First of all, rhyme
I think the first element of rhythmic poetry is rhyme.
The second, fourth, sixth and eighth sentences of a metrical poem must rhyme, that is, the last word of an even sentence must rhyme. The first sentence can be better or not. The five laws take the first sentence as a positive example and rhyme as an example; The seven laws take the rhyme of the first sentence as a positive example, and the non-rhyme as a variant.
Rhyme requires the whole poem to rhyme, that is, rhyme to the end, and no rhyme change is allowed in the middle. Usually it rhymes with flat tones. In principle, only one rhyme word can be used for rhyme. You can't avoid adjacent rhymes with adjacent rhymes.
There is a kind of rhyme, which is slightly loose, and only the first sentence is allowed to use adjacent rhyme, which is called "borrowing rhyme" and "flying goose"
Second, leveling.
When writing metrical poems, we should master how the four tones of Chinese are divided into two categories: the flat tone (equivalent to the yin-yang tone of modern Chinese), and the even tone is the rising and falling tone of modern Chinese, plus the entering tone of ancient Chinese.
Rhyme verses should alternately use flat tones and grunts to form a cadence in tone. Chinese basically takes two syllables as a rhythm unit, and the stress is on the last syllable. In terms of rhythm, the stressed syllable is more important than the previous syllable. The basic sentence pattern of metrical poetry is composed of two syllables, which is called metrical sentence.
There are only four basic sentence patterns in the five-character quatrains: (1) level tone, (2) level tone, (3) level tone and (4) level tone.
Seven-character verse also has four sentence patterns. (According to the principle of alternation, add a rhythm unit before the five-sentence pattern: (1) level tone, (2) level tone, and (3) level tone.
In metrical poems, the ending words of odd-numbered sentences are "Yi Sheng" (except the rhyme of the first sentence), and the ending words of even-numbered sentences are "Ping Sheng".
The above sentence patterns can be changed. Even numbers in a sentence must be leveled strictly according to the requirements of sentence patterns, and singular numbers can be changed flexibly, but "isolation" and "triple ending" must be avoided.
Third, insist.
Rhyme is a kind of rhyming style which is composed of four kinds of flat and even sentence patterns mentioned in the previous section according to the principle of sticking to the right.
The so-called "paste", in short, is that the second word of the last sentence is flat and parallel, and it must be consistent with the flat and parallel of the second word of the previous sentence in order to paste the two sentences together. However, the same sentence patterns cannot be used. For example, the upper part is "(2) flat and flat" and the lower part is "(3). Flat and faint "; The upper couplet is "(4) flush" and the lower couplet is "(1) flush, that is, the second word of the later couplet must be flush.
The so-called "antithesis" means that the sentence and antithesis of each couplet must be of the opposite type: the sentence is (1). Is flush, dual is (2) flush; The sentence is (3) flat and parallel, and the antithesis is (4) flat and parallel. That is to say, in the antithesis, the level balance is completely opposite. This is in line with the law of fitting.
Those that do not conform to the law of adhesion are called "adhesion"; Those who don't conform to the correct rules are called "loners"
According to the requirements of the paste, we can get four styles of rhyme by taking different sentence patterns as the first sentence of rhyme in turn, two first sentences are not rhyme styles, and two first sentences are rhyme styles.
Fourth, antithesis
The second couplet (jaw couplet) and the third couplet (neck couplet) of rhythmic poetry must be opposed.
The first is that the upper and lower levels must be opposed.
Secondly, the sentence patterns of relational sentences should be the same, and the syntactic structures should be consistent, such as subject-predicate structure versus subject-predicate structure, partial structure versus partial structure, and predicate-complement structure versus predicate-complement structure.
Third, the parts of speech (parts of speech) of words in the same position in the sentence are consistent, such as noun to noun, verb to verb, adjective to adjective, etc.
Fourth, the meaning of the same position in a sentence should be opposite, or related, the same or similar.
Fifth, words in the same position in a sentence should have the same part of speech. Such as astronomy, geography, animals, plants, human body, behavior, action and other words in the same meaning can be correct.
The use of duality is wide and strict, so there are many types, including working pair, adjacent pair, wide pair, borrowing pair, running pair and sector equivalence. In terms of content, there are names such as right, right, right and opposition.