In the evening, I bid farewell to a guest on Xunyang River. Maple leaves and mature rushes rustle in autumn. I, the host, have dismounted, my guest has boarded his boat, and we raise our cups, hoping to drink-but, alas, there is no music.
Although we drank a lot of wine, we were not happy. When we were leaving each other, the river mysteriously widened in the direction of the full moon. We heard a sudden sound, a guitar crossed the water, the host forgot to go home and the guests left.
We followed the direction of the melody and asked the player's name, and the voice was interrupted ... and then she reluctantly answered. We moved the boat closer to hers, invited her to join us, and summoned more wine and lanterns to start our party again.
However, before she came to us, we called a thousand times and urged her for a thousand times, but she still hid half of her face behind her guitar from us. Three or two strings on the spindle, even before she plays, we can feel her feelings.
Every string is thought-provoking, and every note is thought-provoking. It seems that he is not satisfied with his life. She frowned, bent her fingers, and then started her music, letting her heart share everything with us bit by bit.
She brushed the strings, slowly twisted, swept and plucked, first the air in the rainbow skirt, then the six small ones. Big strings hum like rain, and small strings whisper like secrets.
Humming, whispering-and then mixing together, like pouring large and small pearls into a plate of jade. Between Guan Ying's words, the bottom of the flower is slippery, so you can't swallow the spring scenery and flow under the ice.
The ice spring is cold and astringent, and the strings condense, and the condensation will never stop. The depth of sadness and the hiding of sadness are more told in silence than in voice.
A silver vase suddenly burst, pouring out a stream of water, jumping out of the conflict and blow between armored horses and weapons. Before she put down the pick, her stroke was over, and all four strings made a sound, just like tearing silk.
The east ship was silent, and the west ship was silent. We saw the white autumn moon entering the river. She tied it thoughtfully on the rope, stood up and smoothed her clothes, serious and polite.
Tell us how she spent her girlhood in the capital and lived in her parents' house in Toad Hill. She mastered the guitar at the age of thirteen, and her name ranked first in the list of musicians.
Quba once taught good people to yield, and her beauty envied all the leading dancers. How did the aristocratic youths in Wuling compete generously? Countless red silks were given to a song.
And the blood color of the skirt was stained by wine, China. Season after season, joy followed, and neither the autumn moon nor the spring breeze attracted her attention.
Until her brother went to war, and then her aunt died, and the night passed, and the night came, and her beauty disappeared. Lengma was at the door, so at last she gave her wife to a businessman.
Who, first of all, stole money, accidentally left her and went to Fuliang to buy tea a month ago. She has been taking care of an empty boat in the estuary, with no companions except the bright moon and cold water.
Sometimes in the middle of the night, she dreams of her victory and is awakened from her dream by her hot tears. Her first guitar note made me sigh. Now, after listening to her story, I feel even sadder.
We were all unhappy until the end of the day, when we met. We understand. What is the relationship between acquaintances? . A year ago, I left the capital and came here. Now I am a sick Jiujiang exile.
Jiujiang is so far away that I haven't heard music, neither strings nor bamboo sounds for a whole year. My residence is near the town by the river, low and humid, and the house is surrounded by bitter reeds and yellow rushes.
What can you hear here in the morning and evening? ? The cuckoo's bleeding cry, the ape's sobbing. I often pick up the wine and drink it alone in the spring morning with flowers and the autumn night with moonlight shining.
Of course, there are folk songs and bagpipes in the village, but they are rough and harsh, and they are harsh in my ears. Tonight, when I heard you playing the guitar, I felt that my hearing was illuminated by wonderful music.
Don't leave us. Come, sit down. Play it for us again. Turn it into a pipa for you. ... she was moved by my words, stood there for a while, and then sat down to play her strings-they sounded even sadder.
Although the tune was different from what she had played before, all the listeners covered their faces. But which of them cried the most? , this Jiujiang officer. My blue sleeves are wet.
Notes on the title or background of a book.
This poem was written in the late autumn of Tang Xianzong Yuanhe 11th year (8 16). Bai Juyi is forty-five years old and works as a Sima in Jiangzhou. State Sima is the assistant minister of the state secretariat, in charge of the military, and Bai Juyi has no real power at this time. After Bai Juyi was innocently demoted to Jiangzhou Sima, he began to feel at ease and climbed mountains and swam with his friends. By chance, in Jiangtou, Xunyang, he met a pipa girl from Kyoto who was wandering on the rivers and lakes. When she came back, she suddenly had a strong feeling of the end of the world. This long narrative poem is just a feeling. As "Poetry of the Tang and Song Dynasties" said: "I am full of exile, and I borrowed from a merchant woman, which means that I am in the same boat. Compared with Xing, its position is deeper and its significance is slightly obvious. His feelings are sad and his words are beautiful. "
You can't ignore the preface when reading this narrative poem. The preface not only explains the time, background and writing reasons, but also subtly explains the main idea of the whole poem, which plays a prompt role for us to accurately grasp the ideological content of the whole poem. The preface said, "Yuan He moved to Sima, Jiujiang County for ten years. Next autumn, I will see you off in Pukou and smell the pipa on the boat at night. Listen to its voice, there is the voice of Kyoto. Asked male, Ben Chang 'an advocates women, learns the pipa from the old and faded Mu and Cao, and devotes himself to being a good girl. Then he ordered wine and asked Aauto Quicker to play some songs. Quba Ran Min. I said that I was happy when I was young, but now I am drifting away and wandering between rivers and lakes. After two years as an official, I feel at ease and feel that I have moved towards the future. Because of long sentences and songs, every 612 words are called pipa xing. "In fact, this long poem is * * * 6 16, and" two "is a transmission error of the word" six ". Dai Fugu, a poet in the Song Dynasty, pointed out in Volume I of Pipa Xing, a collection of poems by Shiping: "Write 616 words at a time. "
The title of the poem is also Preface to Pipa. Pipa, a plucked instrument, was first popular in Persia and Arabia, and was introduced to China in Han Dynasty. In the Sui and Tang Dynasties, it has become a very popular musical instrument, from court bands to folk singing. Pipa, as a cultural category, is often associated with sad events from the day it came out. "Xing" and "Yin" are both poetic styles of ancient Yuefu, which are similar to "Song", so they are often called "Gexing Style".
Sentence solution
In the evening, I bid farewell to a guest on Xunyang River. Maple leaves and mature rushes rustle in autumn.
In the evening, I saw the guests off at the source of Xunyang River. The autumn wind rustles the maple leaves. In the opening sentence, there are only seven words, and the characters (subject and guest), place (Xunyang Jiangtou), time (night) and event (seeing the guests off) are summarized, simple and clear. The last sentence was rendered in the environment of seeing guests off in autumn night, which made this poem have a desolate and boundless meaning from the beginning. "This is just a farewell to those who feel sad." Here, the autumn night bid farewell to Fujian's bleak feeling of loneliness, euphemistically spread from the scene. Xunyang River is a section of the Yangtze River that flows through Jiujiang, Jiangxi. Dihua, a perennial herb, grows by the water. Its roots are like knotted bamboo with leafy stems and purple or white flowers in autumn. "Sasha Vujacic" is still a whisper, a cable, and the sound of vegetation being blown by the autumn wind.
I, the host, have dismounted, my guest has boarded his boat, and we raise our cups, hoping to drink-but, alas, there is no music.
The master got off the horse and walked into the guest's boat; I raised my glass to say goodbye, but there was no music to entertain me. Maple leaves get flowers, autumn wind rustles and the scenery is bleak; It is a lonely feeling to see the guests off on the boat on the river and raise a glass to drink the cold. The word "without strings" not only echoes the "without strings or bamboo, a whole year" behind it, but also paves the way for the appearance of pipa girls. "Wind stringed instruments" refers to wind instruments and stringed instruments, and generally refers to music here.
Although we drank a lot of wine, we were not happy. When we were leaving each other, the river mysteriously widened in the direction of the full moon.
Stuffy drunk, sad to separate; When we want to part, there is a bright moon on the boundless river. The former sentence has paved the way for gloomy mood, while the latter sentence further exaggerates the environment and makes the mood more depressed and sentimental. The whole poem was written to Jiang Yue three times, each with its own magical function. This is the first time. "Immerse the moon in the river" means that the shadow of the moon is reflected in the river, just like the moon is immersed in water.
We heard a sudden sound, a guitar crossed the water, the host forgot to go home and the guests left.
Suddenly I heard the sound of pipa playing on the river; Listen, the host forgot to go back and the guests refused to sail. "Suddenly Smell" conveys the surprise that the poet is thinking about music and music is coming. The sender forgets to go back, and the walker does not send it, suggesting that the music is wonderful and moving. Against the backdrop of the vast river and moon, there is a feeling of empty valley footsteps.
We followed the melody, asked the player's name, and the voice was interrupted ... and then she reluctantly answered.
Ask in a low voice, who is the player? The pipa stopped, and the man wanted to answer, but hesitated. From "suddenly smelling", "forgetting to return", "not sending" to "secretly asking", it is all to depict the mentality of the characters and explain the appeal of music. "I want to talk late" means I have something on my mind to hesitate.
We moved the boat closer to hers, invited her to join us, and summoned more wine and lanterns to start our party again.
Move the boat over, approach slowly, and invite that person out to see you. Let's add more wine, turn on the lights and hold a new party. The poet wrote about the appearance of the pipa girl because she was moved by her voice and because her emotions were looking for someone. The extraordinary timbre of the pipa sets off the performer's unusual, and the listener has a feeling of meeting his bosom friend while enjoying it. "Come back to life", come on, dial the core and let the light come back to life.
However, before she came to us, we called a thousand times and urged her for a thousand times, but she still hid half of her face behind her guitar from us.
After repeated invitations and phone calls, she reluctantly came out; When I came out, I was still holding the pipa, half covering my face. On the one hand, it is eager to seek, on the other hand, it is silent; On the one hand, it is called frequently, on the other hand, it is delayed. This strong contrast clearly shows the mood and character of both sides. The poet grasped this point and vividly described the appearance of the pipa girl. Although the language is simple, the modality of wanting to show and hide is already very profound. "However, we called for a thousand times and urged her for a thousand times before she began to come to us" is not arrogance and dullness, but because he has his own interests and does not show his talents; But also because of the unspeakable hatred of the end of the world, it is inconvenient to explain, and I don't want to see anyone. This stiff, shy and steady appearance is exactly what a woman who meets by chance should look like. Both "Holding the Pipa Half Covering the Face" and "Hiding the Pipa Half Covering the Face" reveal the complicated inner activities of Pipa girls in a tortuous and delicate way.
The appearance of pipa girl makes people look forward to it, and the whole poem turns to the topic.
... she turned the tuning pin and tested several strings, and even before she played, we could feel her feelings.
She turned the piano shaft better, plucked the strings and tried to play it three or two times. Although the song hasn't popped up yet, it has already revealed the mood. Write the first sentence, check the strings and audition. The last sentence conveys people's thoughts and feelings with music, opens the listener's heart and makes people fascinated. The word "love" is poetic and vivid. "Ingot plucking the strings" is a preparatory action to correct the scale and adjust the strings before playing the pipa.
Every string is thought-provoking, and every note is thought-provoking. It seems that he is not satisfied with his life.
Every string is so low and depressed, and every sound is full of sadness, as if pouring out one's life's disappointments. These two sentences further describe people with music, pointing out the sadness of life experience of depression. "Discontent" and "frustration" set a tone for "love". "Cover-up", played by the strings with the hand, has a low and depressing tone, which is a sad mood.
She frowned, bent her fingers, and then started her music, letting her heart share everything with us bit by bit.
She lowered her eyebrows and continued to play with her hands, as if to get her mind off her chest and say it. The above three parts are all scenes of a pipa girl playing music, and the next part reveals her inner activities through the listener's feelings.
She brushed the strings, slowly twisted, swept and plucked, first the air in the rainbow skirt, then the six small ones.
Her fingers are tapped lightly on the string, kneaded slowly, conveniently dialed, and backhand dialed back. At first, I played with colorful feathers, and then I played with green waist. These two sentences are the skillful skills of writing pipa girls. "get together", tap the strings with your fingers; Twist, knead the string with your fingers. Both fingering are left-handed pressing strings. "Wipe", conveniently dial; "Pick", backhand callback. Both fingering are right-handed strumming. "Nishang", that is, "colorful feathers". It is said that it was introduced from India in the early years of Kaiyuan, formerly known as Brahman, and was later renamed by Emperor Tang Ming. Bai Juyi's "Coat Song" is described in detail. Liu Yao was a famous song and dance at that time, also called Green Waist or Happy World. Formerly known as "Recording Essentials", it was named after musicians recorded its main points, and it belongs to soft dance. By women's solo dance, the dance is light and soft, and the music rhythm is from slow to fast.
Big strings hum like rain, and small strings whisper like secrets.
The sound of the big string popping up is deep and long, like a shower; Xiaoxian's voice is soft and slow, as if people are whispering. From now on to the following fourteen sentences, when copying music with the help of language, use various vivid metaphors to strengthen the image. These two sentences are about the subtlety of playing pipa. Use words such as "noisy" and "urgent" to describe the sound, and use "urgent rain" and "whisper" to visualize it. Pipa has four or five strings. "Major chord" refers to the thickest chord; "Minor chord" refers to the smallest chord among them.
Humming, whispering-and then mixing together, like pouring large and small pearls into a plate of jade.
Big strings are noisy, and small strings are cut and staggered, just like big beads and small beads falling on a jade plate. The previous sentence has reproduced the interweaving of two melodies, Like a shower and Like a whisper. If you compare the last sentence here, the visual image and the auditory image will be exposed at the same time, which is dazzling and confusing. The use of disyllabic and stressed reduplicated words strengthens the pleasure of hearing and the rhythm of rhythm.
Between Guan Ying's words, the bottom of the flower is slippery, and the throat spring is difficult to flow under the ice.
Sometimes the strings are light and melodious, just like the melodious orioles singing among flowers; Sometimes the strings are hard and deep, like sobbing springs flowing under the ice. "Intermittent" describes the sound of songbirds turning around. "Bitter throat" refers to sadness and suffocation. Here, the poet appeals to hearing and vision at the same time, showing different feelings of lightness and coldness respectively.
The ice spring is cold and astringent, as if it can't pass; And notes, fade away.
The spring water flowing under the ice gradually freezes; That string seems to have been frozen and is about to be cut off; In this way, the chords became weaker and weaker and stopped for a while. The poet described the ever-changing music to perfection with colorful and ingenious metaphors. The author's talent is not only reflected in the reappearance of the beauty of music, but more importantly, through the ever-changing musical image, it shows the ups and downs of the pipa girl, paving the way for the following story.
The depth of sadness and the hiding of sadness are more told in silence than in voice.
When the pipa stopped, I only felt another kind of deep sadness and hatred. Although it is silent at this time, it is better than the realm of sound. When there is "sound", the listener's thoughts and feelings jump with the tune, and there is no time to savor it. When "silent", give people time to sort out their thoughts and experience the feelings in the song; At the same time lead the listener to the future, because I don't know what will happen next.
A silver vase suddenly burst, pouring out a stream of water, jumping out of the conflict and blow between armored horses and weapons.
After a deep pause, a strong sound suddenly broke out, just like a silver bottle suddenly burst and the water slurry inside splashed out; It's like a soldier rushing out and hitting the sword directly. It's so majestic and vigorous. When the listener is in a state of "silence", he thinks it's over. Who knows that "deep sorrow and dark hatred" accumulated infinite power in the process of "sound death", which could not be suppressed and finally broke out here. Thus, the whole song reached its climax.
Before she put down the pick, her stroke was over, and all four strings made a sound, just like tearing silk.
Finally, at the end of the song, she collected the plectrum and strode hard in the middle of several strings; Pipa is like a torn cloth, making a crisp sound. At this point, the whole song came to an abrupt end, but the soul-stirring and soul-stirring musical charm still lingered. A "plectrum", that is, a plectrum, is a tool used when playing stringed instruments. "Careful painting" is a playing technique, that is, crossing the middle of the pipa with a plectrum, which is called "sweeping" in jargon. "Painting" and "painting" are the same. "Rip" refers to the sudden break of the taut silk, and here is the strong impact of sound when describing "careful painting".
The east ship was silent, and the west ship was silent. We saw the white autumn moon entering the river.
At this time, the ships around were silent and there was no sound, only a bright autumn moon was reflected in the middle of the river. After a crack, everything was silent again. The audience who have been immersed in music woke up like a dream. Here, the poet wrote the beautiful sound of pipa from the side. People can't help wondering, how do authors and players feel when they are in the same situation and share the feeling of falling in the world? The blank voice formed by sudden silence is better than words, leaving readers with a broad aftertaste. The poet described the moon for the second time here, and the quiet image and poetry echoed again, setting off a beautiful scene. "boat", boat.
She tied it thoughtfully on the rope, stood up and smoothed her clothes, serious and polite.
She thoughtfully inserted the plectrum between the strings; Then I adjusted my clothes and stood up with a dignified expression. Here, the inquiry about life experience is omitted, and two sentences describing portraits are used to transition to the following "soliloquy". The expression of "thoughtful" is probably triggered by the listener's inquiry. But where do you start? So, when I was cleaning up, I thought about it. "Convergence" is only played because of emotional excitement, not only the clothes are a little messy, but also the emotions. When you speak, naturally sort out your emotions, find your heart from the artistic conception of music, and then converge the expression on your face. This is not only respect for others, but also respect for yourself. Pipa girls are not frivolous or impetuous. Her personality has been written in the front: "broken voice ... and then reluctantly answered" and "hiding half of her face behind the guitar from us", which represents the shyness and reserve of women.
Tell us how she spent her girlhood in the capital and lived in her parents' house in Toad Hill.
I was originally a woman from the capital Chang 'an, living in Ling Ran. "Frog Mausoleum", near Qujiang, southeast of Chang 'an, is a place where singers live together. It used to be said that Dong Zhongshu was buried here, and all his disciples dismounted and walked when they passed by, so it was called Dismounting Mausoleum. Later generations misrepresented it as a frog's tomb.
From here to "being awakened from a dream by hot tears", all the pipa girls are telling their own stories. The poet wrote a gripping elegy based on his half-life experience as a pipa girl, which complemented the music of "Let her heart share everything with ours bit by bit" and completed the image-building of the heroine.
She mastered the guitar at the age of thirteen, and her name ranked first in the list of musicians.
He learned to play the pipa at the age of thirteen, and his name was arranged in the teaching workshop, which was first-class. The above is the origin of Syria, and here is the origin of Syria. "Jiao Fang" was an official in charge of court music in ancient times, and was responsible for the teaching, rehearsal and performance of music, dance and acrobatics except elegant music. After Tang Gaozu studied martial arts, he set up an internal teaching workshop in the forbidden area. In the second year of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, he set up an inner teaching workshop in Penglai Palace, and two teaching workshops in Luoyang and Chang 'an, with middle officials as ambassadors. The teaching workshop inside combines elegant music and pop music, while the teaching workshop outside is all pop music. This pipa girl is probably the name of Waijiaofang. "The first part" refers to the band.
Quba once taught good people to yield, and her beauty envied all the leading dancers.
At that time, I was highly skilled, and once I finished playing a song, I admired the pipa master; I am also beautiful, and I am often envied by Qiu Niang after dressing up. These two sentences are unique to writing pipa. "Good talent" is the title of Pipa master in Tang Dynasty. "v", "service", admiration. "Qiu Niang", a famous geisha at that time, was a general term for geisha.
How did the aristocratic youths in Wuling compete generously? Countless red silks were given to a song.
The rich children in Beijing scrambled to reward me and offer headscarves; Whenever a song is played, I don't know how many colored silks to give. These two sentences, written by pipa girl, recall the life in Chang 'an in those days, with sighs. "Wuling teenager" refers to the children of rich families. The "Five Mausoleums" refer to the tombs of five emperors in the Western Han Dynasty: the Changling Mausoleum of Emperor Gao, the Anling Mausoleum of Hui Di, the Yangling Mausoleum of Emperor Jing, the Maoling Mausoleum of Emperor Wu and the Ping Ling of Emperor Zhao, all located in the north of Chang 'an. In the Tang dynasty, some rich people from all over the country were moved around the supernatural and prospered the city site. So there are many rich children in Wuling. "Toutoucai", also known as "Toutoucai", is presented by guests with brocade and other silk products after the performance of the song and dance artists. Later, it was replaced by money and things. Silk fabrics such as "red gauze", red muslin or brocade.
And the blood color of the skirt was stained by wine, China.
It is not a pity to beat time with precious jewelry such as cloud grate, even if it is broken; When drinking and singing, my red skirt is often stained by overturned glasses. "Tang" is a flower-shaped jewelry made of gold, silver, jade and shellfish. "Cloudy green", that is, cloud-like green, is a kind of comb device that is denser than a comb. "Cloud", a "silver".
Season after season, joy followed, and neither the autumn moon nor the spring breeze attracted her attention.
Years of laughter and laughter, how many beautiful moments have been inadvertently consumed. From here, we can see that the pipa girl has a faint lingering feeling when recalling the past and thinking about the present, and more is regret and regret. "Autumn Moon Spring Breeze" is a metaphor for beautiful youth.
Until her brother went to war, and then her aunt died, and the night passed, and the night came, and her beauty disappeared.
My sister who debuted together went to the army and my aunt died; As time goes on, my appearance gets old. According to records in Jiao Fangzhi, Beili Zhi and Tang Guo Shi Lu, prostitutes who advocated excellence in the Tang Dynasty used to be brothers and sisters, and even influenced the court Jiao Fang, so there appeared the names of female brothers and sisters. "Joining the army" here refers to being a prostitute with the army. "Auntie" is a geisha's name for the owner of the folk song where she lives.
The above twelve sentences say that youth laughs. The following six sentences say that the boss has fallen. The sense of ups and downs is strong.
There were fewer and fewer cars and horses in front of the door, and finally she married herself to a businessman.
Because of the aging appearance, no one patronizes, there are fewer and fewer cars and horses coming and going, and the door is deserted. I grew old and finally married a businessman as my wife. These two sentences sum up the same fate of ancient and modern singers with lyrical style.
Who, first of all, stole money, accidentally left her and went to Fuliang to buy tea a month ago.
The businessman only values money and never takes parting seriously. Last month, he went to Fuliang to buy tea. We don't say "selling tea" here, but "buying tea", which was related to the tea monopoly and tax system at that time. The original meaning of "que" is canoe, which is extended to patent. Monopoly of tea is a tea monopoly system adopted by the Tang government. Bai Juyi wrote this poem in the 11th year of Yuanhe (8 16), and the method of selling tea was practiced for many years. Xunyang tea merchants must first purchase from the nearest floating beam, that is, "buy tea". Businessmen are more mobile, so it is natural for Pipa girl and her husband to live apart. These two narratives strengthen the hatred of Pipa girl falling into the horizon. The "Floating Beam" belonged to Raozhou in the Tang Dynasty and is now located in the North Floating Beam of Jingdezhen, Jiangxi Province. Although Fuliang tea is not a famous product, it is rich in output and is an important distribution center of tea at that time.
She has been taking care of an empty boat in the estuary, with no companions except the bright moon and cold water.
After he left, I was left alone, guarding the empty boat at the estuary; Around the ship, there is only one bright moon, reflecting a cold river. This is the third time this poem describes the moon. Sitting alone in an empty boat, only the cold river and the bright moon are companions, which is in sharp contrast with the prosperity of Chang' an in the past.
Sometimes in the middle of the night, she dreams of her victory and is awakened from her dream by her hot tears.
Late at night, I suddenly dreamed of my youth and couldn't help crying; Colourful tears ran down my face. In the sentence of "dreaming and crying", there are still finals and frankness in suffering, and stubbornness in sorrow, which is in line with identity. "Dream crying makeup tears" is crying all over your face in a dream. "Makeup tears" are rouge tears. "Red" originally refers to rouge color and is used as a verb here. "Fuck", (tears) flow freely.
I smell the pipa and sigh. Now, after listening to her story, I feel even sadder.
Listening to her play the pipa is enough to make me sad and sigh. Now listening to this narrative makes me sigh. "heavy", more. Haw, sigh.
We were all unhappy until the end of the day, when we met. We understand. What is the relationship between acquaintances? .
We are also vagrants all over the world. Although we met for the first time tonight, why should we know each other? The life experience of the pipa girl aroused the poet's emotion. In the same boat, he responded with the same voice. He linked his tragic experience of relegating Jiangzhou to Jiangzhou with the pipa girl who lived in Jiangtou, and brewed this famous sentence that will be told through the ages. The poet's heartfelt words express the feelings of countless lonely people in their life journey and are the main theme of the whole poem. It transcends the times and becomes the empathy of people who have experienced vicissitudes when they meet in later generations. When Mao Zedong read Pipa Xing, he drew a lot of stress under these two sentences, and also criticized: "Jiangzhou Sima, tears wet his shirt. Being in the same place, the mood of the author and the pipa player is equal. The height of white poetry is here, not elsewhere. "
A year ago, I left the capital and came here. Now I am a sick Jiujiang exile.
He left Beijing last year and was banished to Xunyang City, where he was often ill in bed. The following is the author's heart music. In the emotional waves aroused by the fate of the pipa girl, he exposed his self-image and poured out his reclusive life experience and frustration.
Jiujiang is so far away that I haven't heard music, neither strings nor bamboo sounds for a whole year.
Xunyang is located in a remote place, and there is no music. You can't hear wonderful music all year round. What I mean here is that I am lonely and have no confidant.
My residence is near the town by the river, low and humid, and the house is surrounded by bitter reeds and yellow rushes.
My residence is near the Ganjiang River, low and humid, with reeds and bitter bamboos clustered around the house. The Ganjiang River, now the Longkai River, originated in Qinggan Mountain in Ruichang County, Jiangxi Province, and flowed eastward through Jiujiang to join the Yangtze River. Its estuary is the "Pukou" mentioned in the preface. "Bitter bamboo", bamboo with umbrella handle.
What can you hear here in the morning and evening? The cuckoo's bleeding cry, the ape's sobbing.
In this environment, what can you hear sooner or later? Only the cuckoo's piercing cry and the ape's whining sound can be heard. "Du Fu", also known as Du Yu and Zigui, is said to be the soul incarnation of the ancient Shu monarch Du Yu. In late spring and early summer, they often crow day and night, and their voices are piercing.
I often pick up the wine and drink it alone in the spring morning with flowers and the autumn night with moonlight shining.
Whenever there is a bright moon in the sky by the bloom River, I often drink wine by myself. Spring River, Flower Dynasty and Autumn Moon Night are all charming scenery. In the beautiful time, others invite friends to get together, sing poems and write poems, and have a good drink; However, the poet is alone, drinking wine, lonely and difficult to send away. This depressed mood of relegating to a foreign country has soaked this poem with sadness and anger.
Of course, there are folk songs and bagpipes in the village, but they are rough and harsh, and they are harsh in my ears.
Isn't there even a folk song or a village flute? Yes, but the sound is so harsh that it's really hard to hear. "Er, stupid and ridiculous" is used to describe messy and unpleasant music. Perhaps the poet's original intention is not to say that music is not pleasant to listen to, but to set off his "unhappy" situation with an unhappy environment.
Tonight, when I heard you playing the guitar, I felt that my hearing was illuminated by wonderful music.
Listening to the melody of your pipa tonight is like listening to Yue Xian, which makes my ears refreshing for a while. Yue Xian describes wonderful music as if it came from heaven.
Don't leave us. Come, sit down. Play it for us again. I will write a Long song about guitar. ..
Please don't refuse, sit down again, play another song and let me write a lyric for you. "Sit more" means sit down again. "Copy" is to write lyrics according to music.
... she was moved by my words, stood there for a while, and then sat down to play her strings-they sounded even sadder.
Moved by my words, she stood for a long time and then sat down again. She tightened the rope and it suddenly became tight. Here, the combination of the inner complex feelings of the pipa girl and the poet is skillfully written. There are not many pens, but they are very vivid. "But", return. "But sit", and sit back.
Although the tune was different from what she had played before, all the listeners covered their faces.
Pipa music is sad, unlike the previous music, people in the room can't help but hide their faces and cry. Why not like The Voice of Progress? I didn't say it, but I don't need to say it. Because there has been a long description before, just saying that the room is full of tears has already shown a sad feeling.
But which of them cried the most? ? This Jiujiang official. My blue sleeves are wet.
Who shed the most tears of all the people present? Of course it's me, Jiangzhou Sima. You see, the blue official dress has been wet with tears. When I met my bosom friend, I shed tears of sympathy. One is a wandering Chang' an geisha, and the other is offended by a disgraced court official; One is "red makeup tears" and the other is "shirt tears". The former writes openly, while the latter writes secretly. The two people are thousands of miles apart, but they can have strong feelings and exchanges. This is the most rare touch. Chen Yinque's Poems of Bai Yuan said: "The person who wrote this poem and the person who recited it are one. It can be said that you can die, the subject and object are the same, and you are more single-minded and single-minded, and feelings are added. " "Blue shirt" is the lowest grade of civil servants in Tang Dynasty (eight grades and nine grades). At that time, Bai Juyi was a state Sima, belonging to the five products. However, "the uniform color of the Tang people does not value professional officials, but is the product of official rank officials" (Volume 27 of the Song Dynasty Wang Xun Yeke Series). Rank officials are titles of scattered officials with official names but no fixed positions, which are different from position officials. At that time, Bai Juyi's rank was General Shi Lang, and he had to wear a blue shirt in order to descend from Do.
Comments and explanations
Pipa Xing and Song of Eternal Sorrow are two treasures in Bai Juyi's poems. Even if there are no other works, Bai Juyi is immortal only by these two poems. Different from the historical theme written in Song of Eternal Sorrow in the early years, Pipa Xing turned to the realistic theme. Through personal experience, the poet described the fate of the pipa girl, and linked it with his own relegation, sending out the deep feeling that "all sides are unfortunate-all sides are separated." Because of personal experience, the feelings are particularly sincere and profound; Because I happened to meet a pipa girl on the river in late autumn and moonlit night, my poems were particularly sad. As soon as Pipa Xing came out, it was not only immediately popular in the court alleys, but also sung for thousands of years, showing strong artistic vitality. Nowadays, there is a song of "The Boy's Relieving the Eternal Sorrow", and in Hull, he can sing "Pipa Hangs" ("Hanging Lotte"). In the Qing Dynasty, Zhang Weiping sighed that "a pipa is said today" ("Pipa Pavilion").
This long poem has a rigorous structure and distinct levels, and is divided into four parts. From the beginning to "still hiding half a face behind her guitar so that we can't see it", as the first part, through the description of the scenery at the head of Xunyang River and the scene of giving people away in autumn night, the desolate and cold atmosphere is set off. The second part, from "... she changed the tuning and testing of the strings to" We saw the white autumn moon entering the middle of the river ",positively described the superb skills and touching musical effects of the pipa girl, which made a powerful foreshadowing for her self-narration. This part has three levels: the first level is the preface, full of affection and deep sadness; The second layer is the first climax of the performance; The third layer is the turning point, and the sound of the piano changes from fast and strong to soothing. The third part, from "thoughtfully putting the strings on the strings" to "awakened from a dream by her hot tears", introduces the unusual experience of Pipa girl from teenage joy to old sadness. The fourth part, from "her first guitar note makes me sigh" to the end, connects the pipa girl with the poet's own destiny and expresses the poet's political frustration and frustration.
The language of the whole poem is concise, but it is very expressive and does not ask for a solution. Moreover, the paintings are vivid and poetic, and the words are wonderful and memorable. In particular, the description of pipa women playing music has reached a superb level. As "Letters from Fu Lei" said: "Bai Juyi has a profound understanding of the relationship between syllables and emotions. Whenever you go to a sad place, you must use rhyme. The passages of "noisy major chords" and "tangent minor chords" in pipa are like staccato (intermittent) and extremely tangent pipa sound; The words "silence is better than sound" are equivalent to a long pause, and the words "silver bottle" ...' water slurry burst' is another sudden attack (hit) with great momentum. "
In order to express touching music, the poet used a series of vivid metaphors: "The big strings sound like rain"-deep and dense, shocking; "Small strings whisper like secrets"-soft and delicate, lingering; "Like pouring large and small pearls into a plate of jade"-crisp and pleasant, mellow and pleasant; "The flower bottom of Guan Yingying's language is very slippery"-full of vitality; "It is difficult to flow under the ice in the throat spring"-deep and slow, sad and choked; "Never stop"-a pause with endless aftertaste; "A silver vase suddenly broke a stream of water and jumped out of the conflict and blow between armored horses and weapons"-the music suddenly rose, which was loud and exciting; "Four strings make a sound, like tearing silk"-strong and brittle, and come to an abrupt end. These metaphors vividly reproduce rich musical plots and make readers truly feel the changes of excitement, sadness, joy and sadness in music. This change is complicated and not chaotic, which is arranged by the poet's ingenuity. Tone and tone are also connected, and their changes play a comparative role, thus forming a beautiful and rich musical plot and producing thrilling and soul-stirring artistic effects.