Dynasty: Tang Dynasty
Author: Du Fu
Original text:
Who is cuter than her? However, she lives alone in an empty valley.
She told me that she came from a good family and now she is humble to the dust.
When the problem appeared in the customs area, her brother and close relatives were killed.
What's the use of them in high positions, they can't even protect their own lives? .
The world is dismissive of adversity, and hope will go out like the light of a candle.
Her husband, with a wandering heart, is looking for a new face like jade.
When the morning glory is rolled up at night, the mandarin ducks lie side by side.
He can only see the smile of his new love, but he can't hear the cry of his old love.
The stream is pure at the source of the mountain, but its water turns dark far away from the mountain.
Wait for her maid to come back after selling pearls, and then she needs straw to build the roof.
She picked some flowers, not for her hair, but for letting pine needles fall from her fingers.
She forgot the thin silk sleeves and the cold, and leaned against a tall bamboo.
Du Fu's beauty not only reflects objective social problems, but also reflects people's subjective sustenance. The tragic fate of the characters in the poem is in sharp contrast with the noble sentiments, which is both sympathetic and admirable. The poet used "Fu" to describe the tragic life of a beautiful woman, and at the same time used "Bi Xing" to praise her noble character. The whole poem is a masterpiece of Du Fu's poems, which is implicit, intriguing and touching, and can strongly arouse readers' sense of * * *.
The whole poem is divided into three paragraphs, each with eight sentences. The first paragraph is about the unfortunate experience of a beautiful family. In the second paragraph, the beauty poured out the great misfortune of being abandoned by her husband. In the third paragraph, praise the noble sentiment that a beautiful woman can lead an honest and clean life despite misfortune.
"Who is more lovely than her? However, she lives alone in an empty valley. She told me that she comes from a good family, which is humble dust. " In the first two paragraphs, the first sentence describes the beauty of its appearance and the second sentence describes the height of its products. With the help of a quiet environment, it highlights the loneliness of a beautiful woman, points out the sadness of her fate and predicament, and implies the poet's lament that "neither of us is happy-until the end of the day". The above four sentences are descriptions in the third person, with implicit style.
"Her brothers and relatives were killed when there was unrest in the customs area. What's the use of them in high positions, they can't even protect their own lives? "From here to the first person, the tone is straightforward and bright. An Shi Rebellion, Chang 'an fell, and his brother was killed. No matter how high the official position is, it is useless. Even their dead bones can't be gathered. In June of the fifteenth year of Tianbao (756), the Anshi Rebellion captured Chang 'an. "Official height" echoes the above-mentioned "good family", emphasizing that a beautiful woman comes from a noble family.
"The world is dismissive of adversity and hopes to be extinguished like the light of a candle. Her husband, with a wandering heart, is looking for a new face like jade. " These four sentences evoke feelings, depicting the world is cold and human feelings are warm and cold. Liu Chenweng in the Song Dynasty commented: "You can't feel anything without gossiping." "Turn the candle", swaying with the candle in the wind, is a metaphor for the rapid change of the world and the passage of time.
"When the morning glory is rolled up at night, Yuanyang lies side by side. All he can see is the smile of his new love, but he can't hear the cry of his old love. " The poet uses concrete metaphors to describe the ruthlessness of ungrateful people and the sadness and pain of abandoned people. The words of beautiful women who pour out their personal misfortunes and lament the indifference of the world are full of grief and injustice. A "new", an "old", a "laugh" and a "cry" are in sharp contrast, and the abandoned wife is in tears, just like now. Cordate telosma blooms at night, so they say "mandarin ducks know the time". On the other hand, they live in pairs by the water.
"This stream is pure at its mountain source, but its water darkens away from the mountain. Waiting for her maid to sell pearls and cover the roof with straw. " These words seem sad, but they are very infectious. It is the beauty who speaks and makes her own wishes, which means reserved and generous, clean and beautiful. At the same time, we can also see that the beautiful home environment is simple and quiet, and life is poor and embarrassed. Pu Qilong commented: "These two sentences can be described as the hearts of true scholars and the tongues of people. There is no such thing as Jian 'an. It comes from The Book of Songs Xiaoya April: "Compared with spring water, it is clear and turbid." . "But in this poem, there are many explanations, all with some truth. Or take the new couple and the old as clear turbidity, or the former China and the later China as clear turbidity, or abandon the home as clear turbidity, or keep chastity as clear turbidity. Some people think that beauty is comparing herself with spring water and her husband's home with mountains, which means that a woman is loved by her husband and the world thinks she is pure; Abandoned by her husband, the world thought she was turbid. Another explanation is that a beautiful woman complains about her husband. A person in a remote place in an empty valley is like a spring in a mountain, and nothing can affect its clarity. The beautiful husband came out of the mountain and swayed with the logistics, so he became a muddy spring at the foot of the mountain. And she would rather be hungry and cold than remarry and become the muddy spring. This is like Sun Chuo's Preface to Poems of Lanting in Three Days in Jin Dynasty: "The ancients talked about water as a metaphor! More than that, it is clear, and miscellaneous is turbid. Feelings migrate because of what you have learned, and things get excited when you touch them. "
She picked some flowers, not for the sake of her hair, and let the pine needles fall through her fingers. She forgot the thin silk sleeves and the cold, and leaned on a tall bamboo tree, bathing in the sunset. "At the end of the sentence, a few words ended with a description of the scenery, depicting the loneliness and incomparable beauty, with intention outside the painting and affection outside the image. In the beauty of the body, the beauty of the soul is revealed. This kind of beauty is not only a kind of female beauty, but also an ideal beauty pursued by ancient literati. The poem implies that this perverse woman, like a cold-resistant cypress and a vigorous bamboo, has noble sentiments. The last two sentences of this poem are admired by later generations. Beauty cannot be described in one word. Only "Cuixiu" and "Xiuzhu", which are fresh and attractive images, combine with the environment in the mountains in the cold sunset, vividly depicting the lonely posture of beauty.
This five-character ancient poem is "saying" from the beginning to the bottom, and a picture is suddenly added at the end of the two sentences. This is the genius of the author. He didn't use an ending to keep the reader's appetite, but deliberately used a suspense to keep the reader's appetite. Anyone who has read this poem, as soon as he closes his eyes, will see such a picture in his mind: a peerless beauty, but especially unfortunate, standing there in the autumn wind and dusk, wearing thin clothes and looking lonely, with his back against a bunch of bamboo, his eyes showing sadness.
There are many excellent poems about abandoned wives in ancient times. For example, Feng Wei in The Book of Songs, picking grass in Han Yuefu and so on. However, the poem "Long Men Fu" describes the abandoned Queen Chen, and two of the sentences "What a beautiful woman, taking a leisurely walk to entertain herself" are the source of the poem title of Du Fu's "Beauty". Du Fu seldom wrote poems about objects, but Beauty became a famous poem about objects because of its high style. The clear spring in the mountain sees its purity, the maid sells pearls to see its poor livelihood, leads Luo to fill the house to see its ambition of seclusion, picks flowers without wearing them to see its simplicity and modesty, picks cypresses to see its chastity, and leans against bamboo to see its lofty loneliness at dusk. The poet described the misfortune of an upper-class woman who was abandoned in the war with a purely objective narrative method, and adopted the methods of narration, discussion and image metaphor to reveal her noble sentiment in adversity, thus making this character more full. ▲