant. His denunciation and analysis of Wu Zong can be said to be true, and his attack on this incompetent monarch is not unreasonable. Wang Shouren not only turned a blind eye to the excesses of Wu Zong, but also pretended to be deaf. Instead, I am willing to act as a pawn, running around to help and work hard. But the result is that the merits are not worth the loss, rumors are everywhere, and it is difficult to protect itself.
At the beginning of Sejong's accession to the throne, he was determined to seek to govern the country, and was prepared to reward and reuse Wang Shouren, who had outstanding achievements and enjoyed a high reputation. However, it was blocked by the DPRK minister. Wang Qiong, the minister of the Ministry of War, appreciated and supported Wang Shouren very much, and Wang Shouren was also grateful to Wang Qiong. However, Yang Tinghe, the cabinet record, was at odds with Wang Qiong and was extremely dissatisfied with Wang Shouren. Other ministers are also jealous of Wang Shouren's fame and achievements. Therefore, Sejong only worships Wang Shouren as the history of Nanjing Ministry of War, which is really an insignificant sinecure. Therefore, Wang Shouren has no excuse to go home and visit his relatives in his new job. Later, the imperial court awarded Wang Shouren the title of "Doctor Guanglu, Zhu Guo, Xinjian Bo, hereditary, age 1000 stone", which was probably the highest reward for the meritorious military service in the Ming Dynasty. However, this kind of reward is nominal, and it does not give the immortal an iron ticket as usual, nor does it actually pay the annual salary. Among the officials who fought side by side at that time, only Wu, the magistrate of Ji' an, was promoted to a big official and was rewarded. Most of the rest were promoted secretly and received unfair treatment. At that time, Wang Shouren was mourning in his hometown, which made him very angry. He frequently asked to resign his title and reward other heroes. But these plays, like stones, have no answers. After the expiration of the funeral leave, the court did not call Shouren to Beijing. In fact, he became a hermit with nothing to do but his title. Wang Shouren devoted all his energy to speech and writing, which was also a period of remarkable academic achievements. Yangming's mind system is becoming more and more mature and its influence is becoming more and more extensive. Obviously, political frustration has become a great driving force for academic achievements.
In the sixth year of Jiajing (1527), a large-scale tribal armed riot occurred in Guangxi, and the government troops went to suppress it, which repeatedly failed, which reminded the rulers of the DPRK of the capable Wang Shouren. So Sejong ordered him to be the former official of the empire and the left capital, and the governor and governor of Guangdong and Guangxi. After Wang Shouren was ordered to go to Guangxi, he disagreed with cabinet ministers on the disposal strategy. The cabinet is in charge of the war, and the benevolent government is in charge. Sejong is ambiguous about this. Wang Shouren quickly quelled the riots with fewer troops, and threatened to withdraw and secretly marched into the Datengxia area. Datengxia is an area where a large number of Yao and Zhuang people gather. The local people struggled for decades to get rid of the oppression of the Ming government. Wang Shouren launched a surprise attack, and the uprising people were caught off guard and caught in heavy encirclement. Wang Shouren ordered the loyalist to carry out cruel slaughter, and the bodies were everywhere, stinking. Wang Shouren immediately to sejong hydrophobic victory. Sejong was naturally very happy to learn this news, and ordered the cabinet ministers to discuss how to raise Wang Shouren. Yang Yiqing Ben and Wang Shouren's record of obedience