Thoughts in the dead of night
Li Bai [Tang Dynasty]
The foot of my bed is shining so brightly. Is there frost already?
I looked up at the moon and looked down, feeling nostalgic.
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The bright moonlight sprinkled on enough paper, as if the ground was frosted.
That day I looked up at the bright moon in the sky outside the window, and I couldn't help lowering my head and thinking of my hometown far away.
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This poem is about the feeling of missing my hometown on a silent moonlit night.
The first two sentences of the poem are an illusion created by the poet in a specific foreign environment in an instant. A person who lives alone in a foreign country and is busy during the day can still dilute his sadness. However, in the dead of night, the waves of missing his hometown will inevitably surge in his heart. Not to mention on a moonlit night, not to mention on a frosty autumn night. "Could there have been frost?" The word "doubt" in the poem vividly expresses that the poet woke up from his sleep and mistook the Leng Yue in front of his bed for the thick frost on the ground. The word "frost" is better used, which not only describes the bright moonlight, but also expresses the cold of the season, and also sets off the loneliness and desolation of the poet wandering abroad.
On the other hand, the last two sentences of the poem deepen homesickness through the description of actions and ways. The word "hope" takes care of the word "doubt" in the previous sentence, which shows that the poet has changed from a daze to a sober one. He stared at the moon eagerly and couldn't help thinking that his hometown was under the bright moon at the moment. So naturally, I came to the conclusion that "I sank back and suddenly thought of home". The action of "bowing your head" depicts the poet completely lost in thought. And the word "miss" left a rich imagination space for readers: the old brothers, relatives and friends in that hometown, the mountains and rivers, the grass and trees in that hometown, the lost years, the past … are all in my thoughts. A word "Xiang" contains too much content.
Amin Hu Yinglin said: "Taibai quatrains are all written in words. The so-called people who have no intention of working are unemployed. " Wang Shimao thinks: "(quatrains) Only Violet (Li Bai) and Long Biao (Wang Changling) were extremely ambitious in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Li is more natural, former residence. " What are "nature" and "unintentional work"? This song "Silent Night Thinking" is a sample list. Therefore, Hu specially put it forward and said it was "a wonder of ancient and modern times."
This little poem has neither strange and novel imagination nor exquisite and gorgeous rhetoric; It only describes the homesickness of distant guests in a narrative tone, but it is meaningful and intriguing, and has attracted readers so widely for thousands of years.
Strangers in a foreign country will probably feel this way: just one day, in the dead of night, homesickness will inevitably ripple in my heart; What's more, it's a moonlit night, what's more, it's an autumn night with a bright moon like frost!
The white frost on the moon is clear, which is the night scene of clear autumn; Describing moonlight with frost color is also common in classical poetry. For example, in the poem Xuanpu Liang Na written by Emperor Wen of Liang Jian and Xiao Gang, "jathyapple is like autumn frost". Zhang, a poet in the Tang Dynasty who was earlier than Li Bai, wrote a bright moonlight with "frost flowing in the air" in "Moonlight on a Spring River", which gave people a three-dimensional sense, especially a wonderful idea. However, these are all used as rhetorical devices in poetry. "Is there frost already?" This poem is narrative, not figurative words, but a temporary illusion of the poet in a specific environment. Why is there such an illusion? It is not difficult to imagine that these two sentences describe the situation that the guest can't sleep at night and has a short dream for the first time. At this time, the courtyard was lonely, and the bright moonlight hit the bed through the window, bringing a cold autumn chill. At first glance, the poet was in a blur and trance, and it really seemed that the ground was covered with frost; But a closer look, the surrounding environment told him that this is not a frost mark, but a moonlight. The moonlight inevitably attracted him to look up, and a round of Juan Juan Su Ling hung in front of the window. The space in autumn night is so bright and clean! At this time, he was fully awake.
The moon in autumn is especially bright, but it is very cold. For lonely and distant travelers, it is the easiest to touch their yearning for autumn, which makes people feel depressed and the years fly by. Staring at the moon is also the easiest way to make people daydream, think of everything in their hometown and their relatives at home. Thinking, thinking, head gradually lowered, completely immersed in meditation.
From "doubt" to "looking up" and from "looking up" to "bowing down", the poet's inner activities are vividly revealed, and a vivid picture of homesickness on a moonlit night is vividly outlined.
Just four poems, written fresh and simple, clear as words. Its content is simple, but it is also rich. This is easy to understand, but it is endless. The poet said nothing more than what he had already said. Its conception is meticulous and profound, but it is also blurted out without trace. From here, it is not difficult for readers to understand the wonderful scenery of "nature" and "no work and no heart" in Li Bai's quatrains.
2. Simple Baby Ancient Poetry Enlightenment Selection
draw
Wang Wei [Tang Dynasty]
From a distance, the mountains are high and the clouds are light, and the colors are bright. When you look closer, you can only hear the sound of water, but there is no sound.
Spring has passed, but there are still many flowers and flowers. People go nearby, but the birds are still not disturbed.
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The mountain looks bright from a distance, but when you get closer, you can't hear the sound of water.
In the past spring, flowers were still competing for beauty, but people would not bother when they approached the birds.
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This poem describes the natural scenery, but praises a painting. The first two sentences are written about beautiful scenery and silent running water; The last two sentences describe bloom in four seasons, and birds are not afraid of people. The four poems constitute a complete picture of landscape flowers and birds. The whole poem is neat in antithesis, especially the use of many groups of antonyms in the poem, which makes it clear in rhythm, straightforward, full of charm and easy to read. The whole poem seems to violate the laws of nature, but in fact it is a secret riddle, which shows the characteristics of this painting.
The mountains are colorful in the distance. The distant mountains are smiling, and the colorful mountains are good. What is colored? Comely, handsome, red, wet, green and drooping are colors, so are cool gray, and so are strange and steep pictures. It is only because it is far away that it produces beauty and makes people feel that it has unlimited scenery. This is a kind of "serenity", and the beauty of serenity is beyond the reach of the first sentence, because only people with meditation can appreciate it. This is like the Chun Xue, which drove the Xialiba people out of the art space from the beginning. Cancelled the qualification of impetuous people to appreciate beauty. Here, there is no impetuousness, only calm as water. But not stagnant water, but living water. Do you think there is water in the painting? A spring water poured out with irresistible goodwill, and a flowing beauty jumped into the poet's eyes.
The source of "listening to underwater sound" is "dynamic environment", but the word "static" has entered a static environment, which is quiet and far-reaching. There is no contradiction with the first sentence. A poet can say that he can choose between dynamic and static. What's the big deal? It's too quiet, it's hard to give up, it's hard to find. In this way, we will be close to this poem and this painting, and our hearts will be close to the mountains and rivers. The beauty of all things is only because of "quietness". Silence is a beauty. In Wang Xizhi's poems, it is this kind of beauty of "walking on a shady road, like swimming in a mirror". Sound and silence are dissolved together, the perfect sound of nature! This is what Zhuangzi called "nature". When "natural sound" and "human voice" and "earth sound" are together, a kind of natural sound that ordinary people can't say is formed.
"It is not surprising that spring is still there." Flowers bloom heartily in that most beautiful season, and finally open life to the most beautiful. After the beauty reaches the extreme, it floats away. But the flowers don't fade, just because they are in the painting. Not only that, but also the flowers in the painting. By the end of spring, the flowers were gone, and the feeling of sadness was everywhere. Birds are not surprised. They don't know that their youth is over and the years have passed. How many regrets have been left.
The painting in the poem seems to represent a dream, an invisible dream, but that kind of dream can only be remembered when the human mind is in a quiet state. But it's impossible. It's true. Poets can only look for the last thing in the world that can be entrusted with a touch of meditation. People leave, flowers stay in the air, birds are not surprised, people come again, there is no eternal beauty, all beauty will be hidden in illusion.
3. Simple Baby Ancient Poetry Enlightenment Selection
A traveler's song
Meng Jiao [Tang Dynasty]
The mother used the needle and thread in her hand to make clothes for her long-distance son.
Before leaving, I had a stitch for fear that my son would come back late and his clothes would be damaged.
Who can say that a filial child like the weak can repay his mother's love like the sunshine in spring?
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The kind mother is holding a needle and thread in her hand, making new clothes for the children who are going on a long trip.
Before leaving, he sewed the needle tightly for fear that his son would come back late and his clothes would be damaged.
Who said that a weak and filial person can repay the kindness of such a loving mother as Chunhui Puze?
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This is an ode to maternal love. The whole poem consists of six sentences and three crosses. By recalling a seemingly ordinary scene of mending clothes before he left, he highlighted and praised the greatness and selflessness of maternal love, and expressed the poet's gratitude for maternal love and deep love and respect for his mother. This poem is sincere and natural. Although there is no algae painting or carving, its fresh, smooth, simple and plain language contains rich and mellow poetry, which has been widely read for thousands of years.
The first two sentences, "thread in the hands of a loving mother makes clothes for her wayward boy's body", closely link "loving mother" and "wandering son" with two very common things, and write the flesh-and-blood feelings of mother and child. Three or four sentences, "She sewed carefully and mended thoroughly, fearing that the delay would make him go home late", deepened this kind of flesh-and-blood affection by describing the actions and psychology of loving mother making clothes for wanderers. The mother sewed thousands of stitches for fear that her son would "delay" and could not come back. Great maternal love is naturally revealed through the details of daily life. The first four sentences are very simple, without any modification, but the image of loving mother is really touching.
The last two sentences, "Only an inch of grass has a little affection, and three wisps of spring scenery are appreciated", are the author's heartfelt eulogies of love for his mother. These two sentences adopt the traditional contrast method: children are like grass, and maternal love is like spring sunshine. How can a child repay a mother's love in case? The contrast and metaphor of images entrust the son's heartfelt love for his loving mother.
This poem artistically reproduces the ordinary and great beauty of human nature that people feel, so it has won strong praise from countless readers for thousands of years. Until the Qing Dynasty, two poets in Liyang sang such a poem: "My father's books are full of laundry, and the bus is full of me" (Shi Qisheng's "Writing about my bosom"), "How many tears I always shed, dyed my hands and sewed clothes" (Peng Gui's "Visiting my mother for the first time"), which shows that this poem left a deep impression on future generations.
4. Simple Baby Ancient Poetry Enlightenment Selection
A gift for Wang Lun.
Li Bai [Tang Dynasty]
Li Bai was just about to leave when he heard a farewell song from the shore.
Even if the Peach Blossom Pond is deep, it is not as deep as Wang Lun's sending away my love.
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Li Bai was about to leave by boat when he heard singing on the shore.
Even if the Peach Blossom Lake is as deep as thousands of feet, it can't compare with what Wang Lun did to me.
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This poem is a farewell poem written by Li Bai to Wang Lun, a local friend, when he visited Taohuatan in Jingxian (now southern Anhui). The first two sentences of this poem describe Wang Lun's seeing Bai off while sailing, and simply and naturally express Wang Lun's sincere feelings for Li Bai. The last two sentences first praise the profundity of the Peach Blossom Pond with "deep thousands of feet", and then turn the intangible friendship into tangible thousands of feet Pond with the word "less than", which vividly expresses Wang Lun's sincere and profound friendship for Li Bai. The language of the whole poem is fresh and natural, and the imagination is rich and strange. Although there are only four 28-character sentences, it is one of the most widely circulated famous poems of Li Bai.
Two sentences in the poem describe the farewell scene. "Li Bai will leave by boat" means that the poet will leave Taohuatan by boat. That kind of language flows out smoothly without thinking, showing a natural and unrestrained manner of being impulsive when it comes and returning when it is over. The words "suddenly smell the song on the shore" and "suddenly smell" show that Wang Lun's arrival is really unexpected. I heard it before people arrived. From the warm and hearty singing, Li Bai expected that Wang Lun must have come to see me off. This farewell shows that Li Bai and Wang Lun are both informal, happy and free people.
"Peach Blossom Pond is deeper in thousands of feet than in Wang Lun", and the second half of the poem is lyrical. The third sentence is connected from a distance, which further shows that the ship is placed in Taohuatan. "Deep thousands of feet" not only describes the characteristics of the pool, but also indicates the conclusion.
"Peach Blossom Pond" is so profound that it touches people's feelings. Unforgettable Wang Lun's deep affection and deep affection are naturally linked. At the end of the sentence, "not as good as Wang Lun's" broke out. By comparing things, it vividly expressed sincere and pure affection. The pool is as deep as thousands of feet, so how deep is the friendship between Wang Lun and Li Bai? Interesting. Shenqing Deqian appreciates this sentence very much. He said: "If Wang Lun's love is compared to a pool of thousands of feet, it is a common language. The wonderful scene is just in a transition. " Obviously, the beauty lies in the word "less than", and the beauty lies in replacing metaphor with metaphor, turning intangible friendship into a vivid image, ethereal and memorable, natural and true.
The traditional view of China's poetry is implicit. Yan Yu, a poetic theorist in the Song Dynasty, put forward four taboos in writing poetry: "The language should be straight and the meaning should be shallow. Avoid dew in the pulse, and the taste is short. " Shi Buhua, a poet in A Qing, also said that poetry "should not be expensive". However, the performance characteristics of Li Bai's "To Wang Lun" are: frankness, directness and implicitness. Its "language is straight" and its "pulse is dew", but its "meaning" is not shallow and its taste is stronger. When the ancients wrote poems, they generally avoided calling them by their names, thinking that they had no taste. But To Wang Lun begins with the poet calling his own name and ends with calling the other person's name. On the contrary, he is honest, kind, free and easy, and very affectionate.
5. Simple Baby Ancient Poetry Enlightenment Selection
willow
He Zhangzhi [Tang Dynasty]
Jasper dressed as a tree, hanging down ten thousand green silk tapestries.
I don't know who cut the thin leaves, but the spring breeze in February is like scissors.
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Tall willows are covered with new green leaves, and drooping willows are fluttering gently like thousands of green ribbons.
I wonder who cut this thin willow leaf. This is the spring breeze in February. Like a magic pair of scissors.
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The beauty of willow image lies in Naman's long branches. Once a year, it grows new green leaves and hangs down, which has a charming posture in the spring breeze. This is something that everyone can appreciate. In classical poetry, readers often see this kind of imagery beauty to describe and compare a beautiful woman's slim figure and graceful waist. This poem is original. Turn it over. "Jasper pretends to be a tall tree". At first, Liu Yang appeared as a beautiful woman: "Thousands of threads of moss tapestry hang down", and these countless threads became her nepotism. The word "Gao" in the previous sentence sets off the graceful charm of beautiful Tingting; The word "hanging" in the next sentence means that the slender waist is swaying in the wind. There are no words "willow" and "waist branch" in the poem, but the beauty embodied by weeping willows and willows in early spring is vividly written. "Southern History" said that Liu Yong was the secretariat of Yizhou and presented several Shu Liu plants. "These stripes are very long and look like silk threads." Emperor Wu of Qi planted these willows in the Taichang cloud and in front of the temple, saying that they were "romantic and lovely". Here, wicker is called "green silk sash", which may be an allusion to willow. But it's a waste, and you can't see any traces.
"Jasper makeup" leads to "moss tapestry" and "who cut it". Finally, the intangible "spring breeze" is also vividly portrayed by "scissors". These "scissors" cut out bright green flowers and plants and put on a new makeup for the earth. It is the symbol of natural vitality and the inspiration of spring to people's beauty. From Jasper Makeup to Scissors, readers can see a series of processes of the poet's artistic conception. A series of images in poetry are closely linked.
There were many beautiful women in ancient China, Liu. Why should we compare them with Jasper? This has two meanings: first, the name Jasper is related to the color of willow, and "Jasper" and "green" in the next sentence complement each other. Second, Jasper will always leave a young impression in people's hearts. When it comes to Jasper, people will associate it with the popular Jasper Song "When Jasper Broke a Melon" and Jasper's Little Family Daughter (Xiao Yi Picking Lotus Poems) and other poems. Jasper has almost become a general term for young and beautiful women in ancient literary works. Comparing willow with jasper, people will imagine that this beauty has not yet reached its heyday; This willow is still a willow in early spring, and it is not the time to hide crows with dense branches and leaves; This is also related to the "thin leaves" and "February spring breeze" below.
"Jasper dressed as a tree, thousands of strands of green silk tapestry hanging down", profoundly grasped the characteristics of weeping willows. In the poet's eyes, it is like the embodiment of beauty. The tall trunk is like her graceful charm, drooping wicker, like the ribbon on her skirt. Here, willow is a person, and this person is willow. There seems to be no obvious difference between the two. And "Jasper" also has a pun meaning. Literally, in harmony with the green of willow trees, it also refers to young and beautiful girls, which just echoes the following "spring breeze in February"-this is the weeping willow in early spring, and it has not yet reached the time when the trees are graceful and the shadows are clear and round. But the following two sentences are even better: "I don't know who bears the thin leaves, and the spring breeze in February is like scissors." Before he opened it, who thought the spring breeze was like scissors? Turning the warm and cold February spring breeze from invisible to tangible shows the magic and dexterity of the spring breeze, making Singing Willow a poetic model of describing the object.
This poem sings the spring breeze through the willow tree, compares the spring breeze to scissors, says that she is the creator of beauty, and praises her for cutting out the spring. This poem is full of people's joy in early spring. The novelty and appropriateness of metaphor and metaphor is the success of this poem. Therefore, "300 Notes on Tang Poetry" says: "Give something wonderful, which means tenderness."