Shepherd boy
Classical poetry
Original (Caopu Yoko Liu Qili)
< Don > Lv Yan's words: Dong Bin Caodian is 167 miles across the field, and Flute Lane is 23 or 4 sounds in the evening breeze. Come back from a full meal at dusk, and don't take off your hemp fiber.
To annotate ...
① Yoko: Guangyuan Leaf ② Make: tease. Hemp fiber: a brown or straw-colored coat used to shelter from wind and rain.
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Green grass, vast Yuan Ye, endless. The flute sounded intermittently in the evening breeze, melodious. When the shepherd boy came back from a hearty meal, it was already after dusk. He didn't even take off his hemp fiber, so he lay on the grass and watched the bright moon rest. The grass seems to have been spread on the ground, and it is everywhere in Fiona Fang. In the evening breeze, the melodious flute sounds of three or four shepherd boys came faintly. At dusk after supper, the shepherd boy came back from the pasture. He didn't even take off his hemp fiber, so he lay happily on the grass and looked at the bright moon in the sky.
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The poem "1( 16) Pictures of Shepherd Boy's Works of Art" shows us a vivid picture of Shepherd Boy coming home at night. We saw the quiet and leisurely life of the shepherd boy. Through the poem, we also see the author's inner world's yearning for a life away from the hustle and bustle and enjoying a happy life: the vast Yuan Ye is covered with green grass; The evening breeze is blowing the weeds. I haven't seen the shepherd boy come back yet, but I first heard the melodious and approaching flute of the shepherd boy coming from the wind. The flute sounded intermittently and fluttered with the wind. The shepherd boy came back and had a good meal. It's already after dusk. He didn't even take off his hemp fiber, so he lay in the open field to rest on a moonlit night. It shows the carefree and innocent nature of children. There are scenes, feelings, characters and voices in the poem. This vivid scene appears in our field of vision from far and near. The word "shop" shows the gentle comfort of the grass and grassland. The word "Nong" writes a kind of interest, conveying the meaning that the flute in the wind is melodious and elegant, and the shepherd boy plays the flute. Six or seven miles and three or four sounds here do not refer to definite figures, but to highlight the silence of the vast countryside in Yuan Ye in the evening.
Brief introduction of the author
Tang (who lived around 874 AD) was a rocker. The word Dong Bin comes from Yongle in the river (Pu Banyun). (Tang Cairen is said to be from Jingzhao. This was unknown to the whole Tang Dynasty. About Tang Xizong lived in Ganfuchu. The first and second county orders of junior middle schools in Xian Tong. Value of Huang Chao's chaos, so I returned to the south with my family and set sail on the rivers and lakes. According to legend, he later met the abdicated immortal clock in Chang 'an Restaurant, and he didn't know what to do. This is the widely circulated story of "Huang Liangmeng", and many novelists and dramatists regard it as the theme of novels and operas. Yan's poems are widely circulated, and the whole Tang poetry is compiled into four volumes, which are well known. Art Works of Shepherd Boy II (7) Picture Supplement: Yan Lu (a speech) is a famous Taoist priest in the Five Dynasties and the Early Song Dynasty. No, Junko. When you say the name Dong Bin, you are talking about the word Dong Bin. Its nationality, birth and death are unknown every year. Earlier records in Song Dynasty called him "Guan" or "Guan Youren". After the Yuan Dynasty, it was more consistent that he was from Yongle Town, Puban County, Hezhongfu (now Ruicheng, Shanxi), or Dongping (now Dongping, Shandong). One of the "Eight Immortals" handed down from ancient times. Xian Tong years, he was a scholar, twice as a county magistrate. During the Huang Chao Uprising, he took his family to Zhong Nanshan to study Taoism. According to legend, he later met the immortal Han Zhongli in Chang 'an Restaurant, and he didn't know what to do. He was born in the late Tang Dynasty and died in the early Song Dynasty. He and Chen Tuan are contemporaries. As for later generations pushing his life story to Tang Kaiyuan (765,438+03 ~ 7465,438+0), it was attached to the story of Taoist Lu Weng recorded in A Story of Sleeping on the Pillow by Shen Jiji of the Tang Dynasty. In addition, there are many legends and opinions vary. What is more credible is the record in National History: Lv Dongbin, a Confucian scholar, transferred to another school because of the unfavorable examination room, studied under Zhong Liquan, a hermit of the Five Dynasties, lived in seclusion in Zhong Nanshan and lived in Guanzhong and other places. "Hundreds of years old, looks like a baby. There is fencing in the world. When it comes to Chen Tuan's room, it is associated with legends such as Chen Tuan and Li Qi (a work called Li Qi). Good poems express the essence of inner alchemy and contribute to the formation of inner alchemy. Shi Jian Wu (Huayangzi), a disciple of the Northern Song Dynasty, preached and taught. Lv Dongbin regarded Dan as the way to cultivate immortality and Zen as the Sect. He claimed that "young scholars are good at learning Confucianism, and they are good at nature, and they abandon the nobility when they cultivate Tianjue, but they don't know the vacuum. Heaven never stops at personnel, and vacuum cannot be separated from karma. " It is pointed out: "Those who cultivate Dan should first correct their furnace. "The spirit is the elixir, the spirit is the medicine, and the eyes, ears, mouth and nose are the eight doors of the furnace." Always stick to "and don't hurt the truth inside." Then, in the furnace of heaven and earth, the tripod of nature, reconcile drugs, match yin and yang, and refine the spirit. "It is believed that' those who follow the Heaven's path will always keep their Yuan Yang's truth and essence, and they will live forever' and say' only refine the five elements'. It is advocated that one day is a year, the day is spring and summer, and the night is autumn and winter. " Raise and lower yin and yang, run four sequences, and start practicing day and night. He also believes that "the root of life is anger. First of all, there is a husband and a woman; There are three men and three women. The golden man picked yellow buds at Jiugongtai, and the jade girl picked snow on the twelfth floor. Fire is divided into gossip in water; Lian Yang bid farewell to Kyushu in Yin. Therefore, the three fields will be in harmony, and the fire dragon, out of ignorance, will succeed in a thousand days and swim in Pengdao. There are eight ways to cover ten: seven are small successes, six are medium successes and five are great successes. It is suggested that cultivation should start with eliminating six desires and seven emotions, cleaning up the accumulated gas in the heart and concentrating. Elbow-back method, that is, the drug is carried back to the back through the tail and enters the brain. It is necessary to consider the dragon-tiger river car, but it is necessary to prevent kidney-yang deficiency from entering the top, causing fever. Therefore, it is necessary for three men, Zhen, Kan and Gen, and three women, Xun, Li and Dui, to "pitch away, get up and save, and not rush through." Following the escape, Jin Jing "hit three levels at a time" and went straight to the palace. If you refine it for a long time and worry too much, you will spit out jade liquid to refine its shape. In addition, there are other methods such as refining gold liquid back to Dan. His poems, such as "The world is hidden in a millet, mountains and rivers are cooked in two liters of pots" and "The people who drink turtles are ignorant, and the ghosts who burn mountains are ugly", are grotesque and particularly popular. After the Northern Song Dynasty, under the guise of Lv Dongbin's name (or "Hui Taoist", "Hui Ke" and "Huishan people"). ), people of all ages have done all kinds of different things, so they have been deified. People who believe in Lv Dongbin are very rich. Yao Zeng, a Taoist scholar in the Song Dynasty, compiled a biography of immortals, saying that among the enlightened people in the Tang and Five Dynasties, "Lv Gong, a pure Yoko, showed great strength". Lv Dongbin's autobiography, named Li Zhong and Kuzhu, means that he met a real person and gained the way of exorcism. "When I was 50 years old, I went to the kitchen for the first time and went to Xiangu for the second time." "I often go to Zhejiang, Bianjing and Qiaoxian. Tasting leucorrhea, there is a mole under the right eye, such as the messenger of the world, with a large tendon. The world says that I sell ink and fly swords to get people's heads. I smell it. In fact, there are three swords: one is to break troubles, the other is to break greed and anger, and the third is to break lust. This is my sword. God preached to me, but there was no my law; Tell me my way, not my trip. Why? If you do the opposite, you will not be able to shake hands and accept martial arts. " Miao Shanshi, a Taoist priest in the Yuan Dynasty, even compiled seven volumes of "Wonderful History of Deification of Emperor Chunyang" and collected 108 stories. Therefore, Lv Dongbin was also worshipped by the emperor. In the first year of Song Xuanhe (119), he was awarded the title of "Miao Tong Zhenren", and in the sixth year of Yuan Dynasty (1269), Yuan Shizu was awarded the title of "Pure Yang is a true gentleman" until the third year (1369). I have written a volume "Jiu Yu Zhen Shu" (contained in Song Shiyi Wen Zhi, which is one of the 26 volumes of Daoism) and a volume "Thirty percent after Elbow" (contained in "Solving Problems by Knowing Zhai Shu Shu", which is one of the 25 volumes of Daoism). Zhi Zhai Lu also recorded a volume of "Then Story of Ren Zhen in Yangchun", which is called this article, slightly different). His thought of Dan Dao is still scattered in the five precepts, wonderful things and mysterious things in Tao Shu. Poems include "The Poem of the Golden Dan" compiled in the summer of Southern Song Dynasty, which is consistent with Yang Yi's statement that "there are more than 100 poems handed down from generation to generation". Among them, Yang Yi quotes them, but few of them are based on Yang Yi. There are many annotated versions of Qinyuan Chundan Ci. The Collection of Real People in Pure Yang Collected by the Orthodox Taoist School was compiled by He Zhiyuan, a Taoist priest of the Yuan Dynasty, with mixed authenticity. Lu Zuzhi's "Yi Wen Zhi" added "Knocking Songs" and "Ten Miscellaneous Songs", which is even more unreliable. Although there is a blank song of Yaotou recorded in the Book of Zhi Zhai Lu Jie, there are names such as Fu (Fu Bi), Zhang Shangshu (Zhang Shangying) and Zhao Shumi (Zhao Ding), which are obviously forgeries in the Southern Song Dynasty. Most of Lu Zhu's signature works included in Daozang are relied on or helped by later generations. Most of Lv Zu's complete works are also forged.
original text
& lt Tang > The living toad and the ox can gallop freely, while the spring breeze and the rain in Mao Mao fly around. Among the green hills and grass, there is a flute and a hemp fiber. Sing at sunrise and clap your hands at the moon. Who is like you? Nothing, nothing. Full Tang Poetry Volume 848_59
poetic sentiment
Bathed in the spring breeze, bathed in the spring rain, cows ride freely, mountains Ren Woxing, flute blowing at will; How natural, how natural, how happy, how detached!
Brief introduction of the author
The toad [Tang] (who lived around 896 AD) had an unknown common surname, domicile, date of birth and death, and lived in the middle area of Ganning. Jupingfeng rock. Make friends with Shen Bin as a poet. There are twelve poems written by Qi Chan. (See "Complete Tang Poetry")
Chuandu Anren Yang Wanli in Southern Song Dynasty 1 2 3
A dynasty poet with a poetic name
Southern Song Dynasty Chuandu Anren Yang Wanli
On a fishing boat, there are two children. They put away their bamboo poles, stopped their oars and sat on the boat. No wonder it didn't rain. They opened the umbrella. They didn't want to protect the rain, but wanted to use the umbrella as a sail to let the boat go forward.
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Anren: County name. In the southeast of Hunan Province, a county was established in the Song Dynasty. Pole: A bamboo or wooden pole used for boating. Ba: Paddle. Stranger student: No wonder. Use: use. Wind-making: In the poem, two children make sails with umbrellas to make the boat move, which shows the children's intelligence and innocence.
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On a small fishing boat, there are two children. They put away the bamboo poles and stopped the oars. No wonder they open umbrellas when it doesn't rain. It turns out that they don't want to shelter from the rain, but want to use an umbrella to let the wind push the boat forward! Yang Wanli, a poet who sailed in Anren, was an ancient poet in China. One day, he sailed in the direction of Anren. At that time, the sky was shrouded in white fog and looked like a white tower from a distance. Close up, the earth is covered with a layer of gauze. This white fog is not a piece, but a whole piece. The reeds on both sides are dark green, and occasionally one or two kingfishers fly to the reeds and sing, and the reeds dance in the breeze with beautiful posture. On the shore, the grass leaves are green with dew. Yang Wanli saw another boat running. On the boat, two six or seven-year-old boys sat leisurely. The two children are wearing bright clothes. Instead of rowing, they sat there carefree, always smiling. Only when they took out an umbrella did the poet see it. It's strange: it doesn't rain in the sky. Why do you take an umbrella? He looked, oh! No wonder they open umbrellas when it doesn't rain. It turns out that they don't want to shelter from the rain, but want to use an umbrella to let the wind push the boat forward!
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This poem is picturesque and full of fun, which shows the whimsy and cleverness of an only child in the childish behavior of two carefree little fishermen. It reflects the cuteness and agility of two children. This poem is included in the tenth volume of People's Education Publishing House: Three Ancient Poems (II).
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What the poet saw and heard when he passed Anren by boat. This poem is as simple as a word, full of fun, showing the childlike behavior of two carefree little fishermen and the whimsy of an only child. Here is what the author saw: there are two children on a small fishing boat. They put away the bamboo poles and stopped the oars. Some authors also realized: Oh, no wonder they also carry umbrellas when it doesn't rain. It turns out that they don't want to shelter from the rain, but want to let the ship move forward with the help of the wind! (1) "A fishing boat with two children stopped on board." This may have been discovered by the poet at a glance. Of course, the two children soon caught his attention. Why? Because although they were sitting in the boat, they didn't row, the bamboo poles (for rowing) were put away, and the paddles were parked there. Isn't that strange? It can be seen that the author's mood at this time is carefree and happy, so he noticed what the two children did. (2) "It's strange to open an umbrella when it doesn't rain, instead of covering your head, it creates wind." Here, the story of two children playing umbrellas seen by the poet is omitted, and the doubts in the author's heart are omitted, and the joy of solving doubts is directly written. How did you untie it? Perhaps the poet saw the children's abnormal behavior and began to observe and think more carefully. The result was of course an epiphany: Oh, no wonder they also carry umbrellas when it doesn't rain. It turns out that they waved the umbrella handle to let the wind blow the boat forward! You can also ask two children directly, and the children will tell him the reason. Anyway, knowing the reason, the author must be heartless. For Warawako's cleverness and their naivety and childishness, he happily picked up a pen and recorded this childlike scene. Yang Wanli writes pastoral poems and is very good at using children's childlike innocence to touch the poetic realm. His "New Town Xugong Store" (hedges are sparse all the way, and the trees are not shaded. The child ran quickly to catch the yellow butterfly, but the butterfly suddenly flew into the vegetable garden and could not be found again. ) "Two quatrains on a nap in early summer" (1) plum sour teeth, banana green screen window. Spring goes to summer, and the days are long and tired. After a nap, I feel depressed and watch the children play with catkins in the air. (2) A half-bow moss grows in the shade of pine trees, and occasionally wants to read and is lazy. Bored, I went to the fountain to water the banana. The pattering sound startled the children who were playing. They thought it suddenly began to rain. You can refer to it. The difference is that the boat crossing Anren focuses directly on children, and the whole poem is about children's childish behavior. Yang Wanli's love for children is beyond words, and he praised the cleverness of the two Warawako players. Of course, we can also see the poet's childlike innocence. Expressed the poet's love and appreciation for children.
Edit the introduction of the author of this paragraph.
: Yang Wanli (1 129- 1206), Han nationality, Zi Tingxiu, Hao Chengzhai. Jizhou Jishui (now Jishui County, Jiangxi Province) people. An outstanding poet in the Song Dynasty. Shaoxing twenty-four years (1 154), a scholar. He was awarded the position of a layman in Ganzhou and later transferred to Lingling County in Yongzhou, where he met Zhang Jun in exile and was encouraged and taught by him. After Xiaozong acceded to the throne, Zhang Jun entered the phase and recommended Wanli as a professor at Lin 'an Prefecture. Before his appointment, he was mourned by his father, and after his service, he changed his knowledge to Fengxin County. Main road for six years (1 170), served as Dr. Guo Zi, started as a Beijing official, and soon moved to Taichang City, where he was transferred to at least the prison. In the first year of Xichun (1 174), it was announced that Zhangzhou was known and Changzhou was known. In six years, he raised tea and salt in Changping, Guangdong Province, suppressed the Shen Shi Rebel Army and was promoted to a prison in Guangdong Province. Soon, his mother lost his job, and he was recalled to the official department and promoted to a doctor. In May of the twelfth year (1 185), he wrote a letter to deal with the earthquake, talked about ten things about current politics, advised Xiao Zonggu to put aside urgent matters and prepare for the enemy, resolutely opposed some people's suggestions of abandoning Huai River and surrendering to the Yangtze River, and advocated selecting talents and actively preparing for war. The following year, he served as a detailed inspector of the Privy Council and a servant of the prince. Fourteen years (1 187), I moved to a secretary with less supervision. When Emperor Gaozong collapsed, Wanli accused Hong Mai of "referring to the deer as a horse" for Zhang Jun's due enjoyment of the temple sacrifice, which annoyed Xiao Zong and made him know about Yunzhou (now Gao 'an, Jiangxi). Guangzong acceded to the throne and was called secretary supervisor. Shao Xiyuan (1 190) was appointed as the ambassador of Jin Guo and Zheng Dan, and was also the auditor of the Recording Institute. Finally, because Xiaozong was dissatisfied with him, it was an agreement of Jiangdong transshipment. The imperial court will spend iron money in the counties in the south of the Yangtze River. Wanli thought it was inconvenient, refused to serve the imperial edict and changed to Ganzhou. Wanli saw that his ambition could not be displayed, refused to go to his post, and begged for a temple official (no actual official position, only receiving a temple post is equivalent to retirement) and returned. Since then, he has never been an official again. He was called to Beijing several times, but he resigned. In the second year of Jubilee (1206), he hated Han Tuozhou for playing politics and making mistakes for his country, so he died of grief and indignation, and finally he became a scholar of Mo Ge and was named "Wen Jie". Yang Wanli advocated the war of resistance all his life and opposed kneeling and surrendering. In many books, strategies and articles he gave to the emperor, he lamented Chen Jiazhi's illness many times, strongly criticized the mistake of surrender, and his patriotism was beyond words. He is an honest official and tries his best not to disturb the people. At that time, the poet Ji Xu praised him as "clear as water, poor with gold" ("Vote for Yang Chengzhai"). After the completion of the Jiangdong transfer agreement, he should have had a large sum of money, but he abandoned it in the official treasury and did not return a penny. He is open-minded, outspoken, critical and reckless, so he can never be of great use. In fact, he didn't work hard as an official. When he was an official in Beijing, he was always ready to lose his official position. So, he prepared his way home from Hangzhou in advance, locked it in a box and hid it in his bedroom. His family was not allowed to buy anything, for fear that his luggage would be cumbersome when he left his post and returned home. Later, during the fifteen years of Han Yazhou's administration, Han Xinjian Nanyuan asked him to write "record" and promised to reward senior officials, but Wanli insisted on not doing it, saying that "officials can be abandoned and' recording' is not allowed." To stop a few things, you can imagine him as a person. Ge, a poet, boasts "a backbone like a stone" (see Collection of Sages in Southern Song Dynasty). Ge Wu Huai Ji), this is not a beautiful word. Shaoxing was a scholar in the 24th year (1 154). Officials to secretaries in charge. Advocate fighting with the Jin people and recovering lost territory. Dare to speak honestly, tired of being demoted, and lived in the countryside in his later years 15 years. Poetry is as famous as You Mao, Fan Chengda and Lu You, and is also known as the four masters of the Southern Song Dynasty. Today, there are more than 4,200 poems, many of which express patriotic feelings. His poems, such as The First Four-quatrain of Huaihe River, Looking at the Yangtze River Bridge, Crossing the Yangtze River, Dusk Rain and Clear Sky, are full of thoughts and artistry. I have also written some poems that reflect the life of working people, such as Seven Poems for Boating on a Rainy Night, Ten Explanations of Ding Wei's Ci Poems and Song of Transplanting Rice, which show sympathy for farmers' hard life, such as Sigh of Farmers and Sigh of Autumn Rain. Yang Wanli, a beginner of Jiangxi Poetry School, focuses on the rhythm of words. After the age of 50, his poetic style has changed, from imitating predecessors to imitating nature, forming a unique and sincere style. Chengzhai pays attention to the so-called "living method", that is, he is good at capturing fleeting interests and expressing them in humorous and simple language. For example, "Ba Fengbo": "Fengbo advised you to have a glass of wine, why bother to play a bad drama and shock poetry!" It fully embodies the characteristics of Chengzhai style. Cheng Zhai's Poetry Talk is not devoted to poetry creation, but it also has some literary theories. His poems are famous for Wuxi Fu and Hai Fu. There are only 15 poems written today, which are fresh and interesting, quite similar to his poems. He is also good at easy learning, such as the Yi Zhuan of Cheng Zhai, which has been criticized by scholars for its historical proof. Zhai Chengji has 133 volumes (including various styles of poems 10), and there are four series; Poems of Yang Wenjie (42 volumes), printed from Qianlong to Qianlong; "Cheng Zhai Yi Zhuan" has 20 volumes, and there is a Song version of the book pavilion; The volume of Zhai Cheng Shi Hua is 1, which is a continuation of the poetry talks of past dynasties.
Xin Qiji resigned because of impeaching officials. He lived in a secluded village in Xinzhou, Jiangxi Province for a long time and wrote a poem describing the interest of a family of five in life is sweet. Although their eaves are low and small, the whole family is very happy, the old couple are very kind, the children try their best, and the youngest child plays carefree and enjoys a wonderful childhood. The whole word makes us feel the spiritual enjoyment brought by the quiet pastoral life.
The two words "drunk" and "happy" have intriguing aesthetic feelings, so in teaching, I try my best to guide students to grasp these words for in-depth discussion, so as to explore that words bring us not only the beauty of pictures, but also spiritual enjoyment. In specific teaching, I do this: let students read the text and understand the meaning of words. But at first, students' understanding of the meaning of words only stayed on the understanding of words. At this time, I asked, "Students, you are almost reading this word yourself. Is there anything you don't understand? " The purpose is to make students understand the "death" in the text, so that I can follow the clues to discuss "drunkenness" and "happiness" in depth. At this time, Xiao Yan, who has the best questioning ability in the class, asked: "Why do the two older children study so hard, but they just like the younger son to be naughty?" This question is just right. It's really a stone that stirs up a thousand waves. A classmate retorted, "I think what I like here is not that the old couple likes their little son, but that the poet likes the child to be naughty." With objections, it is natural to turn to the view of the word. After some arguments, the students all thought that this was what the author wrote and what he saw, so it was the author's sigh to see his little son really naughty that day. The students' words cut into the understanding of the meaning of "happiness". Probably because of the previous debate, at this time, some students realized: "This' happiness' is not only the meaning of liking, but also the author's happiness and the expression of the author's mood." I think the students understand' hi' to this point, then the author's intention will be clear. At this point, I led my classmates to the understanding of "drunkenness". With the previous in-depth investigation, the students once again realized that "this kind of drunkenness is not only the meaning of drunkenness, but also the satisfaction of the old couple for a better life;" It is the author who is drunk for the beauty and interest of this family life. "Teaching is over.
I think it is not difficult to understand the superficial meaning of the whole word, but emotional experience is the key and difficult point of this word. Moreover, in teaching, as long as we grasp the words that can play a leading role and let students experience their feelings in the dispute, we can play a leading role.
I hope this helps.